UFreud Ukuyo Yonke Indawo

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• I-Freudian Psychology Essential Reads
• Iqiniso ngama-Orgasms wesitho sangasese sowesifazane

UFreud uvuselele ukuqonda nokwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Wakha umbono we-psychoanalytic wobuntu. Kepha ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukuguqule kakhulu ukuqonda kwethu ubuntu, imicabango namasiko. UFreud, njengoDarwin, uphazamise ubuthongo bomhlaba ngokuveza kuze kube manje amaqiniso angathandeki, kepha ayisisekelo, mayelana nesimo somuntu.

Iphikisiwe futhi yagxekwa, inkolelo kaFreudian isagcwele emasikweni nasezifundweni zaseNtshonalanga. I-neuroscience yanamuhla iqinisekisa ukuqonda kukaFreud ukuthi impilo eningi yengqondo yenzeka ngaphandle kokuqwashisa. Ukuthi inkanuko yobulili kanye nemikhuba enobudlova ayinakuhlukaniswa nomcabango wesenzo somuntu kuye kwavunywa jikelele.

Yize ngokungenakugwenywa kuncike entuthukweni eqhubekayo nokuguqulwa, ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kukaFreud ngokusebenza kwengqondo yomuntu kume nokuvivinywa kwesikhathi.

Ekuqaleni udokotela wezinzwa ocwaningayo, uFreud wanikela ngezifundo zoqobo zezobuchwepheshe ze-aphasia nengane yobuchopho bokukhubazeka. Kepha wayishiya kancane kancane i-neuropathology, enweba imizamo yakhe ezifundweni eziphelele zezimo zengqondo nezengqondo eziphazamise ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwabantu.

Isiphakamiso sokuqala sikaFreud kwakuwukuthi izimbangela zezimpawu ezingasebenzi kahle zengqondo (ama-neuroses) ezaziphazamisa ukusebenza komuntu okujwayelekile kwakuyimiphumela eqhubekayo eyingozi yokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukumezayo okwakucindezelwe kusukela ekuqwashisweni kokwazi kodwa kwaqhubeka nokulawula ukuziphatha komuntu, imizwa nokucabanga kwakhe.

Inkumbulo ecindezelwe yokuhlukumezeka ifana nomzimba wangaphandle obiyelwe ofana nezilonda zesifo sofuba. Lokhu kugxila ekuhlukumezeni kwengqondo nasemiphumeleni yayo yokungazi okuvezwe emcabangweni nasekuziphatheni komuntu kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa indlela yesayensi ekutadisheni ukwazi, yize isayensi yehluleka ngaleso sikhathi ukuxhuma ukwazi ngezakhiwo nemisebenzi yezinzwa.

UFreud, nokho, wabheka ngaphesheya kweziguli ezaqhubeka nokuhlushwa yimiphumela yokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukumezayo kwengqondo futhi waqaphela indima yendawo yonke yokungqubuzana okungazi lutho kanye nefantasy kubo bonke abantu.

Ikakhulu, wafakazela ukuthi amaphupho ezocansi nawolaka aphakathi kwezimpawu zomhlaba wonke zomzwelo, ukucabanga nokuziphatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunaba indlela yesayensi yokubangela nomphumela ekutadisheni lezi zinqumo zobuntu bomuntu, uFreud uphakamise ukuthi umshado wobulili womuntu uthonye impilo yengqondo ngokulandelana kwentuthuko. Ngokukhululekile ubhekise emkhankasweni wezocansi njengo "libido" kanye nemiphumela yokuhleleka kwengqondo "njengezigaba zokuthuthuka," athe wazichaza njengezigaba ze-libido zomlomo ezaziwayo manje. isandulela esidingekayo sokuthuthukiswa kwezinkolelo-mbono zanamuhla eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe zobuntu.

Umthelela omkhulu kaFreud awukhulanga nje kuphela ngobubanzi bezintshisekelo zakhe zethiyori kepha futhi nakububanzi bemithombo yakhe. Ubuhlakani bakhe babonakala ekuhlanganiseni kwakhe imithombo ehlukanisiwe, ehlukahlukene, futhi evame ukungahambelani.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, uthembele ekuzihlaziyeni kwakhe, ikakhulukazi okufezwe ngamaphupho nezinhlangano zamahhala, eqonda ngokuphelele ukuthi izinqubo zemilingo yabantu zikhona jikelele. Wabuye wafunda ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni zasendulo kanye nokuqonda okunembile kwabalobi abakhulu, izazi zefilosofi nabadwebi bezikhathi, izindawo namasiko ahlukene, isib. USophocles noShakespeare, uGoethe, noSchopenhauer, uDostoyevsky noDickens, uLeonardo noMichelangelo.

Ngesikhathi esemncane, uFreud wafunda isiYiddish nesiJalimane sabazali bakhe kanye neziqalo zezilimi zaseCzech zabanesi bakhe. Ngesikhathi esemusha wafunda isiNgisi ukufunda iShakespeare, neSpanishi ukufunda iCervantes. Imfundo kaFreud yamveza ekuxabaneni kokukhethekile nangokwemvelo olimini uqobo, okwathi kamuva wakusebenzisa ezifundweni zakhe zamaphupho.

UFreud wayeqonda ukulala namaphupho ngendlela ehluke kakhulu kunamasiko angaphambilini, njengeGrisi lasendulo. Ngokubona kwakhe, amaphupho aqhubeka nokuba ngumthombo wolwazi olubalulekile, kepha hhayi ulwazi lwezehlakalo ezizayo. KuFreud, amaphupho ahlinzeka ngolwazi lokuziqhenya ngokubamba kabusha okwedlule kwethu okude nokude.

UFreud uhlukaniswa phakathi kokuqukethwe kwe-manifest (ukwazi) nokufihlekile (okungazi lutho) kwamaphupho namaphupho emini. Unqume ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-manifest kwakhiwe, ukuzivikela, ukufihla okuqukethwe okungamukeleki kwamuva. Imibono yakhe ngokuzivikela ngokwengqondo, njengokuphika, ukucindezela, ukubuyela emuva, ukuqagela, ukuzihlukanisa, ukuhlehlisa, ukwakheka kokuphendula, nokubuyela emuva, yaba yingxenye yokuqonda okuvamile ("Intokazi iphikisana kakhulu" noShakespeare, I-Hamlet ). Okuqukethwe okufihlekile kwamaphupho okubandakanya okungavunyelwe, imvamisa kungokobulili futhi kunolaka, amaphupho afiselekayo wobuntwana.

I-Freudian Psychology Essential Reads

Iqiniso ngama-Orgasms wesitho sangasese sowesifazane