Izifo ze-Neurodegenerative: Izinhlobo, Izimpawu Nezindlela Zokwelapha

-Delile

• Ukubuyekezwa kwezifo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-neurodegenerative nezimpawu zazo.
• Ziyini izifo ze-neurodegenerative?
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezifo ze-neurodegenerative
• 1. Isifo i-Alzheimer's
• 2. Isifo sikaParkinson
• 3. I-Multiple Sclerosis
• 4. I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• 5. I-chorea kaHuntington
• 6. I-ataxia kaFriedreich
• Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezingenayo i-neurodegenerative
• Izinkomba ze-Bibliographic

Ukubuyekezwa kwezifo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-neurodegenerative nezimpawu zazo.

Ake sicabange ngesifo esisethusa kakhulu. Mhlawumbe, abanye abantu baye bacabanga umdlavuza noma i-AIDS, kodwa abanye abaningi bakhethe i-Alzheimer's, noma esinye isifo lapho kukhona ukulahleka okuqhubekayo kwamakhono (ikakhulukazi kwengqondo, kodwa futhi nomzimba). Futhi umqondo wokulahlekelwa amandla ethu (ukungakwazi ukukhumbula, ukungakwazi ukuhamba, ukungazi ukuthi singobani noma sikuphi) kuyingxenye yamaphupho amabi kakhulu nokwesaba kwabaningi.

Ngeshwa, kwabanye abantu kungaphezu kokwesaba: kuyinto abayiphilayo noma abanethemba lokuyiphila kungekudala. Imayelana nabantu abahlushwa yizifo ze-neurodegenerative, umqondo esizokhuluma ngawo kulo lonke lesi sihloko.

Ziyini izifo ze-neurodegenerative?

Izifo ze-Neurodegenerative ziqondwa njengesethi yezifo nokuphazamiseka okubonakala ngokuba khona kwe-neurodegeneration, okungukuthi, ukwehla okuqhubekayo kuze kube sekufeni kwezinzwa lokho kuyingxenye yesistimu yethu yezinzwa.

Lokhu kufa kwe-neuronal kuvame ukuqhubekela phambili futhi kungaphenduki, kubangele uchungechunge lwemiphumela noma imiphumela yobukhali obuhlukahlukene obungasukela ekubeni nomphumela wezimpawu kuze kube kudala ukulahleka okuqhubekayo kwengqondo namandla / futhi kuholele nasekufeni (ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokuboshwa komzimba, esinye sezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokufa kulezi zinhlobo zezimo).

Izifo ze-Neurodegenerative zingenye zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu futhi ezifanele zokukhubazeka, ngoba i-neurodegeneration eqhubekayo izogcina ibangele imikhawulo yemisebenzi kanye nokungakwazi ukuqhubeka nokubhekana nezidingo zemvelo, edinga ukwesekwa kwangaphandle namazinga ahlukene osizo.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

Izimbangela zalolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka noma izifo zingaba ziningi, ngenani elikhulu lezici ezingathonya ukubukeka kwazo. Umsuka okukhulunywa ngawo uzoncika kakhulu kwisifo se-neurodegenerative esikhuluma ngaso. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi izimbangela ezithile zokubonakala kwalezi zifo azaziwa.

Phakathi kwezimbangela eziningi ezingasolwa ezinye zazo ezizaziyo, ezinye izimbangela zisezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane ezingakelapheki ezithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa, ubukhona bezinguquko ohlelweni lokuzivikela okuzenza zihlasele amaseli izingozi zomzimba, ukuhlukumezeka kanye / noma i-cerebrovascular (esimweni sokuwohloka komqondo kwe-vascular). Ukweqiwa kwezinto ezithile ezifana ne- Imizimba ye-Lewy, ama-beta-amyloid plaque noma ama-neurofibrillary tangles kuyabonakala nakwamanye ama-dementias, yize isizathu sokuvela kwawo singaziwa.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezifo ze-neurodegenerative

Kukhona inani elikhulu lezifo nokuphazamiseka okungadala ukonakala nokufa okulandelayo kwama-neurons ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa. Ukuwohloka komqondo nezifo ze-neuromuscular imvamisa zaziwa kakhulu futhi zivame kakhulu. Ngezansi singabona izibonelo zezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu ze-neurodegenerative.

1. Isifo i-Alzheimer's

Esinye sezifo ezaziwa kakhulu nge-neurodegenerative yisifo i-Alzheimer's, mhlawumbe inkinga eyisibonelo kakhulu futhi edlangile yalolu hlobo. Lesi sifo, esiqala kuma-lobes we-temporoparietal futhi kamuva sisakazeke ebuchosheni bonke, asinaso isizathu esaziwayo. Ikhiqiza ukuwohloka komqondo okubonakala nge ukulahleka okuqhubekayo kwamakhono engqondo, inkumbulo ingenye yezinto ezithinteke kakhulu kanye ne-aphasic-apraxo-agnosic syndrome ebonakala lapho kulahleka khona amakhono okukhuluma, okulandelana nokwenza ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuqashelwa okufana nobuso.

2. Isifo sikaParkinson

I-Parkinson ngesinye sezifo ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezivame kakhulu ze-neurodegenerative. Kuwo , ukonakala okuqhubekayo kwama-neurons we-substantia nigra futhi uhlelo lwe-nigrostriatal lwenzeka, luthinta ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-dopamine kule ndlela. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo kakhulu yilezo zohlobo lwemoto, ngokuhamba kancane, ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba futhi mhlawumbe uphawu olwaziwa kakhulu: ukuthuthumela kweparkinsonia ezimweni zokuphumula.

Ingagcina ikhiqiza ukuwohloka komqondo, lapho, ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu ezingenhla, kungabonakala ukugula, ukuwohloka kobuso, ukubambezeleka kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwememori nokunye ukuguqulwa.

3. I-Multiple Sclerosis

Isifo esingelapheki futhi esingalapheki okwamanje esenziwe ukudonswa phansi kombono okuqhubekayo kohlelo lwezinzwa ngenxa ye- ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba ngokumelene ne-myelin ehlanganisa ama-neurons. Kwenzeka ngesimo sokuqubuka okungahle kube khona izinga elithile lokululama, njengoba umzimba uzama ukulungisa ukulahleka kwe-myelin (yize okusha kuzobe kungazweli kakhulu futhi kungasebenzi). Ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuntuleka kokuxhumanisa, izinkinga ezibukwayo nobuhlungu ezinye zezinkinga ezizibangelayo, imvamisa ziqhubeka ngamandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Akubhekwa njengokufa futhi akunamthelela omkhulu esikhathini sokuphila.

4. I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ingesinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu ze-neuromuscular, ngokuba ngesinye sezifo ze-neurodegenerative ezixhumene nokuguqulwa nokufa kwama-motor neurons. Njengoba i-neurodegeneration iqhubeka, i-atrophy yemisipha kuze kube yilapho ukunyakaza kwabo ngokuzithandela kungenzeki. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungathinta imisipha yokuphefumula, enye yezimbangela ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila salabo abaphethwe yiso sinciphile kakhulu (yize kukhona okuhlukile, njengoStephen Hawking).

5. I-chorea kaHuntington

Lesi sifo esaziwa ngokuthi yi-Huntington's chorea sinjalo esinye sezifo ezaziwa kakhulu nge-neurodegenerative zemvelaphi yofuzo. Isifo sofuzo esidluliswa ngendlela evelele yokuzimela, sibonakala ngokuba khona kokushintshwa kwemoto, njengama-choreas noma ukunyakaza okwenziwe ukucindezela kwemisipha okungazibandakanyi, ukufuduka kwayo kufane nomdanso. Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zezimoto, njengoba isifo siqhubeka, ukuguqulwa kuvela emisebenzini ephezulu, inkumbulo, inkulumo kanye nobuntu.

Ukuba khona kwezilonda ezibalulekile zobuchopho kuyabonakala kuyo yonke intuthuko yayo, ikakhulukazi kwi-basal ganglia. Imvamisa iba nesibikezelo esibi, sinciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila salabo abaphethwe yiso futhi senze kube khona ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula.

6. I-ataxia kaFriedreich

Isifo sofuzo esiguqula uhlelo lwezinzwa ngokubandakanyeka kwama-neuron entanjeni yomgogodla nezinzwa ezilawula imikhawulo. Ubunzima obubonakalayo ukuxhumanisa ukunyakaza, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ubunzima bokukhuluma nokuhamba, nezinkinga zokuhamba kwamehlo. Ukudlondlobala kwalesi sifo kuvame ukwenza ukuthi labo abathintekile badinge usizo nokusetshenziswa kwezihlalo ezinamasondo. Kuvela kaningi kuhambisana nezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezingenayo i-neurodegenerative

Iningi lezifo ze-neurodegenerative azelapheki namuhla (yize kukhona okuhlukile, ngoba kokunye okubangelwa ukutheleleka i-ejenti elithathelwanayo lingasuswa). Kodwa-ke, kukhona izindlela zokwelapha ezihlose ukunciphisa ukukhula kwalezi zifo futhi zandise ukuzimela nokusebenza kwesiguli. Ngokuya ngecala elithile, izinqubo ezahlukene zokwelashwa nezokuhlinzwa zingasetshenziswa lokho kunganciphisa izimpawu zesifo noma imishanguzo ehlukile eyandisa ukusebenza kwesihloko.

Okokuqala, kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi ukuxilongwa okufanayo kuzoba yisilonda esinzima esigulini, kudale isikhathi sosizi kanye nezinkinga eziguqukayo ezisuselwe kuso. Ukukhathazeka nokudangala kungenzeka kuvele, futhi ngisho nokuphazamiseka okunamandla noma okulandela ngemuva kokuhlukumezeka kuya ngecala. Kulezi zimo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-psychotherapy kungadingeka, ukuvumelanisa isu kusimo ngasinye. Futhi hhayi kuphela esimweni sesiguli, kepha abanakekeli nabo bangathola lezi zinhlobo zezinkinga futhi badinga ukunakekelwa kochwepheshe.

I-Psychoeducation yazo zombili iziguli nemvelo maqondana nalesi sifo nemiphumela yaso kubalulekile, kusiza ekwehliseni izinga lokungaqiniseki abangaba nalo nokuhlinzeka ngezindlela namasu okuzivumelanisa nezimo.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuvuselelwa kwe-neuropsychological, ukwelashwa emsebenzini, i-physiotherapy kanye nokwelashwa kokukhuluma kuvamile njengengxenye yecebo lemikhakha eyahlukene yokwandisa nokwandisa ikhwalithi yempilo, umbuso, amandla nokuzimela kwesiguli. Futhi kuvamise ukugcina kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zangaphandle ezingasetshenziswa njengenxephezelo noma ukufaka esikhundleni samakhono alahlekile njengama-pictograms, ama-ajenda (okuthile okulula njengalokhu kungaba usizo olukhulu kubantu abanenkinga yememori nokuhlela ngokwesibonelo), visual izinsiza noma izindlela zokuhamba ezinjengezihlalo ezinamasondo eziguquliwe.

Izinkomba ze-Bibliographic