Ukucindezeleka kwe-Neurosis: Izimpawu, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Ukucindezeleka kwe-neurosis umqondo owenziwe nguWilliam Cullen ukuchaza ezinye iziguli.
• Yini i-neurosis?
• Izimpawu
• Ukucindezeleka kwe-neurosis: kuyini?
• Izimpawu
• 1. Ukucindezeleka
• 2. Ukuphela kwamandla
• 3. Izinqubo zokuqonda okuhamba kancane
• 4. Ukunganaki
• 5. Abulia
• 6. Ukuphelelwa yithemba
• 7. Ukuzinyeza
• 8. Ukuzigxeka okuphezulu
• 9. Ukuzwa ulaka
• 10. Ubunzima bokuthatha isinqumo
• 11. Ukuntula noma ukudla ngokweqile
• 12. Ukuzizwa unecala
• 13. Ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• Izimbangela
• Izingcindezi
• 1. Ukusebenza komuntu ngamunye
• 2. Izenzo zokuphucwa imizwa
• Ukwelashwa
• 1. Ukwelashwa ngokwengqondo
• 2. Ukwelashwa kwemithi

Ukucindezeleka kwe-neurosis umqondo owenziwe nguWilliam Cullen ukuchaza ezinye iziguli.

Uyazi ukuthi yini i-neurosis ecindezelayo? Luhlobo lokudangala, ekuqaleni olwaluhlobene nokushintshwa kwesistimu yezinzwa, kepha okuthe kancane kancane kwavela kwaba yilokho esikwaziyo namuhla njenge-dysthymia.

Yize kuyigama okwamanje elingasetshenziswanga, ngaleso sikhathi lalinemiphumela eminingi, ngaphezu kokuvela ekuhloleni kwengqondo, isimo esasaziwa kakhulu ezikhathini zangaphambili. Kulesi sihloko sizokwazi ukuthi i-neurosis yokudangala iyini, ibangela ziphi izimpawu futhi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuyelapha.

Yini i-neurosis?

Ngaphambi kokuchaza ukuthi i-neurosis yokudangala iqukethe ini, ake sichaze ukuthi yini i-neurosis. I-Neurosis kuwumqondo owasungulwa ekuqaleni udokotela waseScotland uWilliam Cullen, ngonyaka we-1769.

UCullen usebenzise leli gama ukubhekisa kuzo zonke lezo zinzwa nezinkinga zemoto ezibangelwe yizifo ezithile zesistimu yezinzwa.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nasemkhakheni wokusebenza kwengqondo yomtholampilo, igama elithi "neurosis" lalisetshenziselwa ukuveza lezo zinkinga zengqondo eziphazamisa ukucabanga komuntu, futhi eziphazamisa ukusebenza kwazo zonke izingxenye zempilo yakhe.

Kodwa-ke, kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi umuntu angaba neurotic (okuhlobene nemicabango engalawuleki, isimo esingesihle, imizwa yecala, "paranoia"…) ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubheka le neurosis njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Konke kuncike ezingeni lobukhulu bezimpawu nokuphazamiseka kwazo empilweni yansuku zonke.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile nezimpawu ze-neurosis yilezi:

Ezingeni le-psychophysiological, izimpawu ezivela yilezi:

Ukucindezeleka kwe-neurosis: kuyini?

Ukucindezeleka kwe-neurosis (okubizwa nangokuthi ukucindezeleka kwe-neurotic) yigama elalisetshenziswa ngaphambili ekwelashweni kwengqondo ukuqoka lezo zingcindezi umsuka wazo ochazwe ngengxabano ye-intrapsychic. Umsuka wencazelo yalesi sithombe yi-psychoanalytic.

Ngokwesinye isandla, igama elithi "ukucindezeleka kwe-neurotic", ikakhulukazi, lafakwa nguSándor Radó, futhi kamuva yathathelwa indawo yi-dysthymia (njengamanje i-dysthymic disorder). Ngakho-ke, njengamanje igama elithi ukucindezeleka kwe-neurotic alisasetshenziswa, kepha i-dysthymia (bezizolingana).

I-Dysthymia, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayisabhekiseli emiqondweni ye-psychodynamic noma ye-psychoanalytic, futhi ichazwa (ngokwe-DSM-5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) isimo sokucindezeleka okungapheli iningi lezinsuku zezinsuku eziningi, yobude besikhathi seminyaka emi-2 (unyaka o-1 esimweni sezingane).

I-neurosis ecindezelayo, esingathi iyinhlayiya yokudana noma uhlobo oluthile lwe-neurosis (kuya ngomlobi), ibonakala ngezimpawu ezilandelayo: isimo esidabukisayo isikhathi esiningi, ukuzethemba okuphansi, ukuzethemba okuphansi, ukuzethemba ngokweqile -ukugxekwa nokuguqulwa komzimba.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokucindezeleka kwe-neurosis, ngaphezu kwalabo asebevele babaliwe, yilezi:

1. Ukucindezeleka

Iqukethe uphawu oluyinhloko lokucindezeleka kwe-neurosis, kanye nokucindezeleka.

2. Ukuphela kwamandla

Kukhona ukulahleka noma ukwehla kwamandla.

3. Izinqubo zokuqonda okuhamba kancane

Kukhuluma nekucabanga ikakhulukazi wehlise ijubane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ubunzima obengeziwe bokugxila.

4. Ukunganaki

Ukunganaki isimo esivamile sokungabi nasithakazelo, kuhambisana nokungabi nogqozi lokwenza izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezigulini ezine-neurosis ecindezelayo, kukhona nokwehla kokukhiqiza kuzo zonke izinzwa.

5. Abulia

Ukunganaki ukungabi nentando, noma amandla, lapho wenza izinto noma unyakaza. Ngakho-ke, umuntu ocindezelekile we-neurosis akavamile ukuzizwa sengathi akenzi "lutho", kunzima kakhulu ukuthi baqale noma benze okuthile, njengokuvuka ekuseni, ukugwema imisebenzi yomphakathi, njll.

6. Ukuphelelwa yithemba

Imizwa yokuphelelwa yithemba futhi kuvela kaningi.

7. Ukuzinyeza

Ukuzethemba kuvame ukuba phansi, njengakwezinye izinhlobo zokudangala noma i-neurosis.

8. Ukuzigxeka okuphezulu

Isiguli naso uvame ukuveza imicabango yokuzigxeka (noma imiyalezo) kuye.

9. Ukuzwa ulaka

Umuzwa wentukuthelo uyavela ongenza isiguli "siqhume" ezimweni ezithile.

10. Ubunzima bokuthatha isinqumo

Isiguli asikwazi ukuzinqumela, futhi lokhu kungenzeka ngisho nezinqumo "ezilula" noma zansuku zonke (zansuku zonke).

11. Ukuntula noma ukudla ngokweqile

Indlala nayo iyashintshwa, futhi kungavela ukweqisa kwesifiso noma ukuswela kwayo.

12. Ukuzizwa unecala

Imizwa yecala ingesinye isibonakaliso sesici sokucindezeleka kwe-neurosis (okuvela kaningi ekucindezelekeni).

13. Ukuphazamiseka kokulala

Ekugcineni, ukuguqulwa kokulala noma ukuphazamiseka nakho kuvela, njengokuqwasha noma ukungakwazi ukuphumula kahle (ukulala okungabuyiseli).

Izimbangela

Ukucindezeleka kwe-neurosis kunemvelaphi eminingi. I-Psychoanalysis ingesinye sezindlela zengqondo ezizame ukuphendula ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela zesifo sokudangala kwengqondo (ngaphezu kokuba yisimo lapho leli gama lazalelwa khona).

Ngokwalesi simo, umsuka we-depress neurosis uzohlobene okuhlangenwe nakho okungathandeki kwakuhlala ngaphandle, ngezimo ezithile ezihlukumezayo kanye nezingcindezi. Izici zangaphandle ezingadala ukuthi i-neurosis ithi ibaluleke kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye.

Izingcindezi

Mayelana nezingcindezi ezishiwo, sithola amaqembu amabili phakathi kwabo:

1. Ukusebenza komuntu ngamunye

Zizoba yizici ezenza lokho ziphathelene nokusebenza komuntu uqobo ; Uma enza "amaphutha" ahlukene noma "ukwehluleka" ezicini ezahlukahlukene zempilo yakhe, angakhula abe nomuzwa wokugxeka ngokweqile ngaye (ngisho nasempilweni yakhe uqobo).

2. Izenzo zokuphucwa imizwa

Ngokuya nge-psychoanalysis, futhi njengeqembu lesibili lezingcindezi okungaba umsuka we-depress neurosis, sithola okuthiwa "yimicimbi yokuncishwa imizwa".

Isibonelo salolu hlobo lomcimbi singahlukaniswa nabathandekayo bethu ngenhlanhla, nokungabi nezinsizakusebenza ezidingekayo (ezingeni lomzwelo) ukubhekana nalesi simo ngendlela enempilo.

Ukwelashwa

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukucindezeleka kwe-neurosis yilezi:

1. Ukwelashwa ngokwengqondo

Uma kukhulunywa ngokwelapha ukucindezeleka kwe-neurosis (khumbula, i-dysthymic disorder yamanje) kunezinketho ezahlukahlukene kumongo wokwelashwa kwengqondo. Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) njengamanje ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu maqondana nalokhu (futhi ukwelapha ezinye izinhlobo zokudangala).

Amanye amathuluzi noma amasu asetshenziswa kakhulu kumongo we-CBT yilawa:

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izifundo, njengalezo zikaBesteiro noGarcía (2000), ziphakamisa ukuthi i-hypnosis nayo ingathathwa njengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwelapha ukucindezeleka kwe-neurosis, kanye nokuphumula (kwesibili).

Inhloso yokwelashwa kwengqondo kulezi zimo, futhi ngendlela ejwayelekile, kuzoba bathuthukise imizwa yesiguli futhi basebenze ngezingxabano zabo zangaphakathi kakhulu.

2. Ukwelashwa kwemithi

Mayelana nokwelashwa kwemithi kwe-neurosis ecindezelayo, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi asikho isidakamizwa "eselapha" lesi sifo (njengoba singekho isifo sengqondo), nokuthi into enhle kunazo zonke kuzoba njalo ukuya ukwelashwa okuhlukahlukene okubandakanya nokwelashwa kwengqondo.

Kodwa-ke, izidakamizwa zokulwa nengcindezi zisetshenziswa ngaphezu kwakho konke, ikakhulukazi ama-SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors), okuyindlela yokwelashwa kwemithi yokuqala. Izibonelo zemithi ye-SSRI yilezi: i-fluoxetine, i-sertraline, i-paroxetine, ne-fluvoxamine.