Ongesona isakhamuzi, hhayi umfokazi

Labo bafundi abaphila phakathi nawo-1980 bangazikhumbula lezi zingoma ezivela kumculo wengoma kaSting ethi "Englishman in New York":

O, ngingumfokazi, ngingumfokazi ngokomthetho
NgingumNgisi e-New York

Ngolimi lwabokufika eU.S., Noma imuphi umuntu ongesona isakhamuzi noma owesizwe “ungumfokazi,” noma ngabe ungumhlali noma ungeyena umhlali, owokufika noma ongeyena owokufika, futhi ubhalwe phansi noma akanazo izincwadi.

"Alien" emthethweni wezifiki

Ukusetshenziswa komfokazi emthethweni wezifiki sekuyisikhathi eside kube nempikiswano e-United States. Leli gama belikusichazamazwi esisemthethweni sikahulumeni kusukela ngo-1798, ngenkathi lisetshenziswa ku-Alien and Sedition Act. Le kwakuyimithetho eyayenza kube nzima ukuthi owokufika abe yisakhamuzi, futhi yavumela uhulumeni ukuba avale futhi adingise abantu abangezona izakhamizi ababethathwa njengabayingozi noma abanobutha.

Emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, "umfokazi" manje uhunyushwa njengokululaza nokuhlisa isithunzi abantu abaningi, ngakho-ke uMongameli omusha wase-United States uzama ukuguqula leli gama. Kumthethosivivinywa wokulungiswa kwabokufika uJoe Biden awuthumele kuCongress, ubhala ukuthi abaphathi abasha “baphinde babona iMelika njengesizwe sabokufika ngokushintsha igama elithi‘ alien ’libe‘ noncitizen ’emithethweni yethu yabokufika.”

Ngokuphathelene nokufuduka, umfokazi waphelelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe kudala, kufaka phakathi i-UK ne-Australia, ngenkathi eCanada kusetshenziswa igama elithi "owangaphandle". Ukushintsha “umfokazi” ufake “ongesona isakhamuzi” kuyindlela enembe kakhudlwana yokuchaza isimo somuntu sokufudukela kwelinye izwe, futhi naleyo engacasuli.

Kungani "umfokazi" ethathwa njengocasulayo?

Ngokunikezwa kokuchazwa kwayo kusiko elidumile, "umfokazi" uveza izithombe zamaUFO nezindawo ezingaphandle komhlaba; amadoda amancane aluhlaza anamehlo amnyama kakhulu nezimpondo emakhanda awo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi incazelo eqanjiwe yesayensi yowezizwe ngokuthi “hhayi yalo Mhlaba” noma “evela kwenye iplanethi” isha sha, futhi ihlehlela emuva maphakathi nawo-1900. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungumqondo obaluleke kunayo yonke wo "mfokazi" namuhla.

Amasauci okundiza eceleni, umfokazi angahlukanisa uma esetshenziswa lapho kubhekiswa kubantu. Yigama elisho "owezizwe" kanye "nomfokazi." Leli gama livela esiLatini alien , okusho ukuthi “owezinye izizwe, ongaziwa” nokuthi “owomunye umuntu, okungekona okwakhe.” Iphakamisa "umuntu wangaphandle" kanye nomuntu ongafaneleki noma ongekho emphakathini. Igama likhuthaza ukucwasana ngokobuhlanga, kanye nomqondo wokuthi "thina sibaqhathanisa nabo".

I-Alien esetshenziswa njengelebula iyabacwilisa abokufika. Yigama elinye eliveza umuntu ukuthi akahlukile nje kuphela, kepha futhi uyingozi, futhi mhlawumbe uyisitha. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, uhulumeni wase-U.S. Wethula imikhankaso yenkulumo-ze yokuqinisa ukwesekwa komphakathi ngesitha esivamile, kuyilapho izingqwembe zaleso sikhathi zazixwayisa abaqashi ngokuqasha “abafokazi,” zivusa imizwa yenzondo nokwesaba kubantu bokufika.

I-Alien nayo inezincazelo ezingezinhle ngoba ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuthuthela kwelinye izwe okungagunyaziwe ngenxa yebinzana elisetshenziswa kakhulu elithi "umfokazi ongekho emthethweni." Abasebenzi abangenawo amaphepha e-U.S. Bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi “abangekho emthethweni,” elinye igama elikhipha isithunzi futhi elihlukanisayo. Uma sicabanga ngomuntu "njengomuntu ongekho emthethweni" siyeke ukumbona njengomuntu ofuna impilo engcono, kunalokho sibabheke "njengesigebengu" esifanelwe ukuphathwa kabi.

Ezokuxhumana zakamuva ezivela kwaCustoms and Border Protection esikhundleni salokho zibize abafuduki ababanjwe "njengabantu ngabanye," njengokukhishwa okusha okwamemezela ukugcwala kwezindlu eLaredo, eTexas.

‘Abangezona izakhamizi,’ hhayi ‘abafokazi’

Kusukela kwamiswa uMongameli Biden, kube nokwehla okuphawulekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwe- "alien" ekukhishweni kwezindaba nasemibhalweni evela eMnyangweni Wezokuphepha Kwasekhaya. Lolu shintsho luphakamisa ukuthi lokhu kusetshenziswa kwe "alien" ekugcineni kungathatha umhlalaphansi, kushiye thina kuphela nabafokazi besayensi yezinganekwane namasiko we-pop. Lolu shintsho luphinde lukhombise ukuthi abaphathi abasha base-U.S. Babonisa umbono obekezelela umhlaba futhi oqhubekayo.

Ukuze uthole ingxoxo eyengeziwe, bheka incwadi yami Okucasulayo: Ubandlululo olimini olwedlule nolwamanje.