Ukuzindla Ngokucabanga Kunikeza Ukukhululeka Kobuhlungu Ngaphandle Kwama-opioid

-Delile

• Ubuhlungu obungapheli Nezidakamizwa Ze-Opioid Zonakalisa Impilo YaseMelika
• Ukuzindla Ngengqondo Kunciphisa Ubuhlungu Ngaphandle Kokuncika Kuma-Opioid Receptors
• Ukucabangela Okufundwayo Okubalulekile
• Ukulalelisisa

Abalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-100 baseMelika bahlushwa ubuhlungu obungapheli ngezindleko ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama- $ 600 zokwelashwa minyaka yonke. Ngeshwa, ngokusho kombiko wakamuva we-NIH, ama-40% kuya kuma-70% abantu abanezinhlungu ezingapheli empeleni abakutholi ukwelashwa okufanelekile ngobuhlungu babo. Ezimweni lapho ama-opioid edingeka khona, kunokukhathazeka okukhulayo phakathi kochwepheshe mayelana nokwelashwa ngokweqile nangaphansi kwemithi yezinhlungu ezingapheli

Ngo-1991, odokotela baseMelika babhala imiyalo eyizigidi ezingama-76 yama-opioid ukwelapha ubuhlungu. Ngo-2012, leli nani lase lenyukele phezulu laya emiyalweni engama-259 yezigidi yama-opioid. Ama-80% ayo yonke imiyalo ye-opioid emhlabeni jikelele abhalwe e-United States. Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi ezinhlungu asuselwa kuma-opiate kule minyaka eyishumi edlule kudale izigidi zabantu abayimilutha ye-opioid. Abaningi balaba bantu baphendukela kwi-heroin lapho bengasakwazi ukugcwalisa imiyalo yabo noma ukuthenga amaphilisi ezinhlungu ezimakethe ezimnyama.

Ubuhlungu obungapheli Nezidakamizwa Ze-Opioid Zonakalisa Impilo YaseMelika

EMelika namuhla, ukweqisa izidakamizwa kubangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi kunezingozi zemoto. Ama-opioid afana ne-OxyContin neminye imithi yezinhlungu ibulala abantu ababalelwa ku-44 nsuku zonke. Ukufa kwe-heroin sekuphindwe kane kusukela ngo-2013 kudlule izimpilo zabantu abangu-8 260. Ochwepheshe baseCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bakubiza ngokuthi lesi sifo esiwumqedazwe esedlula zonke emlandweni wase-U.S.

Ngo-Mashi 15, 2016, i-CDC yakhipha imihlahlandlela emisha yabanakekeli bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo ababeka ama-opioid ezinhlungu ezingamahlalakhona ngaphandle kokwelapha umdlavuza osebenzayo, ukunakekelwa kokuthokomala, nokunakekelwa kokuphela kokuphila. Imihlahlandlela ye-CDC yokunquma ama-opioid ifingqiwe kuhlu lokuhlola olulula.

Yini esingayenza ukuze siphule lo mjikelezo wezinhlungu ezingapheli, umlutha, nokufa ngokweqile? Ngokusobala, azikho izixazululo ezilula. Lokho kusho ukuthi kubonakala sengathi njengengxenye yendlela enezindlela eziningi, ukuzindla kwengqondo kungaba yinto yokwelashwa engenazidakamizwa ebalulekile ukusiza abantu ukuba babhekane nobuhlungu obungapheli.

Ngenxa yokuthi izindlela ze-opioid nezingasebenzisi i-opioid zihlangana ngendlela ehambisanayo ukunciphisa izinhlungu, ucwaningo lwakamuva luphakamisa ukuthi inhlanganisela yamasu asekelwe emqondweni nasekhemisi, noma i-nonpharmacologic, amasu we-analgesic (angathembeli ekusayineni kwe-opioid) angaba yindlela ephumelelayo yokwelapha ubuhlungu bomzimba.

Ucwaningo olusha oluvela eWake Forest Baptist Medical Center luthole ukuthi ukuzindla ngokwengqondo kunganciphisa ubuhlungu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amasistimu we-opioid (okhiqizwayo) we-opoid okukholelwa ukuthi anciphisa ubuhlungu phakathi kwamasu asuselwa engqondweni njengokucabanga nokuzindla.

Uhlelo lwe-opioid olungapheli lucatshangwe ngokomlando njengehabhu eliphakathi lokudala ukukhululeka kobuhlungu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Uhlelo lwe-opioid olungapheli luzikhiqizela ama-opioid amathathu: i-beta-endorphin, i-met- ne-leu-enkephalins, nama-dynorphins.

Ama-opioid receptors afanayo ebuchosheni bethu aphendula kuwo womabili ama-opioid endogenous and exogenous. Ama-opioid endogen njengama-neurotransmitters kanye nama-neuromodulators kuma-receptors amathathu ahlukene ukukhiqiza ukukhululeka kobuhlungu be-analgesic. Ama-painkiller asuselwa kuma-opioid, aduna ama-opiate receptors ayedalelwe ama-opioid endogenous.

NgoNovemba 2015, ngabhala i- Psychology Namuhla okuthunyelwe kubhulogi, "I-Neuroscience Yokuzindla Ngengqondo Nokusizwa Kwezinhlungu," ebhekisa ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini nguFadel Zeidan, Ph.D., umsizi kaprofesa we-neurobiology kanye ne-anatomy eWake Forest Baptist Medical Center, kanye nozakwabo.

Esifundweni sabo sango-2015, uZeidan et al. ibike ukuthi ukuzindla kwengqondo kunciphisa ubuhlungu ngempumelelo kune-placebos ngokwenza izifunda ezimbili zobuchopho ezithile ezihambisana nokuzithiba bese kuvimbela i-thalamus.

Ukuzindla Ngengqondo Kunciphisa Ubuhlungu Ngaphandle Kokuncika Kuma-Opioid Receptors

Ucwaningo lwangoMashi 2016 lweWake Forest, oluthi “Relief-Meditation-Based Pain Pain Relief Is Not Mediated by Endogenous Opioids,” lushicilelwe namhlanje ku Ijenali yeNeuroscience. Lolu cwaningo lwakha ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lukaZeidan ngokukhomba lokho kuzindla kwengqondo akunjalo sebenzisa uhlelo lwe-opioid olungapheli ukunciphisa izinhlungu. Lokhu kutholakala okuthinta umhlaba.

Ukucabangela Okufundwayo Okubalulekile

Ukulalelisisa