I-Genetic Psychology: Iyini Futhi Yakhiwa Kanjani NguJean Piaget

-Delile

• I-genetic psychology ingenye yezindawo zocwaningo ezaphakanyiswa nguJean ìaget.
• I-genetic psychology: kuyini?
• UJean Piaget njengesethenjwa
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo yezofuzo
• Ukuthuthukiswa komcabango
• UPiaget waluqonda kanjani ulwazi?

I-genetic psychology ingenye yezindawo zocwaningo ezaphakanyiswa nguJean ìaget.

Igama lesayensi yokusebenza kwezakhi zofuzo kungenzeka lingaziwa kwabaningi, futhi ngaphezu kokukodwa kuzokwenza ukuthi ucabange ngezakhi zofuzo zokuziphatha, noma ngabe, njengoba kwaklanywa nguPiaget, lo mkhakha wokufunda ngokwengqondo awuhlangene nakancane nofuzo.

I-genetic psychology igxile ekutholeni nasekuchazeni uhlobo lomcabango womuntu kuyo yonke intuthuko komuntu. Ake sihlolisise lo mqondo ongezansi.

I-genetic psychology: kuyini?

I-genetic psychology yinkambu yezengqondo ebhekele ukuphenya izinqubo zokucabanga, ukwakheka kwazo nezici zazo. Zama ukubona ukuthi imisebenzi yengqondo ikhula kanjani kusukela ebuntwaneni, bese ubheka izincazelo ezinengqondo zazo. Le nsimu yezengqondo yathuthukiswa ngenxa yeminikelo kaJean Piaget, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseSwitzerland esibaluleke kakhulu phakathi nekhulu lama-20, ikakhulukazi maqondana nenkqubo yokwakha.

UPiaget, ngokombono wakhe we-constructivist, ubhale ukuthi zonke izinqubo zokucabanga nezimpawu zomqondo ngazinye zezici ezakhiwa impilo yonke. Izici ezingaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwesitayela esithile sokucabanga nolwazi oluhambisanayo nobuhlakani kungaba, ngokuyisisekelo, noma yiliphi ithonya langaphandle umuntu alitholayo ngesikhathi esaphila.

Kungenzeka ukuthi igama elithi psychology psychology lidukise licabange ukuthi linokuthintana nokucwaninga ngezakhi zofuzo kanye ne-DNA iyonke; noma kunjalo, kungashiwo ukuthi lo mkhakha wokutadisha awuhlangene kakhulu nefa lezinto eziphilayo. Le psychology iyizakhi zofuzo njengoba injalo ikhuluma ngohlobo lwezinqubo zengqondo, okungukuthi, nini, kanjani futhi kungani imicabango yabantu yakhiwa.

UJean Piaget njengesethenjwa

Njengoba sesibonile, umuntu omelele kakhulu emcabangweni we-psychology psychology ngumuntu kaJean Piaget, obhekwa, ikakhulukazi kwezengqondo ezithuthukisayo, ongomunye wochwepheshe bezengqondo abanethonya kunabo bonke, kanye noFreud. futhi Skinner.

UPiaget, ngemuva kokuthola iziqu zobudokotela kwi-biology, waqala ukujula kwezengqondo, engaphansi kokuqeqeshwa nguCarl Jung no-Eugen Bleuler. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, waqala ukusebenza njengothisha esikoleni eFrance, lapho ahlangana khona mathupha nendlela izingane ezazithuthuka ngayo ngokomqondo, okwaholela ekutheni aqale izifundo zakhe kwezengqondo ezithuthukisayo.

Ngenkathi elapho, waba nentshisekelo yokuqonda ukuthi izinqubo zokucabanga zazakhiwa kanjani kusukela ebuntwaneni bokuqala, ngaphezu kokuba nentshisekelo kukho ngokubona ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezazenzeka kuye ngokuthi ingane yayikusiphi isigaba nokuthi lokhu kungathinta kanjani, isikhathi eside, ebusheni babo nasebudaleni babo.

Yize izifundo zakhe zokuqala kwakuyinto engazange ibonwe kakhulu, kusukela ngeminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha lapho aqala ukuthola ukuvelela okukhulu ngaphakathi kwesayensi yokuziphatha futhi, ikakhulukazi kwezengqondo ezithuthukisayo.

UPiaget wayefuna ukwazi ukuthi ulwazi lwakhiwa kanjani futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukuthi ludlula kanjani kusuka olwazini olufanele lwezinsana, lapho izincazelo ezilula zigcwele khona futhi zikude okuncane ukusuka 'lapha namanje', kuya kolukhuni kakhulu, njengomuntu omdala, lokho kucabanga okungabonakali kunendawo.

Lo dokotela wezengqondo wayengeyena umakhi kusukela ekuqaleni. Lapho eqala ucwaningo lwakhe, wavezwa amathonya amaningi. UJung noBreuler, abafundiswe ngaphansi kwakhe, babesondelene kakhulu ne-psychoanalysis kanye nemibono ye-eugenic, ngenkathi ukuthambekela okujwayelekile ocwaningweni kwakuyi-empiricist ne-rationalist, kwesinye isikhathi yayiseduze nokuziphatha. Kodwa-ke, uPiaget wayazi ukuthi angakuthola kanjani okwakungcono kakhulu kwegatsha ngalinye, ethatha isikhundla sohlobo lokusebenzisana.

I-Behavioral psychology, eholwa nguBurrhus Frederic Skinner, ibiyindlela yamanje evikelwe kakhulu yilabo abazame, ngokombono wesayensi, ukuchaza indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu. Ukuziphatha okunamandla kakhulu kuvikele lobo buntu namandla engqondo ancike ngendlela efanelekile ezintweni ezingaphandle umuntu adalulwe kuzo.

Yize uPiaget awuvikela lo mbono ngokwengxenye, yena futhi kubhekwe nezici zokuhleleka. Ama-rationalists abheka ukuthi umthombo wolwazi ususelwa esizathwini sethu, nokuyinto engaphakathi kakhulu kunalokho okwakuvikelwa ngabaphenyi futhi yilokho okwenza sihumushe umhlaba ngendlela eguquguqukayo kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, uPiaget wakhetha umbono lapho ahlanganisa khona kokubili ukubaluleka kwezici zangaphandle zomuntu kanye nesizathu sakhe namandla akhe okuqonda phakathi kokufanele kufundwe, ngaphezu kwendlela leso sifunda esifunda ngayo.

UPiaget wakuqonda ukuthi imvelo iyimbangela enkulu yokuthuthuka kwengqondo ngakunye, kodwa-ke, nendlela umuntu asebenzisana ngayo naleyo ndawo nayo ibalulekile, okwenza ukuthi bagcine sebethuthukisa ulwazi olusha olusha.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo yezofuzo

Lapho umbono wakhe wokusebenzisana phakathi komqondo ususunguliwe, okwagcina kuguqulwe kwaba ukwakhiwa kwePiagetian njengoba kuqondakala namuhla, UPiaget wenza ucwaningo ukuze acacise ngokuqonde ngqo ukuthi kwakukuthini ukukhula kwezingane ngengqondo.

Ekuqaleni, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseSwitzerland saqoqa idatha ngendlela efanayo nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani ocwaningweni lwendabuko oluthe xaxa, kodwa-ke akazange akuthande lokhu, ngenxa yalesi sizathu wakhetha ukusungula eyakhe indlela yokuphenya izingane. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona ukubonwa kwemvelo, ukuhlolwa kwamacala emitholampilo, kanye ne-psychometry.

Njengoba ekuqaleni wayexhumana ne-psychoanalysis, ngesikhathi sakhe njengomcwaningi wayengenakukugwema ukusebenzisa amasu ajwayelekile alesi sikhathi sokusebenza kwengqondo; kodwa-ke, kamuva wabona ukuthi indlela ye-psychoanalytic incane kangakanani.

Endleleni yakhe ezama ukuqonda ukuthi umcabango womuntu wenziwa kanjani kuyo yonke intuthuko futhi ecacisa ngokuqhubekayo lokho ayekuqonda njenge-psychology psychology, uPiaget wabhala incwadi lapho azama khona ukuthwebula okutholakele ngakunye futhi aveze indlela engcono yokubhekana nocwaningo lokuthuthuka kwengqondo. ebuntwaneni: Ulimi nokucabanga ezinganeni ezincane .

Ukuthuthukiswa komcabango

Ngaphakathi kwengqondo yezofuzo, nasesandleni sikaPiaget, ezinye izigaba zokukhula kwengqondo ziye zaphakanyiswa, okusivumela ukuba siqonde ukuvela kwezakhiwo zengqondo zezingane.

Lezi zigaba yilezo ezizayo, esizobhekana nazo ngokukhulu ukushesha futhi sigqamise ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo zengqondo ezigqamayo kuzo zonke zazo.

UPiaget waluqonda kanjani ulwazi?

KuPiaget, ulwazi akusona isimo esimile, kepha inqubo esebenzayo. Umuntu ozama ukwazi udaba oluthile noma isici seqiniso uyashintsha ngokuya ngalokho azama ukukwazi. Lokho wukuthi, kunokuxhumana phakathi kwesihloko nolwazi.

I-Empiricism ivikele umbono ophambene ne-Piagetian. Abaphathimandla babanga ukuthi ulwazi kunalokho yisimo sokungenzi lutho, lapho isihloko sifaka khona ulwazi oluvela kokuhlangenwe nakho okunengqondo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungenelela eduze kwakhe ukuthola lolu lwazi olusha.

Kodwa-ke, umbono we-empiricist awukuvumeli ukuchaza ngendlela ethembekile ukuthi uhlobo lokucabanga nolwazi olusha lwenzeka kanjani empilweni yangempela. Isibonelo salokhu esinaso nesayensi, esiqhubeka njalo. Ayikwenzi lokho ngokubuka umhlaba nje, kepha ngokucabanga, ukulungisa izimpikiswano nezindlela zokuhlola, ezahluka ngokuya ngokutholakele okwenziwayo.