Ubuntu Nendawo Yokukhosela Ngesikhathi Sobhubhane

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• Ubuntu Obufundwayo Obubalulekile
• Iqiniso Ngokuphazamiseka Ubuntu

Ngemuva kobhadane lwe-COVID-19, abantu emazweni omhlaba baceliwe ukuthi bahlale emakhaya noma "bakhosele endaweni" ukusiza ukunqanda ukusabalala kwalesi sifo. Ukusebenza kwezinqubomgomo zokukhosela kuncike kakhulu ekuzimiseleni kwabantu ukubambisana.Ukuthi abantu bazimisele yini ukuhlala emakhaya kungaxhomeka ngokwengxenye ezintweni zangaphandle, ezinjengezinhlawulo zokungathobeli umthetho, kepha futhi nezimpawu zabo kanye nokuthambekela kwabo.

Ucwaningo lwamuva (Götz et al., 2020) luhlolisise umehluko ngamunye wokukhosela endaweni kusetshenziswa idatha eqoqwe ngasekupheleni kukaMashi nasekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli 2020 kusuka kubahlanganyeli abangu-101,005 emazweni angama-55. Ukuthola kwabo kukhombisile ukuthi ukukhosela endaweni kubonakala kungathonywanga izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezweni ngalinye kuphela kepha futhi nezici zobuntu zabantu. Okutholakele kukhanyisa ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezinomthelela ekuziphatheni. Ngokuqondile, bavivinya “umbono oqavile wesimo esinamandla” kodwa ongavunyelwe othi ubuntu bunethonya elibuthakathaka ekuziphatheni lapho kunemigomo ecacile yezenhlalo mayelana nendlela abantu okufanele baziphathe ngayo. Ngokwengeziwe, zinomthelela kumibono yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yokuthi izici ezithile zobuntu zinomthelela ekuziphatheni okuvikela izifo.

Ocwaningweni, ababambiqhaza babuzwa ukuthi balinganisele ukuthi bahlala malini ekhaya ngesonto eledlule, njengesilinganiso sokukhosela endaweni. Ngokwengeziwe, bazikala ngobuntu obaziwa kakhulu beBig Five bokuvuleleka kokuhlangenwe nakho, ukunakekela unembeza, ukuphikisa, ukuvumelana, kanye ne-neuroticism. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlole ukuqina kwezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni mayelana nokukhoseliswa okwakukhona ezweni ngalinye lababambiqhaza ngesikhathi benza ucwaningo. Ngokuqondile, izinga le-stringency libalwe ngokususelwa kuzinqubomgomo ezibandakanya okunye noma konke kokuvalwa kwezikole, ukuvalwa kwendawo yokusebenza, ukwesulwa kwemicimbi yomphakathi, ukumiswa kokuthuthwa komphakathi, ukuqaliswa komkhankaso wolwazi lomphakathi, imikhawulo ekuhambeni kwangaphakathi, nasekulawuleni ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe.

Njengoba bekulindelekile, ukuqina kwezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni kube nemithelela emikhulu ekukhoselweni kwabantu, okungukuthi, abantu ngokuvamile bebesethubeni lokuhlala emakhaya lapho kuphoqelelwa imigomo eqinile. Ngokwengeziwe, kube nemithelela ebalulekile kuzici ezinhlanu zobuntu. Ngokuqondile, abantu abanamazinga aphakeme okuvuleleka kokuhlangenwe nakho, i-neuroticism, ukuvumelana, kanye nonembeza babekwazi kakhulu ukukhosela endaweni, kuyilapho abantu abane-extraversion ephezulu babengenamathuba amancane okwenza lokho.

Kuzo zonke lezi zinto, i-stringency kahulumeni ibe nomthelela omkhulu kunayo yonke, elandelwa eduze ukuvuleleka kokuhlangenwe nakho nokudonswa ngamandla, nge-neuroticism, ukuvumelana, nonembeza onemiphumela ethile emincane. Ngaphezu kwemiphumela ngayinye yesici ngasinye, kube nemiphumela yokusebenzisana phakathi kokuvuleka ngakunye kokuzwa kanye ne-neuroticism kanye ne-stringency kahulumeni. Ngokuqondile, emazingeni aphezulu we-stringency kahulumeni, i-neuroticism ayibange isaba nomthelela, ukuze labo abanezinga eliphakeme nalabo abanamazinga aphansi we-neuroticism babe namathuba afanayo okuhlala ekhaya. Ukwengeza, emazingeni aphezulu kahulumeni we-stringency, umphumela wokuvuleleka kokuhlangenwe nakho waba buthakathaka ngandlela thile, ukuze kube khona umehluko omncane ekukhoseleni-phakathi kwalabo abaphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nabaphansi ekuvulekeni kokuzwa, yize umphumela usalokhu ubalulekile ngokwezibalo.

Iningi lale miphumela bekulindelwe, yize imiphumela yokuvuleleka kokuhlangenwe nakho bekunzima ukuyibikezela. Isibonelo, abantu abaphezulu kunembeza bavame ukukhathalela impilo, ukuthobela imithetho, nokuhlonipha igunya, ngakho-ke bangathanda ukuhlala ekhaya kunabantu abanonembeza omncane, abathambekele ekuthatheni izinto kalula, bazibeke engcupheni, futhi abathambekele ekulandeleni imithetho.

Ngokufanayo, labo abane-neuroticism ephezulu bathambekele ekukhathazekeni nasekuzweleni kunoma yini ebonwa njengosongo ekuphepheni kwabo, ngakho-ke besaba kakhulu ukugula kunabantu abazolile, abajwayele ukukhathazeka.

Abantu abaphezulu ekuvumeni bavame ukuba nesihawu futhi bakhathalele inhlalakahle yabanye, kanye nokuzivumelanisa ngokwengeziwe ngenhloso yokugcina ukuzwana emphakathini, ngakho-ke bazimisele ukuhlala ekhaya ngenxa yokucabangela inhlalakahle yomphakathi uma kuqhathaniswa nokungavumelani okuningi abantu abazicabangela bona ngokwengeziwe futhi abangacabangeli.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abasebenza ngokweqile bathambekele ekubeni nezinethiwekhi ezinkulu zenhlalo, baba nesithukuthezi kalula futhi babeke phambili kakhulu ekuzijabuliseni, ngakho-ke ngokwemvelo bayothola ukuhlala ekhaya isikhathi eside kungakhangi uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abagodliwe nabangenayo.

Ukuvuleleka kokuhlangenwe nakho, imiphumela iyathakazelisa: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abavuleke kakhulu bavame ukuba nokuzimisela okukhulu ukuphambuka ezinkambisweni zamasiko futhi bangaqapheli kakhulu ngokubeka engcupheni inoveli nezimo ezingajwayelekile, ezingadala ukuthi bazibandakanye nokuziphatha. lokho kwandisa ingozi yabo yokuchayeka kumagciwane. Empeleni, ucwaningo lwangaphambilini (Schaller & Murray, 2008) luthole ukuthi ezifundeni zomhlaba ebezikade zinamazinga aphezulu ezifo ezithathelwanayo, abantu bavame ukwehla ekuvuthweni nasekuvulekeni kokuzwa kunasezindaweni lapho izifo bezingandile khona. Ababhali bathi lokhu kungukuzivumelanisa nokuziphatha kwezifo ngoba abantu abaphezulu kakhulu bangaba nengozi eyengeziwe yokuchayeka kwezifo ngenxa yenhlalo yabo ephakeme, kanti abantu abanolwazi olukhululekile bangaba nengozi eyengeziwe ngenxa yokuzimisela kwabo ukwephula imithetho yamasiko akhona ukuvikela abantu ekungenweni yizifo. Ngokuphathelene nobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, ukuzimisela okuphansi kwabantu abasebenza kakhulu ukuhlala ekhaya kubonakala kuhambisana nale mbono, kepha umphumela ohlukile wokuvuleleka kokuhlangenwe nakho akuwenzi.

UGötz et al. cabanga ngezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani abantu abaphezulu ekuvulekeni ukuzwa ukuthi bangahle bazimisele kangakanani ukukhosela endaweni. UGötz et al. uphikise ngokuthi ukuvuleleka kokuhlangenwe nakho kuhlobene nemibono yobungozi enembe kakhudlwana. Lokhu bekuncike ocwaningweni oluthokozisayo lokubona ubungozi be-HIV (Trobst et al., 2000) oluthola ukuthi kubantu abahlanganyela ocansini ababonakala bezazi izinto eziyingozi zokuthola i-HIV, labo ababenolwazi oluphansi lokuphika banqaba ukuthi kukhona lalikhona noma yiliphi ithuba, ngisho nasesigidini esisodwa, sokuthi bangaze batheleleke nge-HIV, yize bevuma ukuthi baziphatha ngendlela eyingozi kwezocansi. UTrobst et al. kuphakanyiswe ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abangavulelekile ekuhlangenwe nakho kungenzeka bavinjelwe ekucabangeni kwabo ulwazi ngobungozi ngenxa yezindlela zabo zokucabanga eziqinile. Ngokwengeziwe, ukuvuleleka kokuhlangenwe nakho kuhlotshaniswa namandla okucabanga ngokusobala izimo, ezingavumela umuntu ukuthi alingise ngokwengqondo imiphumela yokuziphatha okuyingozi. Abantu abangavulelekile kungenzeka bangakwazi ukucabanga ukuthi bangasithola ngempela isifo.

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