Isimilo: Kuzuzeni?

Izinhlelo zokuziphatha kwabantu ekugcineni ziyizinto eziphilayo: zenziwa ubuchopho, futhi ubuchopho benziwa izindlela eziguqukela ekukhetheni okujwayelekile kwemvelo kukaDarwinian. Njengakho konke ukuguquguquka kwezinto eziphilayo (njengezinhliziyo, ama-uterus, nezandla), lezi zinqubo zixazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nokusinda nokuzala komuntu ngamunye. Ukwahlulela kokuziphatha kwabantu ngabanye kungabhekwa njengemikhiqizo eyinhloko, noma kungenjalo njengemikhiqizo ephuma eceleni, yalezi zinqubo. Ukunengeka ngokuhlangana nezihlobo zakho, isibonelo, mhlawumbe kungumkhiqizo oyinhloko (okungukuthi, umkhiqizo ukuziphendukela kwemvelo “obekuhlosiwe”) womshini owenzelwe ukugwema ukuzalanisa. Ukuthambekela kokulahla ukulinyazwa okungenamusa ezilwaneni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kuwumkhiqizo wezinqubo ezisebenza ngokuyinhloko ukunika uzwela kubantu, kanye nokukhangisa umusa womuntu kwabanye abantu. (Qaphela ukuthi ukuthatha isici njengomkhiqizo ohlukile kunomkhiqizo oyinhloko akusho lutho nhlobo ngenani lawo lomphakathi).

Okunye ukuguquguquka kwengqondo kokuziphatha okuhambisana nokuziphatha kuxazulula izinkinga ezikhona cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zabantu (ngokwesibonelo, inkinga yokugwema ukuzalanisa). Ezinye ziyizixazululo zezinkinga ezinzima kakhulu kwezinye izindawo kunezinye, futhi lokhu kuyisizathu esikhulu sokuthi kungani-ngaphandle kokuthi imvelo yomuntu ifana kakhulu ngokwesiko-ezinye izici zezinhlelo zokuziphatha ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kumasiko. Isibonelo, ezindaweni lapho ukutholakala kwezinsizakusebenza kuncike kakhulu empumelelweni yempi — njengasemiphakathini yezizwe ezisezintabeni iNew Guinea, noma amafence aseYurophu yangenkathi ephakathi — abantu maningi amathuba okuthi bavumele izimfanelo zempi ezinjengolaka nobungqabavu futhi ubugwala obubukela phansi.

Ukuzivumelanisa nabantu ngokwengqondo kungakha nezinhlelo zamanani ezintsha ezixazulula izinkinga ezinhlobonhlobo zezizinda eziguqukayo. Amanani akhuthaza uphenyo lwesayensi, ngokwesibonelo, asiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nokuziphilisa (isayensi yezolimo), ukusinda (imithi), ukuhweba (ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni), nezinye izizinda eziningi. Leli khono lomuntu lokuklama izinhlelo zokuziphatha ezintsha ngesinye isizathu esenza ukuthi isimilo sihlukahluka kuwo wonke amasiko, futhi abacwaningi abanjengo-biologist Richard Alexander kanye no-anthropologist uRobert Boyd baphakamise ukuthi lokhu kwehluka kwamasiko kungaholela kanjani ekuziphendukeleni kokuziphatha. Abantu baguqulwa ngokwemvelo ukuze bancintisane ngamaqembu, futhi inzuzo ebalulekile iqembu elilodwa elingaba nayo ngaphezu kwelinye uhlelo lokuziphatha olukhuthaza kangcono impumelelo yokuncintisana. Uma izici zohlelo lokuziphatha lomphakathi (njengamagugu athuthukisa inqubekela phambili yesayensi) lusizakala lowo mphakathi ekuncintisaneni kwamaqembu, uhlelo lokuziphatha lungathandwa "ngokukhethwa kweqembu lesiko" ( hhayi into efanayo nokukhethwa kwamaqembu emvelo, okuyinqubo lapho abantu beguquka ukuze bazuze amaqembu abo ngokungcolisa ukusinda kwabo kofuzo, futhi okubonakala kungadingekile njengencazelo ehlukile yokuziphatha komuntu; ngemininingwane bheka indatshana kaSteven Pinker noma ukubuyekezwa kwami ​​kwencwadi). Ngokomlando, amaqembu anezinqubo zokuziphatha ezinamandla athe xaxa athambekele ekuthatheni amaqembu anezinhlelo zokuziphatha ezibuthakathaka, futhi alingiswe ngamaqembu antekenteke afisa ukulingisa impumelelo yawo. Ngalezi zinqubo, izindlela zokuziphatha eziwinile zithambekele ekusakazekeni kokulahlekelwa yilawo.

Ngokwalo mbono, ukubethelwa komncintiswano wamaqembu adlala indima enkulu ekunqumeni ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokuziphatha ezichumayo nokuthi iziphi ezibhubhayo. Lo mbono awusho ukuthi kukhona okungaqiniseki ngokuziphatha: asikho isizathu nhlobo esivela ku-biology sokuthi lo mncintiswano kufanele ube nodlame (futhi empeleni, uPinker uphikisa ngokukholisayo encwadini yakhe yakamuva ukuthi isibe nodlame oluncane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi), futhi ayinabudlova, ikhiqizayo ukuncintisana kungaholela ekuphakameni kwegagasi lezinzuzo zesintu ngokubanzi. Okushiwo yilombono ukuthi isimilo kufanele singabi ngaphansi kwezinkulumo zothando, futhi ngaphezulu ngokwakha uhlelo lwenani oluzokwenza impumelelo yomphakathi ezweni eliguqukayo nelincintisanayo ingunaphakade.

(Uhlobo lwalesi sihloko luzovela njengekholamu yombhali "Yemvelo Yemithetho" kumagazini wasebhange Umgcini Womhlaba Wonke ).

Copyright Michael E. Inani 2012. Wonke Amalungelo Agodliwe.