Ingabe Kwenza Noma Yimuphi Umqondo Ukufaka I-Quantum Mechanics Kokuthi Abantu Bacabanga Kanjani?

Ngena kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezincwadi futhi ungathola izincwadi 'nge-quantum computation', 'i-quantum healing', ngisho ne-'quantum golf '. Kepha imishini ye-quantum ichaza izinto ezise-microworld zezinhlayiya ze-subatomic, akunjalo? Kusiza ngani ukukusebenzisa ezintweni ezinkulu ezifana namakhompiyutha kanye negalufu, ingasaphathwa eyokusebenza kwengqondo njengokucabanga, imizwa nemibono?

Mhlawumbe kusetshenziswa njengesifaniso, ukusiza ukwenza okuthile kube nzima ukuqondakala. Kepha imishini yequantum uqobo iyinkimbinkimbi; ingenye yemibono eyindida kakhulu abantu abake bavela nayo. Ngakho-ke singakuqonda kanjani kangcono okuthile ngokudweba ukufaniswa nemishini ye-quantum?

Umphumela Wokubuka kuFizikiki

Angazi mayelana 'nokuphulukiswa kwe-quantum' noma 'igalofu le-quantum', kepha ngaqala ukucabanga ngokuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kwethiyori ye-quantum nokuthi abantu bayisebenzisa kanjani imiqondo ngo-1998 ngenkathi ngikhuluma nomfundi ophothule izifundo ze-physics esikhungweni sokucwaninga ngemikhakha eyahlukene eBelgium. Umfundi, uFranky, ubengitshela ngezinye zezindida ezikhuthaze ama-quantum mechanics. Indida eyodwa yi- umphumela wokubuka: ngeke sazi lutho ngenhlayiya ye-quantum ngaphandle kokwenza isilinganiso sayo, kepha izinhlayiya ze-quantum ziyabucayi kangangokuba noma yisiphi isilinganiso esingasenza ngokungenakugwenywa sishintsha isimo senhlayiya, empeleni sisilimaza ngokuphelele!

Umphumela wokungenelela kuFizikiki

Okunye okuxakayo ukuthi izinhlayiya ze-quantum zingasebenzisana ngendlela ejulile kangangokuba zilahlekelwe ubunikazi bazo futhi ziziphathe njengoyedwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana kuholela ebhizinisini elisha elinezakhiwo ezihlukile kwezinye zezinto zalo. Lapho lokhu kwenzeka akunakwenzeka ukwenza isilinganiso esisodwa ngaphandle kokuthinta okunye, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele lwezibalo bekufanele lwenziwe ukubhekana nalolu hlobo lokuhlangana ndawonye noma ukubanjwa, njengoba ibizwa kanjalo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwesibili - ukubambeka - kungahle kuhlobene ngokujulile nendida yokuqala - umphumela wombukeli - ngomqondo wokuthi lapho obukayo enza isilinganiso, obukayo kanye nalowo obonwayo angaba uhlelo olubambekayo.

Imiqondo

Ngibonile kuFranky ukuthi izindida ezifanayo ziyavela maqondana nokuchazwa kwemiqondo. Imiqondo ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi iyona esenza sikwazi ukuhumusha izimo ngokuya ngezimo zangaphambilini esahlulela ukuthi ziyafana nezamanje. Zingaba ukhonkolo, njengeSIHLALO, noma ezingabonakali, njengeBUHLE. Ngokwesiko zibhekwe njengezakhiwo zangaphakathi ezimele isigaba sezinhlangano emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya kucatshangwa ukuthi abanaso isakhiwo esimelwe ngokumelwa, isakhiwo sabo sithonywa ngamandla yizimo ezivela kuzo.

Isibonelo, umqondo BABY ungasetshenziswa enganeni yomuntu yangempela, unodoli owenziwe ngepulasitiki, noma isibalo esincane senduku esidwetshwe ngophawu lukakhayi kwikhekhe. Umbhali wengoma angahle acabange NGOMNTWANA esimweni sokudinga igama elinemilolotelo mhlawumbe. Njalo njalo. Ngenkathi esikhathini esidlule umsebenzi oyinhloko wemiqondo bekucatshangwa ukuthi ungukuhlonza izinto njengezimo zesigaba esithile, ngokuya ngokwengeziwe azibonwa nje ukukhomba kepha ukubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni kwencazelo. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ebhekisa esikhaleni esincane njenge-BABY WRENCH, umuntu akazami ukukhomba ukusonta njengesibonelo se-BABY, noma ukukhomba ingane njengesibonelo se-WRENCH. Ngakho-ke imiqondo yenza okuthile okucashile futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi kunokumela ngaphakathi izinto emhlabeni wangaphandle.

Kuyini lokhu 'okunye okunye' nokuthi kusebenza kanjani kungaba umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu obhekene nokusebenza kwengqondo namuhla; kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuguquguquka nokwakheka komcabango womuntu. Kubalulekile, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqonda ukuthi imidwebo, noma ama-movie, noma izindima zombhalo, zihlangana kanjani ukuze zibe nencazelo kithi engeyona nje ingqikithi yamagama abo noma ezinye izinto eziyinhlanganisela.

Ukuthola isibambo kulokhu 'okunye okungaphezulu' kudinga umbono wezibalo wemibono. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zazama ukuthuthukisa inkolelo yemathematics yamashumi eminyaka. Yize benze kahle kakhulu ekuqhamukeni nemibono engachaza futhi ibikezele ukuthi abantu babhekana kanjani nemibono eyodwa, eyedwa, abakwazanga ukuqhamuka nombono ongachaza futhi ubikezele ukuthi abantu babhekana kanjani nenhlanganisela noma ukuxhumana phakathi kwemiqondo, noma ngisho nombono ongachaza ukuthi izincazelo zawo ziguquka kanjani kalula lapho zivela ezimweni ezahlukahlukene. Futhi izinto ezenze kwaba nzima ukuza nomqondo wezibalo zemiqondo zikhumbuza kakhulu izenzeko ezenze kwaba nzima ukuthola umbono ongachaza ukusebenza kwezinhlayiya ze-quantum!

Umphumela Wokubheka Imiqondo

Enhliziyweni yezindida zombili imishini ye-quantum kanye nemiqondo umphumela we umongo . Kumishini ye-quantum kunomqondo we isimo somhlabathi, isimo inhlayiya ikuyo lapho ingasebenzelani nanoma iyiphi enye inhlayiya, okungukuthi, lapho ingathintwa yinoma yimuphi umongo. Lesi yisimo esiphezulu amandla ngoba inethuba lokuveza inqwaba yezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezinikezwe izimo ezahlukahlukene ezingasebenzisana nazo. Ngokushesha lapho kuyizinhlayiyana ziqala ukushiya isimo somhlabathi futhi ziwele ngaphansi kwethonya lesilinganiso, ithengisa kokunye kwalokhu ukuba khona kweqiniso; isilinganiso saso senziwe futhi esinye isici saso siqondakala kangcono. Ngokufanayo, lapho ungacabangi ngomqondo othile, njengomqondo othi ITHEBULA emzuzwini edlule, kungenzeka ukuthi wawukhona engqondweni yakho usesimweni sokusebenza ngokugcwele. Ngaleso sikhathi, umqondo wokuthi ITHEBULA ungasebenza ku-KITHCEN TABLE, noma ku-POOL TABLE, noma ku-TULLE YOKUPHindaphindeka. Kepha emasekhondini ambalwa edlule lapho ufunda igama elithi ITHEBULA, libe ngaphansi kwethonya lomongo wokufunda le ndatshana. Lapho ufunda inhlanganisela yomqondo IPHUTHULA LOKUPHEPHA, ezinye izici zokuba khona kweTABLE zaba kude kakhulu (njengokukwazi ukubamba ukudla), kanti ezinye zaba ngokhonkolo ngokwengeziwe (njengokukwazi ukubamba amabhola agingqekayo). Noma yimuphi umongo othile uletha empilweni ezinye izici zalokho okungenzeka, ngenkathi kufihlwa ezinye izici.

Ngakho-ke, njengoba izakhiwo zebhizinisi le-quantum zingenawo amanani acacisiwe ngaphandle komongo wesilinganiso, izici noma izakhiwo zomqondo azinakho ukusetshenziswa okucacile ngaphandle kwesimo sesimo esithile. Kumakhenikhi we-quantum, izifundazwe nezakhiwo zebhizinisi le-quantum ziyathinteka ngendlela ehlelekile futhi ehlelwe kahle ngokwesilinganiso. Ngokufanayo, umongo lapho kutholakala khona umqondo ngokungenakugwenywa ukhombisa ukuthi umuntu uwuthola kanjani lowo mqondo. Umuntu angabhekisa kulokhu njengomphumela wokubuka imiqondo.

Ukubanjwa Kwemibono

Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi kukhona 'umphumela wokubuka' wemibono, kukhona futhi 'nomphumela wokungena'. Ukuchaza lokhu, cabanga ngomqondo ISLAND. Uma kwenzeka kwaba khona isici esikhomba noma esichazayo somqondo kungaba ukuthi isici 'esizungezwe ngamanzi' somqondo ISLAND. Impela 'ukuzungezwa ngamanzi' kumaphakathi nalokho okushiwo ukuba yisiqhingi, akunjalo? Kepha ngelinye ilanga kwenzeka ukuthi ngiqaphele ukuthi sithi 'isiqhingi sasekhishini' ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphandle kokulindela ukuthi le nto esikhuluma ngayo izungezwe ngamanzi (impela kungaphazamisa uma zazikhona ezungezwe ngamanzi!) Lapho i-KITHCEN ne-ISLAND zihlangana zikhombisa izakhiwo ezingenakubikezelwa kususelwa kuzakhiwo zamakhishi noma izakhiwo zeziqhingi. Zihlangana zibe yiyunithi eyodwa yencazelo enkulu kunaleyo yemiqondo yezakhi. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwemiqondo ngezindlela ezintsha nezingalindelekile kumaphakathi kobuhlakani bomuntu futhi kuyinhliziyo yenqubo yokudala, futhi kungacatshangwa njengenkinga yokungenela imiqondo.

Kungabonakala kooky ukufaka ama-quantum mechanics entweni efana nemiqondo, kubonwe kumongo womlando lokhu akuyona into exakile enjalo. Imibono eminingi ngaphambili eyayiyingxenye ye-physics manje seyichazwe njengengxenye yezibalo, njenge-geometry, i-probability theory, kanye nezibalo. Ngezikhathi lapho zazithathwa njenge-physics zazigxila ekumodeleni izingxenye zomhlaba eziphathelene ne-physics. Endabeni ye-geometry lokhu kwakuyizimo ezisemkhathini, futhi endabeni yamathuba okuba khona kanye nezibalo lokhu kwakungukulinganisela okuhlelekile kwezigameko ezingaqinisekile kokungokoqobo. Lezi zinkolelo-mbono zomzimba manje sezithathe izinhlobo zazo ezingaqondakali kakhulu futhi zisetshenziswa kalula kwezinye izizinda zesayensi, kubandakanya nesayensi yabantu, ngoba zithathwa njengezibalo, hhayi i-physics. (Isibonelo esilula kakhulu sokuthi ithiyori yezibalo isebenza kanjani kuyo yonke imikhakha yolwazi yinkolelo-mbono yenombolo. Sonke siyavuma ukuthi ukubala, kanye nokungeza, ukususa, nokunye, kungenziwa ngaphandle kohlobo lwento ebaliwe .)

Kukulo mqondo lapho ngiqale khona ukucabanga ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zezibalo ezivela kumakhenikha e-quantum ukwakha umbono wezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ngaphandle kokunamathisela incazelo ebonakalayo enikezwe zona lapho isetshenziswa kwi-microworld. Ngatshela ngenjabulo umeluleki wami wobudokotela, uDiederik Aerts, ngalo mbono. Wayesesebenzise ukwenziwa kwezinto ngemishini ye-quantum ukuchaza indida yamanga (isb., Kanjani lapho ufunda umusho onjengokuthi 'Lo musho ungamanga', ingqondo yakho ishintshela emuva naphambili phakathi 'kweqiniso' nokuthi 'akulona iqiniso'). Uma bekukhona noma ngubani obengawazisa umqondo wokusebenzisa izakhiwo ze-quantum emiqondweni, impela kungaba nguye. Lapho ngimtshela, nokho wathi ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwepheshe engangizama ukukwenza ngeke kusebenze.

Angikwazanga ukunikela kulo mbono, noma kunjalo. Ngokuzizwa izwakala ilungile. Futhi kwenzeka, nomeluleki wami akakwazanga. Sobabili saqhubeka nokucabanga ngakho. Futhi ezinyangeni ezalandela kwaqala ukubukeka sengathi sobabili sasineqiniso. Lokho wukuthi, indlela yezibalo ebengiyiphakamisile ibingalungile, kepha umqondo oyisisekelo ubulungile, noma okungenani, bekunendlela yokwenza ngakho.

Manje, ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi kamuva, kunomphakathi wabantu abasebenza kulokhu nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene zemishini ye-quantum yokuthi ingqondo iphatha kanjani amagama, imiqondo nokwenza izinqumo, udaba olukhethekile lwe-'Journal of Mathematical Psychology 'enikelwe isihloko, nengqungquthela yaminyaka yonke ye-'Quantum Interaction 'ebibanjelwe ezindaweni ezinjenge-Oxford neStanford. Kwakukhona ngisho nochungechunge kuyo eMhlanganweni Wonyaka Ka-2011 weCognitive Science Society. Akuyona igatsha elijwayelekile le-psychology, kepha aliseyona 'imiphetho' njengakuqala.

Kokunye okuthunyelwe ngizoxoxa ngezibalo ezintsha ezingajwayelekile 'ezingezona ezesayensi' ezenzelwe ukuchaza ukusebenza kwezinhlayiya ze-quantum, nokuthi isetshenziswe kanjani ekuchazeni imiqondo nokuthi ihlangana kanjani ezingqondweni zethu. Kuzoqhutshwa.....