Ingabe Umona Uholela Ekuthintekeni Kokungahlali Nomphakathi?

Ngenkathi umona kubhekiselwa kuwo ngokuthi “isilo esinamehlo aluhlaza,” umona uvame ukubhekwa njengophila nawo, umlingani ongenacala. Ngakho-ke, kuye kwaba nokuncane ukucwaninga ngemiphumela yomona. Ucwaningo olukhona lukhombisa ukuthi umona uxhunyaniswe nokunciphisa inhlalakahle yomuntu, kepha-ke, ucwaningo oluncane luphenye imiphumela yomona (Behler, Wall, Bos, & Green, 2020). UBehler et al. (2020) ngaleyo ndlela yenza uchungechunge lokuzama ukuqonda ukuthi umona ungaholela ekulimaleni kwabantu. Ngaphezu kokufunda ngemiphumela yomona, abacwaningi babheka ukubonga, okungathathwa njengokuphikisana nomona uma umuntu onokubonga ekwazisa lokho asenakho, kanti umuntu onomona ufuna lokho abanye abanakho.

Isifundo 1

Ocwaningweni lokuqala, abacwaningi bathola isampula elihlukile labangu-143 abafundela iziqu eyunivesithi esogwini olusempumalanga ye-U.S e-laboratory, ababambiqhaza babamba iqhaza emsebenzini wokubhala owawenzelwe ukudala umona, ukubonga noma izwe elingathathi hlangothi. Esimweni somona, ababambiqhaza batshelwa ukuthi: "Umona umuzwa ongemuhle noma isimo somzwelo esiba nomphumela wokulangazelela ukuba nezinto zakho, impumelelo, noma izimfanelo zomunye umuntu" (ikhasi 3). Okulandelayo, bayalelwa ukuthi bachithe imizuzu eyi-10 bebhala ngesimo lapho bazizwa benomona khona. Esimweni sokubonga, ababambiqhaza batshelwa ukuthi: "Ukubonga wumuzwa omuhle noma isimo somzwelo esiba nomphumela wokubona imithombo yobuhle kwabanye kanye nezinzuzo ozitholile kwabanye" (ikhasi 3). Njengasesimweni somona, ababambiqhaza babhala ngesimo lapho bezwe khona ukubonga. Ekugcineni, esimeni sokungathathi hlangothi, ababambiqhaza bacabanga “ngokusebenzisana okujwayelekile” nomthengisi base bebhala ngemizwa yabo phakathi nalokhu kusebenzisana.

Ngemuva komsebenzi wokubhala, ababambiqhaza babhangqwe nozakwethu ohambelana nobulili ababekholelwa ukuthi bazobe bephothula omunye umsebenzi nabo. Umlingani wobulili obufanayo wakhethwa njengabantu abasethubeni lokuziqhathanisa nalabo abafana nabo. Lo zakwethu empeleni wayengumlingani oqeqeshiwe owathi "ngengozi" washaya phansi inkomishi yamapensela angama-30 lapho umlingisi engekho egumbini. Umhlanganyeli wabe esethatha amapensela kancane kancane futhi waqopha ukuthi mangaki amapensela umhlanganyeli awasizile ukuwathatha.

Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi labo abenziswe umona bathathe amapensela ambalwa (10.36 ngokwesilinganiso) uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abasesimweni sokubonga (amapensela ayi-13.50 ngokwesilinganiso) noma abathathi hlangothi (amapensela ayi-13.48 ngokwesilinganiso). Okwamanje, labo abasezimeni zokubonga nokungathathi hlangothi abangahlukile enanini lamapensela abalicoshile.

Isifundo 2

Ku-Study 2, abacwaningi bahlose ukuqonda ukuthi umona ungadala ingozi yini kunokumane ungathandi ukusiza. Isampula elihlukile ngokobuhlanga labafundi abayi-127 abavela eyunivesithi efanayo naseSifundweni 1 bafika elabhorethri futhi babelwa kweminye yale mibandela emithathu: umona, ukubonga, noma ukungathathi hlangothi. Ukwenza imizwa, abacwaningi basebenzise imisebenzi efanayo yokubhala njengakuSifundo 1 ngokuhlukile. Ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuthi umsebenzi womthengisi kungenzeka ubangele imizwa emihle, abafundi abasesimweni sokungathathi hlangothi kunalokho bacelwe ukuthi babheke imininingwane yegumbi abebekulo futhi babhale ngale mininingwane.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ababambiqhaza bagcwalise inguqulo eguquliwe yeTangram Help Hurt Task (Saleem et al., 2015), umdlalo wephazili lapho ababambiqhaza abangasiza noma balimaze abalingani babo. Kulokhu, ababambiqhaza batshelwa ukuthi bona nomlingani wabo bazokhetha amapuzzle, ahluke ngobunzima, komunye nomunye. Baphinde baziswa ukuthi uma bobabili bewaqedile wonke amapuzzli ngemizuzu eyi-10, ngamunye wabo uzothola amanye amaphuzu ayi-25 wesikweletu. Kodwa-ke, uma behluleka ukuqedela ama-puzzle ngemizuzu eyi-10, munye kuphela kubo, osheshayo, ozothola isikweletu semfundo eyengeziwe. Lo muntu uzothola izikweletu ezengeziwe ezingama-.5.

Okutholakele kukhombisile ukuthi ababambiqhaza abenziwe ukuthi bazizwe benomona babenamathuba amaningi kunalabo abasezimweni ezingathathi hlangothi noma zokubonga ukwabela abalingani babo amapuzzle anzima. Labo abasesimweni somona babuye babika nesifiso esikhulu sokulimaza umlingani (okungukuthi, inhloso yokwenza kube nzima ngabo ukuthola amakhredithi) uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abasesimweni sokungathathi hlangothi. Ngokuphikisana nalokho obekulindelwe, bekungekho mehluko esifisweni sokulimaza kulabo abanomona uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo zokubonga. Ngokumangazayo, bekungekho futhi umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu amathathu ngesifiso sokusiza umlingani noma ukwabiwa kwamaphazili alula kumlingani. Abaphenyi basikisela ukuthi lokhu kushoda komehluko ekuziphatheni okuhlelekile kungenzeka kungenxa yesimo sokuncintisana kwalesi simo.

Imiphumela

Ukuhlanganiswa, lokhu okutholakele kukhombisa ukuthi umona ungadala ukuthi abantu bangagcini nje ngokuyeka ukusiza abanye kepha futhi balimaze abanye. Okubalulekile, imiphumela enobungozi yokuhlangana idlulela kulabo okungezona izinhloso zokuqala zomona. Kulolu cwaningo, ababambiqhaza balimaze (noma abasizanga) umuntu ongamazi ngokuphelele ngenxa yemizwa yabo yomona.

Ucwaningo luye lwathola ngokungalindelekile ukuthi ukuheha ukubonga akuzange kuthuthukise isimilo sokuziphatha noma kunciphise isimilo sokungafani nabantu uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo sokungathathi hlangothi. Abaphenyi baveza ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta yakamuva (isb., I-Dickens, i-2017) iphinde yaphakamisa ukuthi ngenkathi ukungenelela kokubonga kungakhuphula umthelela omuhle womuntu, akunampumelelo ekuthuthukiseni ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu. Abaphenyi basikisela ukuthi esikhundleni salokho, imisebenzi yokuziqinisekisa, lapho umuntu ekhombisa khona izindinganiso ezibaluleke kakhulu kubo, ingasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela abantu ekuzweni umuzwa olimazayo womona.