Ingcindezi Yasekuqaleni Yobuthi Ishintsha Ukwakheka Kwengqondo

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• Ukucindezeleka Ukufunda Okubalulekile
• Ukukhululwa Kwingcindezi 101: Umhlahlandlela Osekelwe Kwisayensi

Ngicela ukwehluka ngesiphetho sikaDkt. Rettew sokuthi isifundo esisha asicaphune "sifakazela" ukuthi i-ADHD iyiqiniso. Ucwaningo uDkt Rettew ucaphuna lishiya isici esibalulekile ekukhuleni kobuchopho bezingane: okuwukuthi, lolu cwaningo luhluleka ukubona izinga lapho ukutholakala khona kusenesikhathi kokuhlangenwe nakho okucindezelayo nezindawo kungathinta ukwakheka kwengqondo ekhulayo yengane. Lokho wukuthi, izinto ezisemvelweni yengane encane zingashintsha ubukhulu bengqondo yengane.

Kunezifundo eziningi ezisekela isiphetho sokuthi isipiliyoni sishintsha ubuchopho. Bona, isibonelo, iphepha elisebenzayo elivela eHarvard University's Center on the Developing Child "Ukucindezela Okudlulele Kuphazamisa Ukwakhiwa Kwezingqondo Ezikhulayo."

Lolu cwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi "amasekethe we-neural okubhekana nengcindezi atholakala kalula (noma" ipulasitiki ") ngesikhathi sezingane kanye nesikhathi sokukhula ebuntwaneni. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwasekuqaleni kubumba ukuthi zisebenza kalula kanjani lezi zifunda nokuthi zingaphathwa kahle futhi zicishwe kanjani. Ukucindezeleka okunobuthi ngalesi sikhathi sokuqala kungathinta ukukhula kwemijikelezo yobuchopho. "

Ingcindezi ihlanganisa ama-hormone afana ne-cortisol ne-adrenaline enganeni. "Ukusebenza okulondoloziwe noma okuqhubekayo kwezinhlelo zamahomoni eziphendula ekucindezelekeni kungaba nemiphumela emibi yokukhula, eminye yayo engadlula esikhathini sokuchayeka kwengcindezi. Lapho izingane zinezingcindezi ezinobuthi, amazinga azo e-cortisol ahlala ephakeme isikhathi eside. Zombili ucwaningo lwezilwane nolwabantu lukhombisa ukuthi ukuphakama kwesikhathi eside emazingeni e-cortisol kungashintsha ukusebenza kwezinhlelo eziningi ze-neural, kuvimbele ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba, futhi kuguqule nokwakhiwa kwezifunda ebuchosheni ezibalulekile ekufundeni nasekukhumbuleni. "

Kunezifundo eziningi kakhulu ezibonisa ukuthi izinto zemvelo ezifana nengcindezi zidlala indima enkulu kanjani ekukhuleni kobuchopho bezingane. Ukuqamba ezimbili kuphela: uLupien, S. J., de Leon, M. J., de Santi, S., Convit, A., Tarshish, C., Nair, N. P. V., ... & Meaney, M. J. (1998). Izinga leCortisol ngesikhathi sokuguga komuntu libikezela ukwehluleka kwe-hippocampal kanye nokushoda kwememori. Imvelo Neuroscience, 1 (1), 69-73, noLupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Imiphumela yengcindezi kuyo yonke impilo ebuchosheni, ekuziphatheni nasekuqondeni. Ukubuyekezwa Kwemvelo I-Neuroscience, 10, 434-445.

Ngokusho kocwaningo olukhonjiwe, ababambiqhaza bakhishelwa ngaphandle uma "benomlando wokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ngokocansi, noma ngokomzwelo" ngokuya ngomlando wabo wezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke abacwaningi baqaphele ukuthi izici zemvelo zidlala indima ekwakhiweni kobuchopho noma ukuthi izimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa zingatholwa ngendlela engeyiyo njenge-ADHD. Kodwa-ke, nanka amaphuzu amathathu okufanele enziwe ngalo mzamo wokukhipha ababambiqhaza ngesisekelo sokuhlukunyezwa.

Okokuqala, abazali ababiki njalo ukuthi bazihlukumezile noma bazinakile izingane zabo futhi izingane zivame ukwesaba kakhulu ukuzibika ngokwazo.

Okwesibili, ukuhlukunyezwa kungenzeka kwenzeke ngaphandle kolwazi lwabazali (yilungu lomndeni, umngani womndeni, umzanyana noma umzanyana). Njengomelaphi osebenzayo, ngiyazi ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuhlukumezeka lwakamuva lwenzeka kaningi kakhulu kunokucabanga komuntu.

Okwesithathu, kunezinhlobo zokucindezela ngokweqile enganeni encane ezingangeni esigabeni sokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ngokocansi noma ngokomzwelo. Izibonelo zokuxineka okukhulu okungaba nomthelela ebuchosheni obukhulayo bengane yilezi: 1) ukubona udlame lwasekhaya noma ukulwa okungapheli kwabazali, 2) ingane ihlukunyezwa, 3) ubunzima bezomnotho, 4) ukuchayeka ngokweqile kwizikrini ze-elekthronikhi (bheka, isibonelo, udokotela wezifo zengqondo uVictoria EzikaDunckley Psychology Namuhla amabhulogi wokuthi isikhathi sesikrini ngokweqile singashintsha kanjani izifunda ze-neural). Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi okungenani ezinye zezingane ocwaningweni zazichayeke ngezinhlobo zokucindezeleka kwemvelo ezazingabalwa.

UDkt. Rettew ubonakala ekholelwa ukuthi ucwaningo alushoyo "luyinhlamvu yemilingo" ezolalisa unomphela umbono wokuthi i-ADHD isuselwa ekulimaleni kofuzo noma kobuchopho. Lokhu kusobala ukuthi akunjalo. Futhi akunjalo ukuthi labo bethu abangabazayo ukuthi i-ADHD "iyisifo" sangempela badinga "ukuphotha" izifundo ngeziphetho esingavumelani nazo.

Thina singabazayo asinayo imbazo yokugaya. Sinomqondo ovulekile konke ubufakazi, odokotela bengqondo abathambekele kokuphila ngeshwa abakwazi ukubulunga. Ubufakazi obusha bokucindezeleka okukhulu ebuchosheni bezingane buvela nsuku zonke. Ubani owayengacabanga ukuthi abazali babeka usana ekushintsheni phambi kwethelevishini amahora angama-4-6 ngosuku noma bavumele izingane zidlale imidlalo yevidiyo amahora amaningi. Lokhu kuvuselelwa ngokweqile kwe-elekthronikhi kubeka ingcindezi enkulu ebuchosheni bezingane ezincane futhi, yebo, kungadala ushintsho lwezinzwa.

Ukucindezeleka Ukufunda Okubalulekile

Ukukhululwa Kwingcindezi 101: Umhlahlandlela Osekelwe Kwisayensi