Imikhuba Yezilwane: Yikuphi Ukuziphatha Kwezilwane Okusifundisa Ngobuxhwanguxhwangu

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• Ukuxhashazwa Okufundwayo Okubalulekile
• Ukuxhashazwa Emsebenzini Kuyidlala: Hlangana Nabalingiswa Abayi-6

Ngabe ukuziphatha kokuqinela kungaze kumiswe? Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule noma ngaphezulu ukunaka kwethu ekuhluphekeni kwangempela okubangelwa ukuxhashazwa okuholele kuyo yonke imboni egxile "kubahlukumezi." Kodwa-ke kukho konke ukunaka kwethu esihlokweni, ngabe sekwenzile ngempela ukunciphisa ukuhlukunyezwa ezikoleni, emsebenzini nasemiphakathini?

Mhlawumbe esinye sezizathu ebesinzima kakhulu ukushintsha indlela yokuziphatha enolaka yingoba ngokugxila kumuntu “oyisiqhwaga,” silahlekelwa umbono wamandla we-psychology yeqembu ukudala abantu abanomusa nabanobuntu ukwenza ngendlela enonya futhi engenabuntu. Lo mkhuba wokuhlukumezeka kweqembu ucasulwa kalula, futhi unamandla kakhulu, lapho othile ebuholini ekubeka kucace ukuthi bafuna othile aphume. Uma lokho kwenzeka, abangaphansi basabela ngokushesha ocingweni losizo ekuqedeni isisebenzi, umfundi noma umngane ongafuneki.

Ku-ebook yami entsha, I-Mobbed! Ukusinda Ukuxhashazwa Kwabantu Abadala Nokuhlukunyezwa , Ngihlola isimo seqembu elihlukumezayo futhi nginikeze amasu amaningi okuzivikela. Kubhalelwe ikakhulukazi abasebenzi, kepha kusebenza cishe kunoma isiphi isethingi lapho abantu bahlala khona futhi basebenze ndawonye ngamaqembu, I-Mobbed! kubhekisisa kahle ukuziphatha kwezilwane ukukhombisa ukuthi kungakanani ukuhlukumeza esikubona kuzilungiselelo zomphakathi okuyizinto esizalwa nakho, okuyiphethini nokubikezelayo. Uma kungokwemvelo, khona-ke, kungamiswa? Ngingasho ngithi cha, ayinakumiswa ngokuphelele, kepha ingavinjelwa, noma okungenani ilawulwe, ezimweni eziningi — uma ilitshe liyazi futhi lilungisiwe. Mhlawumbe indlela engcono kakhulu yokusinda ekuhlukunyezweni kweqembu akuguquli kakhulu isimilo sabahlukumezi, njengoba ifunda ezilwaneni ukuthi yini ilitshe elingayenza ukuguqula umphumela lapho amazinyo eseveziwe. Nayi ingcaphuno:

Ucwaningo lwe-primate lukhombise izindlela eziningi lapho ukuziphatha kokuhlukumeza kwelungu elisesikhundleni esiphakeme kungaguqula amalungu eqembu anokuthula abe yiqembu lezigelekeqe. Thatha izinkawu ze-rhesus, isibonelo. Encwadini yakhe, Ubuhlakani beMacachiavellian: Indlela amaRhesus Macaques kanye nabantu abawunqobe ngayo umhlaba , isazi sokuqala kwezilwane uDario Maestripieri ukhombisa amasu obuqili nawokukhohlisa asetshenziswa izinkawu ama-rhesus ukuthola isikhundla namandla emiphakathini yazo — ngendlela ecishe ifane ngendlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo emsebenzini nasempini.

UMaestripieri uvula incwadi yakhe ngenganekwane ye-bully macaque eluma owesilisa osemusha othandwa kakhulu ogama lakhe linguBuddy. Esikhundleni sokuqeda ukungqubuzana ngokubhekana nokushaywa okubuhlungu ngokulingana, noma ukukhombisa ukuzithoba nokuzinikela kunkunzi, uBuddy wabaleka esezinhlungwini. Ngokuhluleka ukuthola noma ukukhombisa inhlonipho, ukubonisa kukaBuddy ubuthakathaka kwamema ukulandela, futhi isiqhwaga sakhulisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwakhe, njengoba abangane bakaBuddy bejahe ukujoyina injabulo. Esikhundleni sokusiza umngani wabo owayehlaselwa, noma kunjalo, abangani bakaBuddy bamlandela bamhlasela, okwenza ukuthi abacwaningi ababebona ukuhlangana basuse uBuddy eqenjini ukuze avikele yena.

Ngesikhathi uBuddy ebuyiselwa eqenjini, labo ayekade edlala nabo bamfaka ibheji, bamwisa phansi bamphonsela inselelo yokuthi alwe. Esabuthakathaka ngenxa ye-anesthesia abacwaningi ababemnikeze yona ngemuva kokumsusa ekuhlaselweni kwangaphambili, isimo sikaBuddy esengozini saxhashazwa yibo kanye labo ayekhula nabo. UMastripieri uchaza okwenzekile:

“UBuddy uchithe zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe ebiyelwe nazo zonke ezinye izinkawu. Bonke badla ukudla okufanayo futhi balala ngaphansi kophahla olufanayo. . . . . Babekhona lapho ezalwa. Bambamba futhi bamgona ngesikhathi esewusana. Bambonile ekhula, usuku nosuku, zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, ngalolo suku, ukube abacwaningi babengamkhiphanga uBuddy eqenjini, wayezobulawa. . . . Wayebuthakathaka futhi engavikelekile. Ukuziphatha kwezinye izinkawu kwashintsha ngokushesha nangendlela emangalisayo — kusuka ekubeni nobungane kuya ekungabekezelelaneni, kusukela ekudlaleni kuya ekuhlaseleni. Ukuba sengozini kukaBuddy kwaba yithuba lokuthi abanye baxazulule amaphuzu amadala, bathuthukise isikhundla sabo ekuphathweni okuphethe, noma basuse imbangi engaba khona ngokuhle. Emphakathini we-rhesus macaque, ukugcina isikhundla sakho senhlalo, ukubekezelelwa abanye, futhi ekugcineni usinde nhlobo kungaxhomeka ekutheni umuntu ugijima ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi uwusebenzisa kanjani ngempumelelo umkhombandlela ofanele, nomuntu ofanele, ngesikhathi esifanele. ” (UMastripieri, 2007: 4, 5).

Le ndlela efanayo yokuhlukumeza itholakala ezimpisini ezingeke zihlelele ukuhlasela amanye amaphakethe ezimpisi, kepha zivame ukukhipha amalungu eqembu labo abuthakathaka ukuhlukunyezwa isikhathi eside, cishe njalo okugqugquzelwa yimpisi ye-alpha futhi kwenziwa ngokulandela umthetho izimpisi ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ngokusho kwesazi esidumile semvelo nezimpisi u-R. D. Lawrence, izimpisi ngokoqobo "zilandela umholi wazo" futhi zivule amalungu azo okupakisha uma i-alpha ephezulu isenza njalo. Ukunqanda ukuhlukunyezwa, impisi ehlukunyeziwe kumele ikhombise izimpawu zokuzithoba — ngokulala ngomhlane, iveze umphimbo wayo, isisu sayo nomphimbo wayo kuma-alphas — noma ngokubaleka.

Ukuthola okuningi ngokuthi kusho ukuthini ukukhombisa ukuzithoba noma ukubaleka emsebenzini noma emphakathini, bheka I-Mobbed! Kuyatholakala ku-Kindle, kepha uma ungenayo i-Kindle, ungalanda uhlelo lokusebenza lokufunda mahhala kusayithi le-Amazon elizokuvumela ukuthi ufunde noma iyiphi incwadi ye-Kindle. Futhi uma ungafuni ukufunda le ncwadi, hlala ubheke kule sayithi lapho ngizoqhubeka ngidingide izindlela eziningi lapho ubudlova bomuntu buvutha futhi buthuthukiswe khona lapho sekuzwelwe ucingo lokuhlaselwa. Kunezindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa zokushaya isiqhwaga, futhi kuqala ngokuzazi thina - nezimo zethu zezilwane.

Ukuxhashazwa Okufundwayo Okubalulekile

Ukuxhashazwa Emsebenzini Kuyidlala: Hlangana Nabalingiswa Abayi-6