I-Brain Edema: Izinhlobo, Izimpawu, Izimbangela Nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Le ngozi yobuchopho ivela lapho uketshezi lugcwalisa izingxenye zobuchopho lapho lungaphezulu.
• Ukuchaza umqondo we-edema
• I-edema yobuchopho: izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izinhlobo ze-edema yobuchopho
• 1. I-edema yeCytotoxic
• 2. I-edema yeVasogenic
• 3. I-edema ye-Hydrocephalic noma ye-interstitial
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• 1. Ukulimala ekhanda
• 2. Unhlangothi
• 3. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma ngamagciwane
• 4. Izimila
• 5. I-Hypoxia etholakala ekuphakameni
• 6. IHyponatremia
• 7. Ukudakwa
• Ukwelashwa

Le ngozi yobuchopho ivela lapho uketshezi lugcwalisa izingxenye zobuchopho lapho lungaphezulu.

Uma othile esitshela ukuthi banokugcinwa oketshezi, mhlawumbe sicabanga ngomuntu onemilenze evuvukile futhi evuvukile noma ingxenye ethile yomzimba. Kushiwo ngale ndlela, kungahle kubonakale kungasebenzi, kuyelapheka kalula futhi lokho ngeke kube wuhlupho, njengoba kunjalo ezimweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kugcina uketshezi noma i-edema kungaba yingozi kakhulu ngokuya ngokuthi kwenzeka kuphi. Ngoba ukugcina uketshezi emilenzeni noma emaqakaleni akufani nokuba nakho ezithweni ezifana nephaphu.

Esinye sezimo ezimbi kakhulu futhi eziyingozi ezingenzeka kulokhu ukuba khona kwe-edema yobuchopho, okungaba imbangela yokufa.

Ukuchaza umqondo we-edema

Ngaphambi kokukhuluma nge-edema yobuchopho uqobo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale uqonde ukuthi sisho ukuthini uma sikhuluma ngegama elithi edema. Kuqondakala kanjalo ubukhona bokuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezithambile ngenxa yokuqoqwa koketshezi ngaphakathi noma phakathi kwamaseli alo, ngenxa yokungalingani kwenani loketshezi oluhlangana phakathi olushiya noma olungena kumaseli.

Lokhu kuvuvukala kungaba nezimbangela ezahlukahlukene futhi kungatholakala cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezicubu ezithambile emzimbeni, futhi kungahle kube nemiphumela yokucatshangelwa okuhlukile kuya ngohlobo lwezicubu ezithintekile.

I-edema yobuchopho: izimpawu eziyinhloko

Enye yezindawo lapho i-edema ingenzeka khona, kanye nenye yezingozi kakhulu, kusezicubu zobuchopho. Ku-edema yobuchopho, sithola ukwanda nokuqongelelwa koketshezi phakathi kwamaseli obuchopho lokho kudala ukuvuvukala kobukhulu obanele bokubangela izimpawu zokwelashwa.

Lokhu kuvuvukala kubi kakhulu kuleli cala ngoba ubuchopho abudluli esikhaleni, kepha sizungezwe isakhiwo samathambo esiyivikelayo kodwa sona sikukhawulele: ugebhezi. Ukuqoqwa koketshezi kungadala ukucindezelwa kobunzima bobuchopho emadongeni obuchopho, okungadala ukuthi ama-neurons agcine ngokufa.

Ngokufanayo, it kukhuphula kakhulu izinga lengcindezi engenayo ngokungagcini ibhalansi evamile ye-electrolyte, engashintsha futhi ibangele ukonakala kweseli. Ekugcineni, ukuminyaniswa kungathinta imithambo yegazi, kuvimbele umoya-mpilo ukuthi ungafinyeleli kwezinye zezindawo zobuchopho bese kugcina kuminza.

Ngokuya ngezindawo ezicindezelwe zobuchopho, izimpawu zingahluka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, isiyezi, ukukhathala nobuthakathaka kuyavela, kanye nokushintshwa okungenzeka ezingeni lokwazi, ikhanda, izimpawu zamathumbu ezifana nesicanucanu kanye / noma ukuhlanza noma ukuphazamiseka kokuqonda. Ukuphefumula kungashesha futhi ukuquleka kungavela.

Okuhlobene nokuguqulwa kokuqonda, ezimweni ezinzima i-coma yesiguli noma ngisho nokufa kungabangelwa uma i-nuclei enesibopho sokugcina inhliziyo nesigqi sokuphefumula icindezelwe. Kwezinye izimo kungaholela ekuqothulweni kobuchopho noma ekulahlekelweni unomphela kwemisebenzi efanele.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu, ukuba khona kwe-edema yobuchopho kungaholela ekufeni noma ukuvela kohlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo noma kwezinzwa, okungashintsha kakhulu ukusebenza okujwayelekile komuntu, kungaba okwesikhashana noma unomphela.

Izinhlobo ze-edema yobuchopho

Alukho uhlobo olulodwa lwe-edema yobuchopho, kepha singathola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kuya ngokuthi kukuphi nokuthi kungani kwenzeka ukungalingani nokuqoqana koketshezi. Futhi ukuthi uketshezi lunganqwabelana ngaphakathi kwamaseli nasesikhala sangaphandle kwamaseli.

1. I-edema yeCytotoxic

Kulolu hlobo lwe-edema, ukuvuvukala kwenzeka lapho uketshezi luhlangana ngaphakathi kwamaseli ngokwawo, ukubamba ngokweqile inani eliningi loketshezi lwangaphakathi. Imvamisa kukhiqizwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwamaphampu e-sodium / potassium neziteshi lapho uketshezi lungena khona lushiye amaseli. Sibhekene nenkinga yokulawulwa kwemetabolism yeselula kanye nokugcinwa kwe-homeostasis. Ukusetshenziswa kwento ethile enobuthi kungaba ngesinye sezimbangela zayo.

2. I-edema yeVasogenic

I-Edema eyenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kokuqina kwesistimu yezinzwa, ngenxa yokonakala kwesithiyo segazi nobuchopho, ibhekwa kanjalo. Ngokuvamile siyakuthola lokho i-plasma yegazi ingena kwi-parenchyma noma esikhaleni esingaphandle kwamaseli ezungeza amangqamuzana ezinzwa futhi aqoqane kuwo. Luhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-edema yobuchopho. Izicubu, imivimbo nokulimala ekhanda kujwayele ukuba ngezinye zezimbangela zazo ezivame kakhulu.

3. I-edema ye-Hydrocephalic noma ye-interstitial

I-Edema eyenziwe ukuvinjelwa kwemigudu lapho kuzungeza khona uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal fluid, okwenza ukuthi ama-ventricles we-cerebral noma izindawo eziseduze nendawo evinjiwe zivuthe. Kubonakala ku-hydrocephalus.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

Kukhona inani elikhulu lezimbangela ezingaba khona zokuba khona kwe-edema yobuchopho. Okunye okuvame kakhulu ukulandelayo.

1. Ukulimala ekhanda

Esinye sezimbangela okungaba lula ukusibona yileso esihlobene nokuba khona kokuhlukumezeka ekhanda. Lokhu kushaywa kubangela ukuphuka kwemithambo yegazi, kugcwala ubuchopho ngegazi. Lapho kuzanywa ukumunca uketshezi oluningi, amaseli angavuvukala.

2. Unhlangothi

Ukuba khona kokopha kwegazi lobuchopho noma ukuvaleka kohlelo lwe-cerebrovascular kungenye yezimbangela ezaziwa kakhulu ze-cerebral edema. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi lezi zingozi bezizokhiqiza ukuthi uketshezi ludlulele ngqo ngaphakathi ebuchosheni noma ukuthi amangqamuzana ezinzwa abengafa aphule, kubangele ukuqoqwa koketshezi.

3. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma ngamagciwane

Enye imbangela engaba khona ye-edema yobuchopho ingatholakala lapho kukhona ukutheleleka. Amaseli alimele futhi aqhekekile, izinsalela zawo zidala ukungalingani ezingeni loketshezi lobuchopho. Kuleli qembu lezimbangela sithola izifo ezihluke kakhulu, kusuka ku-meningitis kuya ku-Reye's syndrome.

4. Izimila

Ukuvela kwezimila, kungaba kubi noma kubi, kungadala ukucindezelwa kwemithambo yegazi noma kuvimbele ukudlula kuketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal, okungaholela ekubonakaleni kokuqoqwa koketshezi kwezinye izindawo zobuchopho.

5. I-Hypoxia etholakala ekuphakameni

Lolu hlobo lwe-edema lwenzeka ezifundweni ezinjengabagibeli kanye nabatshuzi. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ubukhona bokwehluka okungazelelwe kwengcindezi yasemkhathini lapho kubhekene nokukhuphuka okusheshayo : uma ungekho umoya-mpilo umzimba uzama ukwelula imithambo nemithambo yesistimu yezinzwa, kepha uma lesi simo sithatha isikhathi eside noma ushintsho lwenziwa ngokushesha okukhulu uthe i-Dilation izodala ubunzima be-homeostatic obuzophelela ekuqoqeni koketshezi ebuchosheni .

6. IHyponatremia

Ukuphazamiseka okwenzeka ngokungabi khona kwezinga elanele le-sodium egazini, lapho umzimba uzama ukunxephezela ngokubangela ukwanda kokungena kuketshezi kumaseli.

7. Ukudakwa

Ukusetshenziswa kobuthi noma ubuthi kungenza izinguquko ohlelweni lwezinzwa oludala ukuba khona kokungalingani emazingeni we-intra noma i-extracellular fluid.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-edema yobuchopho kubalulekile futhi idinga isenzo esisheshayo sobungcweti ukugwema ukufa noma ukuvela komonakalo ongalungiseki esigulini.

Isinyathelo sokuqala okufanele sisetshenziswe ukuqeda ukunqwabelana koketshezi nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala, kubalulekile ukuqapha izimpawu ezibalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izindlela zokuphefumula zokufakelwa zingadingeka ukugcina ukugeleza oksijini okungaguquguquki nokwanele.

Ezimweni lapho impilo yesiguli isengozini, ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha ukulawula izinga lokuvuvukala ngokukhipha uketshezi, noma ukuvuselelwa kwengxenye yogebhezi ukuze kunciphise futhi kunciphise ukucindezelwa okungaphakathi. Lapho isiguli sesizinzile, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlolisiswe ukuthi yini edale inkinga ukuze kulashwe izimbangela zayo.

Ngokufanayo, kufakazelwe lokho ukwenziwa kwe-hyperventilation elawulwayo kunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-edema yobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ilawulwe kakhulu, ngoba kuye ngokuthi kungakanani nokuthi kwenziwa isikhathi esingakanani, kungaba nemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu.

Kokubili nakwezinye izimo lapho ukuhlinzwa kungasetshenziswanga khona, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene kuvamile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-corticosteroids kuvame kakhulu ku- ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lengcindezi engasebenzi kulezi zimo lapho inkinga ingeyona eyomsuka we-cytotoxic noma we-hemorrhagic. Ama-Osmotic kanye ne-diuretics nawo angasetshenziswa ukwenza lula ukuxoshwa koketshezi.