Ezingqondweni Zabanye

Abantu ezikhathini zobuntu kudala bakugcina ukuthi okwakudala kwenganekwane kukulungele, futhi kubalulekile emfundweni yezakhamizi. Encwadini yakhe yakamuva, Hhayi ngenzuzo, UMartha Nussbaum uthatha le ngqikithi futhi aphikise ukuthi ubuntu bubalulekile entandweni yeningi.

UNussbaum uyazisola ngezinqubomgomo lapho kubekwa khona imfundo yamabanga aphezulu neyunivesithi kuphela ekukhuliseni umkhiqizo wezomnotho. Uthi le nkambiso iyimbi, nokuthi uhlangothi olulodwa luyingozi. Ubuntu bubalulekile emiphakathini yentando yeningi ngoba isisiza ukuba siqonde futhi sihloniphe abanye abantu, futhi sibe nozwela kubo.

Ingcaphuno yami engiyithandayo kulolu daba nguMarcel Proust owabhala ngo-1927:

Kungobuciko bokubhala kuphela lapho singaphunyuka khona uqobo lwethu futhi sazi umbono womunye emhlabeni, ongafani nowethu, futhi oqukethe ukubukwa kwamathafa abengase ahlale engaziwa njenganoma iyiphi enyangeni (Ukubuyela emuva kwe-Temps, amakhasi 257-258 ukuhumusha kwami).

Kudinge i-psychology ukuguqula lo mbono oyinselele ube yi-hypothesis yesayensi bese uyibeka esivivinyweni. Amalungu eqembu locwaningo engiyingxenye yalo (okubandakanya uRaymond Mar noMaja Djikic) bathole ukuthi abantu abafunda izinganekwane eziningi banokuqonda okungcono kwabanye. Ucwaningo lwethu luqale emcabangweni wami wokuthi imisebenzi yezinganekwane ukulingisa okusebenza ezingqondweni, ukuzilingisa ngokwakho emhlabeni wezenhlalo. Njengoba nje abantu abafunda ukundiza izindiza bengathuthukisa amakhono abo ngokuchitha isikhathi endizeni yezindiza ngakho-ke, sicabanga ukuthi, isikhathi esiningi abantu abasichitha befunda izinganekwane kungcono kakhulu lapho bebezoqonda abanye (Oatley, 2008). Manje sesiphothule izifundo ezimbili zokuxhumana nabantu abadala lapho silinganise inani lokufunda elenziwa ngabantu, sabe silinganisa ukuzwelana kwabo nokuqonda kwabo abanye, ososayensi bezengqondo abathuthukayo abakubiza ngokuthatha umbono noma ngethiyori-yengqondo (Mar et al. , 2006; Mar et al., 2009). Sinqabile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi le miphumela ibangelwe abantu ababenobuntu obuthile noma amakhono angcono kwezenhlalo abathanda ukufunda izindaba eziqanjiwe eziningi. Ubudlelwano obuqinile buhlala ngisho nalapho silawula ukwehluka komuntu ngamunye kwabafundi. Muva nje uMar et al. (2010) benze ucwaningo ezinganeni zasenkulisa futhi bathola ukuthi izindaba eziningi abazifundele zona, kanye nama-movie amaningi abawabukayo, kuthuthukisa imicabango yabo, nokuthi ukubukela ithelevishini akunamphumela onenzuzo onjalo. UMar (2007) futhi wenze ucwaningo lokuhlola kubantu abadala, olukhombisa ukucabanga okuphezulu kwezenhlalo, kepha hhayi ukucubungula okuhlaziya, ngemuva kokufunda indaba emfushane ngokuqhathaniswa nendatshana engeyona eqanjiwe. Muva nje (ngo-2011, emaphephandabeni) wenze ukuhlaziywa kwamanani amaningi kwemiphumela ye-fMRI eqinisekisa ukuhlangana phakathi kwamanethiwekhi obuchopho abandakanyeka ekuqondeni ezinye izingqondo nalabo ababambe iqhaza ekuqondeni ukulandisa.

Izimpikiswano ezenziwe ngokubaluleka kokufunda izindaba eziqanjiwe nokubona imidlalo enenzuzo namafilimu akuyona nje imigomo eqinisekisiwe. Zingaguqulwa zibe imicabango engahlolwa. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukufunda izinganekwane kuhlotshaniswa nomqondo ongcono wengqondo nokuzwela okukhulu kwabanye. Ukufundisa umphakathi ngenhloso yokukhiqiza kwezomnotho kubalulekile. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo emphakathini wentando yeningi ngokweqiniso yimibono yokungenzeleli nobulungiswa encike ekutheni sikwazi ukucabanga nokuzizwa singena ezingqondweni zabanye.

UMar, R. A. (2007). Imibono esuselwa ekulingiseni yokuqonda okulandisayo: Ubufakazi nemiphumela. Ithisisi ye-PhD, University of Toronto.
UMar, R. (2011). Izisekelo ze-neural zokuqonda komphakathi nokuqonda kwezindaba. Ukubuyekezwa Kwaminyaka Yonke KwePsychology, Cindezela.
UMar, R. A., Oatley, K., Hirsh, J., dela Paz, J., & Peterson, J. B. (2006). Ama-Bookworms kuqhathaniswa nama-nerds: Ukuvezwa kokuqanjiwe kuqhathaniswa non-fiction, izinhlangano ezihlukanisayo nekhono lezenhlalo, kanye nokulingiswa komhlaba wezenhlalo oqanjiwe. Ijenali Yocwaningo Kubuntu, 40, 694-712.
UMar, R. A., Oatley, K., & Peterson, J. B. (2009). Ukuhlola ukuxhumana phakathi kokufunda inganekwane nozwelo: Ukulawula umehluko phakathi komuntu ngamunye nokuhlola imiphumela. Ezokuxhumana I-European Journal of Communication, 34, 407-428.
UMar, R. A., Tackett, J. L., & Moore, C. (2010). Ukuvezwa kokuthuthuka kwemidiya kanye nethiyori-yengqondo ezinganeni zasenkulisa. Ukuthuthukiswa Kokuqonda, 25, 69-78.
UNussbaum, M. C. (2010). Hhayi ukwenza inzuzo: Kungani intando yeningi idinga ubuntu. IPrinceton, NJ: IPrinceton University Press.
U-Oatley, K. (2008). I-simulator yendiza yengqondo. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, i-21, 1030-1032.
UProust, M. (1954). Izikhathi zokubuyela emuva. EParis: IGallimard (Ushicilelo loqobo 1927).

Isithombe: Ukubukeka kwenyanga enyangeni