Impi Yabesifazane Yokulwa Nezinwele Zomzimba

Kuze kube ukuthomba, imizimba yethu ibukeka ifana kungakhathalekile ubulili bethu, ngaphandle kwesitho sangasese. Lapho sifika ebusheni, inqwaba yamahomoni — ama-androgens afana ne-testosterone nama-estrogens afana ne-estradiol — abumba kabusha imizimba yethu. Sonke sinama-androgens nama-estrogens, kepha amanani ethu ahlobene ahluke kakhulu, ngama-androgens amaningi kakhulu emadodeni nase-estrogens kwabesifazane.

I-Androgens yandisa ukushayela ucansi nokukhula kwezitho zangasese, izinwele zomzimba, izindlala ezibusayo — ezibangela izinduna nephunga lomzimba — nemisipha kithi sonke, ngaphandle kwalabo abane-syndrome ephelele yokungazweli. Ama-estrogeni akhulisa izinkalo futhi andise ukubekwa kwamafutha emabeleni nasezinqeni.

Emiphakathini yaseNtshonalanga, abaningi bethu bachitha izimpilo zabo bezama ukwenza ihaba ngobufazi noma ubudoda bethu — ngokuvamile sibeka isikhathi esiningi, umzamo, nemali — futhi kwezinye izimo sibekezelela izinhlungu nobungozi bezokwelapha.

Noma ngabe ucansi luni, abantu abadala bakhula izinwele zekhwapha, umlenze nezinwele, yize ama-androgens amaningi evame ukusho izinwele ezengeziwe zomzimba, kanye nezinwele eziqinile nezimnyama. UCharles Darwin uphakamise ukuthi sashintsha izinwele ezincishisiwe ngokukhetha ngokocansi, njengoba amadoda ekhetha abalingani abanezinwele zomzimba ezingaphansi. Emakhulwini eminyaka amuva nje emiphakathini yaseNtshonalanga, kuye kwaqhutshwa umcabango omuhle wesikhumba sabesifazane esingenaboya. Empeleni, okucatshangwa ukuthi ngumzimba wabesifazane kakhulu kungenayo i-androgens ngakho-ke akukho zinwele zomzimba.

Izindlela ezimangazayo zilethwe ngokumelene nezinwele zomzimba. Kusukela okungenani ngekhulu le-16 kuze kube ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 eNyakatho Melika, izinwele "ezingadingekile" ebusweni nasentanyeni zazisuswa ngokuhluthula izinwele ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukufaka i-wax, noma ukufaka okhilimu abazenzele izithako ezazifaka i-lime (a strong base) ne-arsenic, kanye negazi leselesele kwesinye isikhathi, izingwe ezishile, amaqanda entuthwane, noma indle yamakati. Okhilimu abenziwe bafika kamuva futhi bafaka i-thallium, into enobuthi engamunca isikhumba. Izingozi zalawa khilimu bezibandakanya ukulimala kwesikhumba unomphela, ukuhlanza, ukulimala kwezinzwa, ukudlikizela, ubumpumputhe, ikhoma nokufa.

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kwanezelwa i-electrolysis nama-X-ray endaweni yokugcina izikhali. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwe-X-ray kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngawo-1930, naphezu kobufakazi bokuthi kubangele izibazi, izilonda nomdlavuza. Abanye besifazane abangakwazanga ukususa ngokwanele izinwele zabo zomzimba noma abahlushwa imiphumela yamakhambi ahlulekile baholelwa ekuzibulaleni.

Ngo-1915, uGillette wethula insingo yokuphepha yabesifazane, ebizwa ngeMilady Décolleté, ukukhulisa imakethe yayo. UGillette ukhangise komagazini besifazane njenge Ama-Harpers Bazaar , ememezela "isidingo" sokwenza isikhumba “sibushelelezi,” kulokho uChristine Hope akubiza ngokuthi “Umkhankaso Omkhulu Wokulwa Nezikhali.” Igama elithi “ukushefa” alisetshenziswanga ekukhangiseni, ngoba ukushefa kwakuthathwa njengowesilisa. Ngawo-1920, njengoba kwakuvame ukuphuma ama-hemlines nezingubo ezingenamikhono, izinwele zemilenze nezomakhwapheni zabonakala kalula emphakathini, kwanda ingcindezi yokususa izinwele ezinjalo.

Kuphikisiwe ukuthi ngokususa iningi noma lonke izinwele zomzimba, abesifazane benziwa babukeke bengaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu mhlawumbe kukhuthaze ukuphathwa kwabesifazane njengabangaphansi kwabantu abadala ngokugcwele, njengoba nje baqala ukuthola amathuba amasha, kufaka phakathi ukuvota.

Emashumini amabili eminyaka alandelayo, amasheya ayejwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukumboza izinwele zemilenze, kepha aba ayindlala phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ngoba kwakudingeka usilika nenayiloni empini. Ukushefa imilenze kwabe sekudutshulwa ngendlela emangalisayo futhi kusukela lapho sekucishe kwatholakala kuyo yonke indawo phakathi kwabesifazane baseNtshonalanga. Ngo-1964, cishe abesifazane abangama-98% baseMelika abaneminyaka engu-15-55 baphuca imilenze yabo.

Lapho kutholakala ama-hormone, abanye odokotela baya ngqo emthonjeni "wenkinga," i-androgens uqobo. Isibonelo, odokotela ababili bahlinza ngokuhlinzwa ngokususa izindlala ze-adrenal "zentsikazi enentshebe" ngo-1946, ngoba babesola ukuthi izindlala zazifihla ama-androgens amaningi kakhulu. Ukuhlinzwa kwehlise ukukhula kwezinwele ebusweni kodwa kwandisa izinkinga zengqondo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokulahleka kwamanye amahomoni abalulekile akhiqizwa yilezi zindlala. Kusukela ngama-1970s, odokotela kwesinye isikhathi bebekhipha amakhemikhali acindezela i-androgen ukucindezela ukukhula kwezinwele zomzimba.

Ngawo-1990s, kwaduma nokususa izinwele zasesidlangalaleni, kaningi ngokufaka i-waxing, yize kwakubuhlungu. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, uhlobo oluthile lokufaka i-wax kwesinye isikhathi lwalusetshenziselwa ukususa izinwele, kepha i-waxing yanamuhla isebenzisa imikhiqizo emisha kaphethiloli imboni kawoyela ebingayilahla ngenye indlela. Imikhiqizo efana neNair inguqulo yesimanjemanje kokhilimu abazenzele emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, kepha badiliza izinwele besebenzisa izisekelo ezingaphansi kwe-lime.

Kusukela ngo-1995, kwavunywa ukususwa kwezinwele ze-laser ukuze kusetshenziswe futhi ngo-2005 kwenziwa izinqubo ezinjalo ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.5 e-U.S. Ama-laser ashisa amaseli anombala akhiqiza izintambo zezinwele, awapheka aze afe. Lokhu "charring" kungaba buhlungu ngendlela exakile, ngakho-ke odokotela bahlinzeka nge-Lidocaine (isibulali-zinhlungu sendawo) noma kwesinye isikhathi i-morphine, i-Valium, noma i-Demerol. Inqubo ngokuvamile idinga ukuphindwa kaningana ukuze ibe nomphumela ohlala njalo. Ukushisa kuvame ukulimaza isikhumba, kwesinye isikhathi kube unomphela, ikakhulukazi uma izinwele zilula noma isikhumba simnyama.

Umkhankaso weminyaka eyikhulu wokukhangisa wokwenza izinwele zomzimba ungabi ngowesifazane ube yimpumelelo emangalisayo. Namuhla, cishe abesifazane abangama-99% base-U.S. Basusa izinwele zomzimba. Esikhathini sonke sempilo, abesifazane abashefa basebenzisa cishe ama- $ 10,000 ekususeni izinwele nabesifazane abasebenzisa i-wax basebenzisa cishe ama- $ 23,000, kusukela ngo-2008. Abesifazane ngokujwayelekile bathi basusa izinwele zomzimba ngoba ziyanyanyisa futhi ukuzisusa kubenza bazizwe besifazane futhi bekhanga ngokwengeziwe.

Ukuntuleka kwezinwele zomzimba kuyingxenye yesimilo sobufazi abaningi abalwela ukukhuthazwa, kuthonywe ngamabhayisikobho, izikhangiso, nezithombe zocansi, kwesinye isikhathi ezisebenzisa izithombe ukuze zisuse izinwele ngamadijithi. Lezi zithombe ezingajwayelekile zisiza ukuhlela izifiso zethu zefomu lomzimba wethu. Ukuzama ukulingisa kungaba okungenangqondo futhi okungenampilo. Lezi zithombe zibonisa ukuthi umzimba ungabukeka kanjani uma ungenayo i-androgens. Kepha ama-androgens adlala izindima ezibalulekile emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kocansi lwethu. Ubufazi akufanele budinge ukuwina impi kuma-androgens.

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