UMary Parker Follett: I-Biography Yale Nhlangano Yezengqondo Yenhlangano

-Delile

• Lo mcwaningi wayeyiphayona ekuphathweni nasekuxazululeni izingxabano.
• I-biography kaMary Parker Follet: iphayona ekuhlelweni kwengqondo kwengqondo
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwezemfundo eRadcliffe College
• Ukungenelela komphakathi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemikhakha eyahlukene
• Imisebenzi eyinhloko
• 1. Amandla nethonya kwezepolitiki
• 2. Inqubo yokuhlanganisa
• 3. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokudala
• 4. Ukulungiswa kwezingxabano

Lo mcwaningi wayeyiphayona ekuphathweni nasekuxazululeni izingxabano.

UMary Parker Follet (1868-1933) wayengudokotela wezengqondo ophayona emibonweni yobuholi, yezingxoxo, yamandla, neyengxabano. Wabuye wenza imisebenzi eminingi ngentando yeningi futhi waziwa njengomama "wabaphathi" noma abaphathi banamuhla.

Kulesi sihloko sizobona umlando omfushane kaMary Parker Follet, okuphila kwakhe kusivumela ukuthi sakhe ikhefu eliphindwe kabili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, siphula inkolelo yokuthi isayikholoji yenziwe ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane, kanti kolunye, lokho kobudlelwano bezimboni kanye nokuphathwa kwezepolitiki okwenziwe ngabesilisa kuphela.

I-biography kaMary Parker Follet: iphayona ekuhlelweni kwengqondo kwengqondo

UMary Parket Follet wazalwa ngo-1868 emndenini wamaProthestani eMassachusetts, e-United States. Lapho eneminyaka eyi-12, waqala ukuqeqeshwa kwezemfundo eThayer Academy, okuyisikhala esasisanda kuvulelwa abesifazane kepha esakhiwa ngenhloso yokukhuthaza imfundo ikakhulukazi yabesilisa besilisa.

Ethonywe uthisha nomngani wakhe u-Anna Bouton Thompson, uParker Follet wakha intshisekelo ekhethekile ekutadisheni nasekusebenziseni izindlela zesayensi ocwaningweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, yakha ifilosofi yayo ngemigomo okufanele izinkampani ziyilandele esimweni senhlalo okwamanje.

Ngalezi zimiso, wanaka kakhulu izindaba ezifana nokuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yabasebenzi, ukulinganisa ukusebenza komuntu ngamunye nokuhlanganyela, nokukhuthaza ukusebenzisana.

Namuhla okwamuva kubonakala kucace bha, yize kungacatshangwa njalo. Kepha, ngokuzungeza kweTaylorism (ukuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kunqubo yokukhiqiza, okuholela ekuhlukanisweni kwabasebenzi), kanye nemihlangano yamaketanga amaFordist asetshenzisiwe ezinhlanganweni (ukubeka phambili ubuchwepheshe bezisebenzi namaketanga omhlangano avumela ukukhiqiza okuningi isikhathi esincane), imibono kaMary Parker kanye nokuguqulwa kabusha okwenziwe yi-Taylorism uqobo zazintsha kakhulu.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwezemfundo eRadcliffe College

UMary Parker Follet wasungulwa ku- "Annex" yaseHarvard University (kamuva eyaba yiRadcliffe College), okwakuyisikhala esakhiwe yiyunivesithi efanayo futhi esenzelwe abafundi besifazane, azibonwanga njengezikwazi ukuthola ukwamukelwa kwezemfundo ezisemthethweni. Abakutholile, nokho, kwakungamakilasi nothisha abafundisa abafana. Kulesi simo, uMary Parker wahlangana, phakathi kwezinye izifundiswa, uWilliam James, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo nesazi sefilosofi esinethonya elikhulu kwi-pragmatism kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo.

Lesi sakamuva sasifuna ukuthi i-psychology ibe nayo isicelo esisebenzayo sempilo nokuxazulula izinkinga, eyamukelwa kahle kakhulu endaweni yebhizinisi kanye nasekuphathweni kwezimboni, futhi yasebenza njengethonya elikhulu emibonweni kaMary Parker.

Ukungenelela komphakathi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemikhakha eyahlukene

Abesifazane abaningi, yize beqeqeshwe njengabacwaningi nososayensi, bathole amathuba amaningi futhi angcono okuthuthuka kobungcweti ku-psychology esebenzayo. Kwakunjalo ngoba izikhala lapho okwenziwa khona i-psychology yokuhlola zazigcinelwe abesilisa kuphela, ababeyizindawo ezinobutha kubo. Inqubo ethi ukwehlukaniswa phakathi kwemiphumela yayo kwaba kancane kancane ihlanganisa i-psychology esetshenzisiwe kumanani abesifazane, kamuva yadicilelwa phansi ngaphambi kweminye imikhakha ehlotshaniswa nezindinganiso zobudoda futhi yathathwa “njengesayensi ethe xaxa”.

Ukusuka ngo-1900, nangeminyaka engama-25, uMary Parker Follet wayesebenza emphakathini ezindaweni zokuhlalisana eBoston, phakathi kwezinye izindawo ababamba iqhaza kwiRoxbury Debate Club, indawo lapho kwaqeqeshwa khona abantu abasha ezombusazwe umongo wokubandlululwa okubalulekile kubantu bokufika.

Umcabango kaMary Parker Follet wawunomlingiswa oyisisekelo semikhakha eyahlukene, lapho akwazi khona ukuhlanganisa nokuxoxisana ngemisinga ehlukene, kokubili kusuka kwezengqondo nakwezokuhlalisana kwabantu nefilosofi. Kusukela kulokhu wakwazi ukuthuthukisa eziningi imisebenzi emisha ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo senhlangano, kepha futhi nasemibonweni ephathelene nentando yeningi. Lesi sakamuva samvumela ukuthi asebenze njengomeluleki obalulekile kuzo zombili izikhungo zenhlalo nezomnotho, osopolitiki nosomabhizinisi. Kodwa-ke, futhi ngenxa yokuncipha kwengqondo ethe xaxa, lokhu kuhlukahlukana kwemigwaqo nakho kwadala ubunzima obuhlukahlukene ukuthi buthathwe noma baziwe “njengochwepheshe wezengqondo”.

Imisebenzi eyinhloko

Imibono eyenziwe nguMary Parker Follet ibilokhu ikhona yaba neqhaza ekusunguleni imigomo eminingana yokuphathwa kwanamuhla. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, imibono yakhe yahlukanisa phakathi kwamandla "nge" namandla "phezu"; ukubamba iqhaza nomthelela emaqenjini; kanye nendlela yokudidiyela yezingxoxo, zonke zithathwe kamuva yingxenye enhle yombono wenhlangano.

Ngemivimbo ebanzi sizothuthukisa ingxenye encane yemisebenzi kaMary Parker Follet.

1. Amandla nethonya kwezepolitiki

Ngokomongo ofanayo weRadcliffe College, uMary Parker Follett waqeqeshwa emlandweni nakwisayensi yezepolitiki kanye no-Albert Bushnell Hart, owathatha kuye ulwazi olukhulu ekuthuthukiseni ucwaningo lwesayensi. Wathweswa iziqu ze-summa cum laude eRadcliffe futhi wabhala ithisisi elanconywa ngisho nangaphambilini nguMongameli wase-United States uTheodore Roosevelt ngokucabangela umsebenzi wokuhlaziya kaMary Parker Foller ngamasu wokukhuluma we-US Congress okubalulekile.

Kule misebenzi wenza ucwaningo ngokucophelela ngezinqubo zomthetho nezindlela ezisebenzayo zamandla nethonya, ngokwenza amarekhodi amaseshini, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemibhalo nezingxoxo zomuntu siqu nabongameli be-United States House of Representatives . . Izithelo zalo msebenzi incwadi enesihloko esithi USomlomo weNdlu yabamele (elihunyushwe njengoSomlomo weCongress).

2. Inqubo yokuhlanganisa

Kwenye yezincwadi zakhe, iThe New State: Group Organisation, okwakuyizithelo zesipiliyoni sakhe nomsebenzi womphakathi, uParker Follet uvikele ukwakhiwa "kwenqubo yokuhlanganisa" eyayikwazi ukuxhasa uhulumeni wentando yeningi ngaphandle kwemikhakha yezokuphatha.

Uphinde wavikela ukuthi ukwahlukana phakathi komuntu nomphakathi akuyona nje into eqanjiwe, okudingeka ngayo ukuthi kufundwe "amaqembu" hhayi "uquqaba", kanye nokufuna ukuhlanganiswa komehluko. Ngale ndlela, yena ixhase umcabango "wezombusazwe" ofaka phakathi nomuntu uqobo, yingakho kungathathwa njengomunye wabanduleli bamafilosofi ezombusazwe abesifazane besikhathi samanje (Domínguez & García, 2005).

3. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokudala

ICreative Experience, kusukela ngo-1924, ingenye yezinye zakhe eziphambili. Kulokhu, uyaqonda "isipiliyoni sokudala" njengendlela yokubamba iqhaza ebeka umzamo wakhe ekudaleni, lapho ukuhlangana nokubhekana nezintshisekelo ezahlukahlukene nakho kubalulekile. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uFollett uchaza ukuthi isimilo asibona ubudlelwano bokuthi "indikimba" esebenza "kwento" noma okuphambene nalokho (umqondo awubheka njengodingekile ukuthi awulahle), kodwa kunalokho iqoqo lemisebenzi etholakalayo futhi ehambisanayo.

Ukusuka lapho, wahlaziya izinqubo zethonya kwezenhlalo, wagxeka ukwehlukana okubukhali phakathi "kokucabanga" kanye "nokwenza" okusetshenziselwa izinqubo zokuqinisekisa umbono. Inqubo evame ukunganakwa lapho kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-hypothesis ngokwayo isivele idala ithonya ekuqinisekisweni kwayo. Uphinde wangabaza izinqubo eziqondile zokuxazulula izinkinga eziphakanyiswe yisikole se-pragmatism.

4. Ukulungiswa kwezingxabano

UDomínguez noGarcía (2005) bakhomba izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile eziveza inkulumo kaFollet mayelana nokuxazululwa kwezingxabano futhi emele umhlahlandlela omusha womhlaba wonke wezinhlangano: ngakolunye uhlangothi, umqondo wokusebenzisana wezingxabano, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiphakamiso sokulawulwa kwengxabano ngokuhlanganiswa.

Yile ndlela izinqubo zokuhlanganisa eziphakanyiswe nguParker Follet, kanye nomehluko awusungula phakathi kwe- "power-with" ne- "power-over", okuyizinto ezimbili eziphikisanayo ezifanele kakhulu emibhalweni ehlukene esetshenziswa emhlabeni wenhlangano wanamuhla, we isibonelo, umbono we "win-win" wokuxazulula izingxabano noma ukubaluleka kokwaziwa nokwazisa ukwehlukahlukana.