Amandla Amandla, Ukuzethemba kanye ne-Himmicanes

I-Psychology ibe neshumi leminyaka elibi. Ukubhonga mayelana nokwethenjelwa nokuba semthethweni kwesayensi yezengqondo akuyona into entsha. Kodwa kusukela ngo-2011, bafika ezingeni lokushisa ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwendatshana kumagazini ohamba phambili ophakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ngabantu ukubikezela ikusasa. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-athikili ephephabhukwini eliphezulu elibukeziwe lontanga lesayensi yezengqondo yamemezela ukuthi umlingo ungokoqobo. Lokhu kuqale ukusesha okukhulu komphefumulo ngaphakathi kwenkambu. Uma ukutholwa okungenakwenzeka kungasinda ekubuyekezweni kontanga, zingaki ezinye iziphetho ezizwakalayo kodwa ezingamanga nazo ezazithatha isikhala kumajenali esayensi?

Kuyavela: okuningi. Mhlawumbe okutholwe yisayensi yezenhlalo okungu-50-66% esake sacabanga ukuthi kuyiqiniso kukhombisa ukuthi kunzima ukukuphindaphinda ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu. Ngisho nezifundo ezinkulu njengokuhlolwa kwejele laseStanford kanye nesifundo sikaMilgram sokulalela manje sekuza ngaphansi kombuzo obucayi. Ngeshwa, okuningi kwalokhu "okushisayo," okuvame ukutholwa okungekho emthethweni kukwenza izihloko zezindaba noma kuqondise nenqubomgomo yomphakathi yize kungamanga.

Incwadi entsha kaJesse Singal ithatha umfundi ohambweni lwesivunguvungu senkinga yokuphindaphindeka kwengqondo, ikakhulukazi egxile emibonweni ehehayo ethinte ukwazi komphakathi kepha, ekugcineni, yagcina ingamanga. Labo abajwayele inkinga yokuphindaphindeka kwengqondo bazothola ukuqoqwa okubonakalayo lapha: amandla, amandla, izethembiso eziningi zengqondo enhle, nempikiswano ephathelene ne-Implicit Association Test (IAT) yokubandlulula ngokobuhlanga. Kukhona okunye ukushaya okudala okungenzeka ukuthi abantu bakhohliwe ... ukunyakaza kokuzethemba kanye nokwesaba kokuziphatha phezu "kwabaqaphi" bezingane, kanye nezinkinga ezintsha njengokuqapha okungaba khona kwe- "nudges" njengokhiye wenqubomgomo yokushintsha kokuziphatha. Itimu eyisihluthulelo, kuzo zombili zalezi zimo, umphakathi jikelele nabenzi bezinqubomgomo bavame ukwamukela izethembiso zoshintsho olukhulu olususelwa emakhaleni alula angokwengqondo.

Ukulungiswa Okusheshayo ifundwe kahle, ibhalwe kahle ngesitayela esinempilo, futhi ihloselwe izethameli ezijwayelekile. Cishe kumnandi kakhulu ukufunda ngalezi zinkinga okokuqala, kepha noma njengesazi sezengqondo esazi kahle inkinga yokuphindaphindeka, kukhona ukudilika okujulile lapha ezindaweni eziningi ezibalulekile. USingal unobungcweti obuningi kulezi zindawo ... waba neqhaza elikhulu ekwaziseni izimpikiswano zezazi nge-IAT ikakhulukazi ... futhi kukhombisa ekubambeni kwakhe.

Isici esidumazayo ukubona ukuthi sonke sithathwa kalula kanjani yilezi zimfashini zengqondo ... amafeshini aqhamuka ocwaningweni lwezemfundo, ngizophawula, hhayi i-pop-psychib gibberish of the Amadoda Avela eMars ukuhlukahluka. Eminye, njengenhlangano yokuzethemba, yahlala nathi iminyaka, noma amashumi eminyaka, yakha ukwazi komphakathi ngokuziphatha kwabantu ngezindlela ezazingalungile neze. Kodwa-ke, yize sishisiwe, kulula kakhulu ukuthi siwele kulungiso olusheshayo olulandelayo uma selufikile. Empeleni, sibonakala silangazelela kakhulu ukulunywa umsindo nezimpendulo ezilula, ukulandisa okulula, nokuziphatha okuhle. Ngeshwa, abantu bayizilwane eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izindaba zethu zishintshiwe, ziphikisa ukulandisa okuhle. Singabheka emuva emibonweni engasile efana ne-Himmicanes (inkolelo yokuthi iziphepho ezibizwa ngabesilisa zenza umonakalo omncane ngoba abantu bazilungiselela kakhulu, bangazithathi ngokungathi sína iziphepho ezibizwa ngabesifazane) futhi bayagigitheka ... kepha asibonakali sifunda ngale ndlela ngempumelelo kakhulu.

Ukube benginokuhlambalaza okukodwa mayelana Ukulungisa Okusheshayo, ukuthi kunezikhathi lapho ezinye izifundiswa zivela khona, kepha indaba yazo ayitshelwanga ngokugcwele. Isibonelo, uRoy Baumeister unikezwa isikweletu ngokubandakanyeka kwakhe ekuphikiseni ukunyakaza kokuzethemba, futhi kunjalo. Kodwa-ke umbono wakhe we-Ego Depletion waba yisisulu senkinga yokuphindaphindeka. UBrian Nosek wenza ukubonakala kweqhawe (futhi kufanelekile) ngendima yakhe ekuvezeni ukuphindaphinda ekukhanyeni nasekuthuthukiseni izinqubo zesayensi evulekile yokwenza isayensi yezengqondo ibe lukhuni ngokwengeziwe. Wayebandakanyeka nasekwenzeni i-IAT, ukulimala kwendaba kaSingal. Ngisanda kukhuluma noDkt. Nosek ngemibono yakhe yamanje nge-IAT futhi, lapho eyibilisa ngokushesha, uveze ukuthi ukholelwa ukuthi iseyithuluzi elibalulekile lezemfundo, kepha ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa okwahlukahluka okugxile kukho kungenzeka kube yizethembiso ezibhekele lokho. Iphuzu lami akukhona ukukhetha noma yimuphi umnumzane (impela ukubabazeka kwami ​​kuhlala kuphezulu). Esikhundleni salokho, bekunezindaba ezithile ezithokozisayo ezingakhulunywa lapha mayelana nokuthi abantu bangagcina kanjani bebandakanyekile ezinhlangothini zombili zalezi zingxoxo ngezinye izikhathi. Lokho kungenzeka kungeze imibimbi ethokozisayo.

Konke okushiwo, ngincoma kakhulu Ukulungisa Okusheshayo, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasha enkingeni yokuphindaphinda kwengqondo. Kuphela ngokukhanyisa okucacile ukuthi siwawele kanjani la maqhuqhuva esikhathini esedlule lapho singafunda ukuwagwema ngokuzayo.