Ngabe Abaholi Babhekana Kanjani Nokuphazamiseka? Yenza Amamephu Amasha

-Delile

• Ukuvuselelwa Kwe-Renaissance on Mapping New Worlds
• Isikhathi Sokuvuselela Ukulandisa Kwethu
• I-Cartography njenge-Imperative Yokuncintisana

Umhlaba njalo yenza umqondo. Kepha akwenzi mqondo ngaso sonke isikhathi kuthina . Lokho esikubonayo kuya ngokuthi sikubheka kanjani. Isimanga, ingqikithi engaguquguquki kulezi zinsuku ku-C-suite, kuwuphawu lokuthi noma yimuphi umbono ebesikade siwusebenzisa ukubona umhlaba awusasikhombisi izinto njengoba zinjalo.

Yilapho umhlaba uyeka ukwenza umqondo kithi lapho sidinga khona imephu entsha yomhlaba, ukulandisa okusha okumela kangcono iqiniso. Kodwa ukuqhamuka neyodwa, nokuyenza inamathele, akulula. Cabanga ngalokhu: Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1500, uCopernicus wasifundisa ukuthi uMhlaba uzungeza ilanga — hhayi enye indlela. Siphile nalokhu kuqonda iminyaka engama-500. Kungani-ke sisabuthana eValentino Pier eBrooklyn, sizobuka “ukushona kwelanga”?

Iqiniso — njengoba noma yisiphi isithombe somzuzu ofanayo sisuka esibhakabhakeni singacacisa - yi “earthspin” Thina, hhayi ilanga, sihamba esibhakabhakeni ukuze siguqule imini ibe sebusuku. Kepha lelo qiniso elilula, elinamakhulu eminyaka lingakangeni kulimi lwethu. Akukangeni ekucabangeni kwethu. Konke "ukuphuma kwelanga" kanye "nokushona kwelanga" kufanele kube yisikhumbuzo esinamandla sokuthi ukulandisa kwethu kwansuku zonke kungashintsha futhi kuphazamise ikhono lethu lokubona izinto njengoba zinjalo.

“Amamephu” ethu omhlaba akhona ikakhulukazi olimini, noma ekulandiseni, esikusebenzisela ukuhlela imibono nezingqinamba. Amagama ngamamephu wengqondo abiwe esiwasebenzisayo ukuzulazula emhlabeni. Abaholi abacwile isu lobuciko lakudala bangangabaza amandla wamamephu engqondo, noma ukulandisa, ukwakha ukuqonda kwethu izimboni, izinkinga, noma okubaluleke kakhulu. Kepha cabanga ukuthi ukuphindaphindwa kolwazi kwehlise kanjani amandla abaholi okuzwakalisa umhlaba kubo, kuvame ukubaphoqa ukuba babe abathengi bezindaba zabanye abantu. Isibonelo, singakhuluma "ngokuthikamezeka" ezimbonini zethu ngoba lokho kuyindaba edluliswayo — kepha lokho esikushoyo uma sikusebenzisa kuhlala kuyindida kithi nakwabanye. Kanjalo nezenzo ezilandelayo.

Ukwenza imephu (noma imephu- ukulungisa kabusha ) ngumsebenzi obalulekile lapho uhola inhlangano ngezikhathi zenguquko esheshayo. Ezikhathini ezinjalo, abaholi kufanele baphenye njalo futhi bavuselele ukulandisa lapho inhlangano yabo ihamba khona. Uma kungenjalo, amamephu ake ahola inhlangano esikhundleni salokho ayibamba ekubukekeni komhlaba okuphelelwe yisikhathi. Bafihla futhi bahlanekezele, kunokuba badalule, izindlela ezingaphambili.

Uma, noma kunjalo, abaholi bekhetha ukulandisa kwenhlangano futhi babuyekeze amamephu abo engqondo, izinhlangano zabo zizohlonyiswa kangcono ukuguquka kanye nezwe eliguquka ngokushesha elibazungezile. Ukwenza imephu okunjalo kuqondanisa ukwahlulela kwabantu nokuqonda kahle kakhulu kwangaphandle ngezindlela ezikhiqiza imibuzo engcono nokwenza izinqumo; isiza ukukhomba ukungafani okumbelwe ngokujulile phakathi kwenhlangano nemvelo yayo; ingaguqula ngamandla izindlela zokuziphatha ezabiwe zabasebenzi.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwe-Renaissance on Mapping New Worlds

Kwezinye izikhathi zenguquko esheshayo, ikhono lokwenza amamephu amasha (okungukuthi, ukulandisa okusha) kwehlukanisa labo abazivumelanisa ngempumelelo nemicimbi - futhi babumba - kulabo ababekhubazekile ngejubane loshintsho. Thatha i-Renaissance, umzuzu ofanayo wenguquko oqhutshwa "ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke" (ohambweni lokutholwa) kanye no "digitization" (umshini wokunyathelisa kaGutenberg). Abantu babone kanjani manje - ukulandisa kwabo - kwaqhuba ukuguqulwa kwabo futhi kwahola ukuguqulwa kwabo. Ake sibheke izindaba ezintathu ezibuyekeziwe ezisize ukuchaza leso sikhathi sokutholwa noshintsho.

Kusuka kumamephu we-Flat kuya kuma-Globes. Abakhi bokuqala bombuso we-Atlantic abaphumelelayo, iSpain nePortugal, basuka ekumodeliseni umhlaba njengamabhanoyi baya ekumodeliseni njengendilinga hhayi ngoba ngokuzumayo bathola ukuthi umhlaba uyindilinga (iYurophu yayikwazi lokho kusukela ngesikhathi seGrisi yasendulo), kepha kwaba ngcono ngeso lengqondo imibuzo ebalulekile yebhizinisi. Izilwandle eziya empumalanga nasentshonalanga yeYurophu zombili ziye zafakazelwa ukuthi ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngomkhumbi, kwathi ngo-1494 iSivumelwano SaseTordesillas sadweba umugqa owodwa omile (ngokusebenzisa lokho manje okuyiBrazil) ukwahlukanisa izindawo ezingale kweYurophu phakathi kwala mazwe womabili. Konke okwakusempumalanga yomugqa kwakungekaPortugal; izindawo ezisentshonalanga kwakungezaseSpain. Kepha insimu kabani lapho iSpice Islands (namuhla i-Indonesia, kolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba) yayilele kukabani? Futhi iyiphi indlela, empumalanga noma entshonalanga, eyayiyindlela emfushane yokufika lapho? Ukubona ngeso lengqondo uMhlaba uyindilinga kwasiza ukucacisa — futhi kuphendule — leyo mibuzo yamasu.

Kusuka Kobungcwele Kube Kobuciko Obuphefumulelwe. Ubuciko bangeNkathi Ephakathi babuyisicaba futhi buwumthetho. Inhloso yalo eyinhloko kwakungokwenkolo — ukuxoxa indaba engcwele. Ukukopela kwaba yinto evamile; Ukuqamba izinto ezintsha kwakungahloniphi. Ukusungulwa kombono oqondile (okukhombisa ukujula etendeni eliyisicaba ngokudweba izinto ezikude kakhulu), kanye nolwazi olusha ku-anatomy nakwisayensi yemvelo, kwakungekho kubuciko baseYurophu kwaze kwaba yilapho uBrunelleschi, uMichelangelo, da Vinci, nabanye bebaqinisekisa ngaphakathi okusha okulandisayo: Umsebenzi womdwebi kwakuwukuthwebula isiqeshana sendalo kaNkulunkulu njengoba ayibona. Laba baculi baduma ngemisebenzi eyethula imibono efana nokuphila, eyangempela kanye neyezwe.

Kusuka Kubukhazikhazi Kuya KumaMakethe. UJohannes Gutenberg, owasungula umshini wokunyathelisa ngawo-1450, waqeda impilo yakhe. Kungani? Ngenxa yokuthi izincwadi zazingezokunethezeka — zazisetshenziswa kwabambalwa, ezaziphethwe abambalwa kakhulu — futhi ezomnotho zomshini wokunyathelisa kaGutenberg zazinengqondo kuphela uma kubhalwa imibhalo emikhulu. UGutenberg wazabalaza ukuthola izincwadi ezazifuna ukwenziwa ngobuningi. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuphrinta busize ekushintsheni imibono yabantu mayelana nezincwadi nenjongo abangayifeza. Ngawo-1520s, lapho uMartin Luther eyalela bonke abantu ukuba bafunde iBhayibheli njengendlela yokunakekela imiphefumulo yabo, izincwadi zase ziba yindlela entsha lapho imibono ifinyelela izethameli zabantu abaningi. Ngempela, iBhayibheli selinyathelisiwe izikhathi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha futhi kubalwa.

Isikhathi Sokuvuselela Ukulandisa Kwethu

Ukuze uhambisane nezwe eliguquka ngokushesha, abantu baseYurophu ngesikhathi se-Renaissance baphinde bavuselela amabalazwe abo amaningi engqondo. Namuhla, iningi lethu lidinga ukwenziwa kabusha, futhi. Nazi izibonelo ezintathu zokulandisa / amamephu aphelelwe yisikhathi okusetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla okubuyekezwa kwawo kungasheshisa ikhono lezinhlangano lokuzivumelanisa nokuveza ubuciko.

Kusuka Ingqalasizinda Kuya Kokwakhiwa Kwesakhiwo. Yini ingqalasizinda? Ngempela, yisakhiwo esilele ngezansi. Igama elithi "ingqalasizinda" ngesiNgisi lisukela eminyakeni yama-1880s, kuya kunguquko yesibili yezimboni (okungukuthi, ukufika kokukhiqizwa ngobuningi). Indlela leli gama osekusetshenziswe ngayo isikhathi eside ikhombisa imboni ezinzile, ehlala unomphela, futhi engaguquki — into eyisisekelo somsebenzi omatasa womphakathi nowezomnotho okwenzeka phezu kwawo. Lokho kwakungukulandisa okunembile, kanye. Umqondo bekungukuthi abakhi / ama-opharetha / abakhiqizi bezinsiza ezisebenza ngobuningi (njengama-grid kagesi) behlukanisiwe nabasebenzisi.

Kepha lokho kuphambene nokuthi ikusasa liyachazwa namuhla — ngabaphathi bakagesi, amanzi, ezokuthutha, nezinye izimboni — zamamodeli ebhizinisi asebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphakathi naphakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokuthengiselana. Ngokwandayo, ingqalasizinda ithathwa njengeplatifomu, okuthi — njengamapulatifomu emnothweni wedijithali — ifiphaze ukwahlukana phakathi kwabakhiqizi nabasebenzisi, futhi inike amandla ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kungalindelwe ngokuphelele abakhi benethiwekhi. Uma konke lokho izikhulu ezikhethiwe, abathengi, noma abasebenzi bazi ngomkhakha othile ukuthi ubandakanya "ingqalasizinda," lapho-ke abanakho ukuqaphela ukuthi bangaba umlingani omuhle kulezi zinguquko.

"I-Interstructure" ibamba kakhulu amamodeli avela kulezi zimboni. Ama-grid kagesi ahlakaniphile anika amandla amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye ukudala, ukuhweba, nokulamula ugesi ngezinto zabo zokukhiqiza nokugcina ezinamathiselwe kunethiwekhi. Abanikazi bamalungelo ezindlela, kusukela kuzinsiza zamanzi kuya ezinkampanini zesitimela, bangavumela ukugeleza kwezimoto ezizimele nama-drones emizileni yokuhamba yangasese engangqubuzani nomgwaqo womphakathi. Abanikazi bezindawo ezibonakalayo zazo zonke izinhlobo, kusuka ezindaweni zokupaka kuya ezinqolobaneni kuya kumagumbi aphezulu, kuzokwenza ukuthi ukugeleza kwempahla okuzimele kuhambisane nokuhlinzeka ngeziza zokubonisa kanye nokufaka kabusha amasayithi.

Ukusuka Kumakhenikha Kuya Ekucabangeni Okuphilayo. Njengoba uDanny Hillis echaza ku Ijenali Yezokwakha Nesayensi , "UkuKhanyiselwa kufile, phila isikhathi eside ukubanjwa." I-Age of Enlightenment ibonakaliswe ngokulingana nangokuqagela. Kwakuyizwe lapho ubudlelwano obuyimbangela babubonakala, umthetho kaMorey wawungakasheshisi ijubane lezinguquko, futhi izinhlelo zezomnotho nezenhlalo zazingakahlangani kahle. Kepha manje, ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe nezesayensi kanye nokwanda kwembulunga yonke, umhlaba unezinhlelo eziningana ezinkulu nezincane eziyinkimbinkimbi eziguquguqukayo, ezibambeke kakhulu. Ngenkathi besikwazi ukusebenzisa ukulandisa komugqa nobunyoninco ukuchaza umhlaba, manje sesidinga ukulandisa okukhuthazwe yizinhlelo zemvelo nezinye. Ukucabanga kwezinto eziphilayo akuyona into eqondile. Esikhundleni salokho, njengoba uMartin Reeves nabanye bebhalile, kuyaxaka. Igxila ekuhlolweni kunokulawula inqubo yokukhiqiza umphumela othile.

Kusuka Ekuzenzekelayo Kuya Ekukhulisweni. Ucwaningo oluningi lwezinkampani nezinqubomgomo maqondana nobuhlakani bokufakelwa kanye "nekusasa lomsebenzi" kugxile kokuzenzakalela — ukushintshwa kwabasebenzi kanye nokwazi ngemishini. Izifundo eziningi zibika ukuhlukahluka kokulandisa okufanayo: Cishe uhhafu wayo yonke imisebenzi emnothweni othuthukile ungasetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalela ngo-2050, uma kungenjalo ngaphambili.

Le dichotomy egqamile yomuntu-kuqhathaniswa nemishini inika izindawo eziningi eziyimpumputhe futhi inganaki ubukhulu obubalulekile, njengokusakazeka kwezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zemiphumela kanye nemiphumela yenethiwekhi ebangelwe ukubambeka kwabo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, yeqa isikhala samathuba esithembisa kakhulu sebhizinisi nakuyo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi: isikhombimsebenzisi somshini womuntu.

Indaba yokwengezwa, esikhundleni se-automation, imema abaholi bebhizinisi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo, abacwaningi, kanye nabasebenzi ukuthi banake kakhulu le ndawo ephakathi.Izinkampani nomphakathi badinga ukudala ukulandisa okugxile emandleni we-AI ukushintsha isikali sereferensi semisebenzi eminingana, imvamisa ngama-oda amaningi wobukhulu. Isibonelo esihle ukwenza ngezifiso. Imikhiqizo esebenzisa i-AI nedatha ephathelene nokuhamba ingasuka emashumini noma emakhulwini kuya emakhulwini ezinkulungwane zamakhasimende futhi ibone ukwanda kwemali engenayo ngamaphesenti ayi-6 kuye kwayi-10, iphindwe kabili kuya kathathu ngokushesha kunaleyo engasebenzisi leli khono.

I-Amazon iyisibonelo esihle se-AI njengomthombo wokwengezwa kunokuba i-automation nje. Le nkampani, engomunye wabasebenzisi abakhulu be-AI namarobhothi (ezikhungweni zayo zokugcwaliseka, inani lamarobhothi lakhula lisuka ku-1,400 ngo-2014 laya ku-45,000 ngo-2016), laphindeka kabili abasebenzi balo eminyakeni emithathu edlule futhi lilindele ukuqasha abanye abayi-100,000 abasebenzi ngonyaka ozayo (iningi labo lisezikhungweni zokugcwalisa).

Iqiniso ukuthi sidinga ukulandisa okusikhuthaza ukuthi sikhiqize okuningi ngezinsizakusebenza ezitholakalayo (zabasebenzi) ngokusebenzisa i-AI nobuchwepheshe, hhayi obheka umdlalo ophelele wokwandisa izindleko zabasebenzi noma ngabe zikhona.

Ukulandisa kokwengeza akukhawulelwe kumikhiqizo nezinqubo; kuthinta nobuchwepheshe nokuphathwa. Njengoba nje kusho ukuthi ukuba ngudokotela kuzokwakhiwa kabusha ngokufinyelela ezigidini zamarekhodi nokufundwa kwemishini, ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba ngumphathi nokuphatha inhlangano kuzoshintsha kakhulu. Umkhuba wamanje wokubeka phansi izinqumo kuzobuye kuchazwe kabusha futhi kusheshiswe njengoba izinqumo ziya ngokuya zisekelwa yi-AI nedatha, "okwengeza" abathatha izinqumo nokuvumela amathuluzi amasha okuphatha nezinhlaka ezintsha zenhlangano.

I-Cartography njenge-Imperative Yokuncintisana

Kuningi osekuvele kubhaliwe ngenani elikhulu lemininingwane nolwazi manje olutholakalela abaphathi. Okuvame ukushoda kule ngxoxo ukuthi inselelo enkulu ayilele ekubeni nemininingwane eminingi (ubuchopho bethu buhlala bugcwala ngolwazi oluningi kunalokho esingakwazi ukukucubungula), kepha kulwazi oluchichimayo olwenzeka lapho singenalo uhlaka olufanele lokwenza uzamcolo unenjongo.

Ukwenza imephu kuyingxenye ebalulekile, kepha enganakwa kakhulu, yokuzivumelanisa noshintsho olusheshayo. Njengoba isibonelo esiseNew York ekushoneni kwelanga sisikhombisa, ukulandisa nolimi kungasibamba ngempela emibonweni ephelelwe yisikhathi yomhlaba. Kumele sazi ngamamephu wethu engqondo, futhi sidwebe kabusha labo abadinga ukusungulwa kabusha, uma sifuna umhlaba ube nengqondo kithi futhi. Kuphoqelekile ukuba ubuholi bezinkampani, futhi kube ngumphakathi.

Njengoba amaphesenti angama-73 ama-CEO abona ushintsho olusheshayo lwezobuchwepheshe njengenye yezinkinga zawo ezibalulekile (kusuka kumaphesenti angama-64 ngonyaka odlule), futhi kubalulekile ukuncintisana. Ukwenziwa kwemephu okuqaphelayo kusisiza ukuba sivumelane nezinguquko, kodwa futhi kuyayishayela. Eminyakeni engamakhulu amahlanu emuva koKuvuselelwa, sikhumbula uColumbus, uMichelangelo, uBrunelleschi, uDa Vinci, nabanye ngoba amamephu abo achaza indawo lapho iminyaka yabo ihlola khona. Uhambo lwanamuhla lokutholwa nalo lwembula izwe elisha kithina. Amamephu amasha, ukulandisa okusha, kuzovela futhi kuchaze ukuthi sikuqonda kanjani. Uma singazidali, omunye umuntu unjalo.