I-Stem Cell Innovation Inokucwaninga Okuthuthukile Kwe-Neuroscience

Esinye sezici zokubamba ekutadisheni ubuchopho bomuntu ukuba namandla okwenza ucwaningo ngezicubu zomqondo womuntu ezisebenzayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izifundo eziningi zesayensi zenziwa kumagundane njengommeleli we-mammalian. Okudonsela emuva kule ndlela ukuthi amagundane obuchopho ahlukile ngesakhiwo nokusebenza. NgokukaJohns Hopkins, ngokwesakhiwo, ubuchopho bomuntu bucishe bube ngamaphesenti angama-30 ama-neurons nama-glia angama-70%, kanti ubuchopho begundane bunenani eliphikisayo [1]. Abaphenyi be-MIT bathole ukuthi ama-dendrites ezinzwa zomuntu aphatha amasiginali kagesi ngokuhlukile kunama-rodent neurons [2]. Enye indlela entsha ukukhulisa izicubu zobuchopho bomuntu usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-stem cell.

Amaseli esiqu ngamaseli angaziwa akhipha amaseli ahlukanisiwe. Kutholakale kwakamuva okusukela eminyakeni yama-80s. Amaseli ama-embryonic stem atholwa okokuqala ngo-1981 nguSir Martin Evans waseCardiff University, e-UK, wabe ese-University of Cambridge, ngo-2007 uNobel Laureate kwezokwelapha [3].

Ngo-1998, kwehlukaniswa amaseli ama-embryonic stem cell akhuliswa elebhu nguJames Thomson waseYunivesithi yaseWisconsin eMadison noJohn Gearhart waseJohns Hopkins University eBaltimore [4].

Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kamuva, uShinya Yamanaka waseKyoto University eJapan wathola indlela yokuguqula amangqamuzana esikhumba amagundane abe amaseli ama-pluripotent stem asebenzisa igciwane ukwethula izakhi zofuzo ezine [5]. Amaseli we-Pluripotent stem anamandla okukhula abe ezinye izinhlobo zamaseli. U-Yamanaka, kanye noJohn B. Gurdon, bawine iNobel Prize in Physiology noma Medicine 2012 ngokuthola ukuthi amangqamuzana avuthiwe angaphinde ahlelwe kabusha abe yi-pluripotent [6]. Lo mqondo waziwa njengamaseli we-stem pluripotent, noma ama-iPSC.

Ngo-2013, ithimba labacwaningi baseYurophu, eliholwa nguMadeline Lancaster noJuergen Knoblich, lenza i-cerebral organoid enezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D) isebenzisa ama-stem cell ama-pluripotent womuntu “akhule aba cishe ngamamilimitha amane ngosayizi futhi angaphila isikhathi eside izinyanga eziyishumi . [7]. ” Lokhu kube yintuthuko enkulu njengoba amamodeli wangaphambilini we-neuron akhuliswa ku-2D.

Muva nje, ngo-Okthoba 2018, iqembu lososayensi abaholwa yiTufts lakhulisa imodeli ye-3D yezicubu zobuchopho bomuntu ezazikhombisa ukusebenza okuzenzekelayo kwe-neural okungenani izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye. Ucwaningo lushicilelwe ngo-Okthoba 2018 ku I-ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, iphephabhuku leAmerican Chemical Society [8].

Kusukela ekutholeni kokuqala kwama-stem cells kumagundane kuya kumamodeli akhulayo e-3D womuntu amanethiwekhi avela kumaseli we-pluripotent stem ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-40, ijubane lokuthuthuka kwesayensi liye labonakala. Lezi zinhlobo ze-3D izicubu zobuchopho bomuntu zingasiza ukuqhubekisela phambili ucwaningo ekutholeni ukwelashwa okusha kwe-Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, muscular dystrophy, isithuthwane, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ALS noma isifo sikaLou Gehrig), nezinye izifo eziningi nokuphazamiseka kobuchopho. Amathuluzi asetshenziswa yi-neuroscience ukwenza ucwaningo aguqukela ekubeni yinkimbinkimbi, futhi ama-stem cells adlala indima ebalulekile ekusheshiseni inqubekelaphambili ukuzuzisa isintu.

Copyright © 2018 Cami Rosso Wonke Amalungelo Agodliwe.

2. URosso, uCami. “Kungani Ubuchopho Bomuntu Bukhombisa Ukuhlakanipha Okuphakeme?” Psychology Namuhla. Okthoba 19, 2018.

3. ICardiff University. "USir Martin Evans, uNobel Prize in Medicine." Ibuyiswe ngomhla ka-23 Okthoba 2018 kusuka ku-http: //www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/honours-and-awards/nobel-laureates/sir-martin-evans

4. Ukubukwa Kwenhliziyo. "Umugqa wesikhathi we-Stem Cell." 2015 Ephreli-Juni. Ibuyiswe ngo-10-23-2018 kusuka ku-https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4485209/#

5. UScudellari, uMegan. "Ukuthi amaseli e-iPS awushintshe kanjani umhlaba." Imvelo. 15 Juni 2016.

6. Umklomelo KaNobel (2012-10-08). “Umklomelo kaNobel Physiology noma Medicine 2012 [Isitatimende sephephandaba]. Ibuyiswe ngomhla ka-23 Okthoba 2018 kusuka ku-https: //www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2012/press-release/

7. URojahn, uSusan Young. “Ososayensi Bakhulisa Izicubu Zobuchopho Bomuntu Ezingu-3-D.” Ukubuyekezwa kweMIT Technology. Agasti 28, 2013.

1. UCantley, uWilliam L .; UDu, uChuang; ULomoio, Selene; UDePalma, uThomas; Peirent, Emily; EKleinknecht, eDominic; Hunter, uMartin; UTang-Schomer, uMin D.; UTesco, uGiuseppina; UKaplan, uDavid L. ” Amamodeli asebenzayo futhi asimeme e-3D Human Neural Network Models avela kuma-Pluripotent Stem Cell. ”I-ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, iphephabhuku leAmerican Chemical Society. Okthoba 1, 2018.