Ukwehluleka Kwesikole: Ezinye Izimbangela Nezinto Zokunquma

-Delile

• Kunamaqiniso athile indima yawo ekubukekeni kwezinkinga zemfundo enganakwa.
• Ukufeyila kwesikole nezimbangela zako
• Ezinye izinto ezandisa ukwehluleka kwesikole
• Izinkinga ze-Acalculia nezinombolo zokucabanga
• Ezinye izici zezinkinga zokubala
• I-Psychopedagogical Disorder Ngenxa Yokunganakwa
• Isiphiwo sobuhlakani
• Ukuqwashisa ngemvelo
• Izinguquko ezikhungweni zokwakha izikhungo zemfundo ezibandakanya bonke abantu
• Inganekwane yobudala bokulandelana kwezikhathi
• Ekuphetheni

Kunamaqiniso athile indima yawo ekubukekeni kwezinkinga zemfundo enganakwa.

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kube khona ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokwanda ye abafundi abashiya isikole kubantu baseSpain, lisuka ku-14% ngo-2011 laya ku-20% ngo-2015, laze lafika lapho leli lizwe lifinyelela khona ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nabanye abantu. we-European Union (Eurostat, 2016).

Ubunzima obutholwa kakhulu bubhekisa kuzinguquko ekufundeni nasekubhaleni noma kwi-dyslexia (enesilinganiso esimaphakathi esingu-10%) noma esihlobene ne-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ngesilinganiso esiphakathi kuka-2 no-5% wabafundi).

Noma kunjalo, kunezinye izinkinga ukuthi, ngaphandle kokuvama njalo njengoba kukhonjisiwe, kungadala ukuthi kube khona ukuphazamiseka kokufunda okuphawuleka ngokwanele ukuthi ekugcineni kuholele ekuhlulekeni kwesikole.

Ukufeyila kwesikole nezimbangela zako

Ukufeyila kwesikole, kuqondwe njengo nobunzima bokufaka nokufunda ngaphakathi kokuqukethwe esungulwe uhlelo lwezemfundo olususelwa eminyakeni kanye nokukhula kwengane, kungashukunyiswa izimbangela eziningi zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, akukwazi ukubhekwa ukuthi umthwalo wemfanelo kufanele uwele kumfundi kuphela, kepha ukuthi umphakathi wezemfundo kanye nemvelo yomndeni zinethonya elifanele kakhulu.

Phakathi kwezinto ezinganciphisa ukubonakala kokufeyila kwesikole kumfundi okulandelayo:

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kukhona uchungechunge lwezimo okuthi bhekisa ekusebenzeni okungalungile, kwezinye izimo, kohlelo lwezemfundo, ekhulisa kakhulu imiphumela etholakala ebukhoneni bezici ezibalwe ngenhla. Izingqinamba zemethodological, izindlela zokufundisa, izitayela zokufundisa ezingezona ezomuntu ngamunye nezingasasebenzi kudala ukuthi isibalo sokufundisa kungenzeka singakulungeli ngokwanele ukukhonza laba bafundi ngezimpawu ezibonisiwe, nazo ngokwazo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.

Ezinye izinto ezandisa ukwehluleka kwesikole

Ngezansi kukhona ezintathu zezinkinga ezivame ukunganakwa ngoba zehlukile ebunzimeni obujwayelekile obuhlobene nokufunda nokubhala.

Ngendlela efanayo nalena, lezo ezivezwe ngezansi zingadala ukwehluleka kwesikole komfundi uma zingatholakali futhi kungenelelwe ngokwanele.

Izinkinga ze-Acalculia nezinombolo zokucabanga

I-Acalculia izungezwe ngaphakathi kwalokho okuthiwa yi-Specific Learning Disorders futhi kuchazwa, njengoba kuhlongozwe nguSalomon Eberhard Henschen (owaqala ukuqamba leli gama ngo-1919) ngohlobo lokuguqulwa kwesibalo esingatholwa ekulimaleni kobuchopho noma nangenxa yokuba khona kobunzima enkambweni yokufunda kwezemfundo.

Ngokwalo mbhali, i-acalculia ayihlali nezimpawu ze-aphasic noma ukungasebenzi kwezilimi ngokujwayelekile. Kamuva, umfundi wakhe uBerger, wenza umehluko phakathi kwe-acalculia eyinhloko neyesibili. Esimweni sokuqala, kukhulunywa ngohlobo oluthile lokuguqulwa ekhonweni lokubala futhi aluhlobene nokuphambuka kokufaneleka kwezinye izinqubo eziyisisekelo zokuqonda ezifana nenkumbulo noma ukunakwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-acalculia yesibili inomlingiswa obanzi futhi ojwayelekile futhi ixhunyaniswe nezinguquko kulezi zinqubo eziyisisekelo zokuqonda.

Kusukela kuzindlela zokuqala kwavela ukuhlukaniswa kukaHenri Hécaen, ohlukanise phakathi kwe-acalculia aléxica (ukuqonda izinhlamvu zezibalo) no-agráfica (ukubhalwa okubhaliwe kwezinhlamvu ze-arithmetic), indawo (ukuhlelwa nendawo yezinombolo, izimpawu nezinye izinto zezibalo esikhaleni) kanye ne-arithmetic (ukusetshenziswa okulungile kwemisebenzi yezibalo).

Ezinye izici zezinkinga zokubala

UMcCloskey noCamarazza bachazile umehluko phakathi kohlobo lwenguquko ekusetshenzisweni kwamanani noma ekubonisaneni (ukuqonda nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlamvu zezinombolo) maqondana nalabo abahlobene kakhulu nenqubo yokubala (izinqubo zokwenza imisebenzi yezibalo).

Ngokuphathelene nohlobo lokuqala lobunzima, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezimbili, okungaholela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zokuguqulwa: izinto ezithintekayo ekukhiqizweni kwezinombolo ze-Arabhu kanye nalabo abathintekayo ekukhiqizeni izinombolo zomlomo. Le ngxenye yokugcina iqukethe izinqubo ezimbili: ukucubungula amagama ).

Ngokubhekisele kuzinguquko kusibalo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kufanele kube nokusebenza okwanele ezingeni lokucutshungulwa kwezinombolo okwedlule, ngoba ikhono lokuqonda nokukhiqiza kahle izinto zezinombolo eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezibalo ezithile, kanye nobudlelwano, kuyadingeka. phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezihlukile zezibalo nokusebenza kwazo.

Noma kunjalo, ngomthamo owanele wokucubungula izinombolo, kungahle kube nobunzima ekwenzeni ukuhleleka okulungile ngokulandelana kwezinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe ukwenza lolu hlobo lwenqubo noma ukukhumbula ngekhanda izinhlanganisela ezijwayelekile zezibalo (njengesibonelo amatafula okuphindaphinda) .

I-Psychopedagogical Disorder Ngenxa Yokunganakwa

I-Psychopedagogical Disorder yenzeka lapho umfundi engakwazi ukuthatha izinhloso zengqondo ezihlongozwayo zalowo nyaka wezifundo. Leli qiniso liholela ukuqoqwa kwemfundo engafinyelelwanga yengqondo ukuthi kunqwabelana ezifundweni zakamuva uma kungatholakali futhi kusetshenzwe lapho kukhonjiswa izinkomba zokuqala zokuqinisekisa.

Izihloko ezivame ukuthinteka kakhulu ziyisisekelo : ulimi nezibalo. Imvamisa imvelaphi yalolu hlobo lwezinkinga ivela ku:

Lolu hlobo lokuguqulwa luyehluka ku-ADHD ngoba eyokugcina kufanele ihlangabezane nenqubo ezindaweni ezintathu ezithintekile: ukunakwa, ukungafisi kanye / noma ukungasebenzi kahle.

Isiphiwo sobuhlakani

Mayelana nokukhalipha kwengqondo, kunezinto eziningana okufanele zicatshangelwe ekuvimbeleni ukwehluleka kwesikole kubafundi abanekhono eliphakeme kakhulu lokuqonda:

Ukuqwashisa ngemvelo

Ukuqwashisa nokwenziwa ngokwengxenye komphakathi wezemfundo ukuthi lolu hlobo lweqembu lunezici ezithile ngakho-ke izidingo ezikhethekile zemfundo zibaluleke kakhulu.

Izinguquko ezikhungweni zokwakha izikhungo zemfundo ezibandakanya bonke abantu

Lapho iphuzu langaphambilini selinqotshiwe, kufanele kube khona ukulungiswa kwesistimu yemfundo ejwayelekile ukwakha izikhungo zemfundo (izikole, izikhungo, amanyuvesi, njll.) ezivumela ukukhonza lolu hlobo lomzimba wabafundi. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo iqiniso lokuhlinzeka lezi zikhungo ngezinsizakusebenza, ezezimali, ezomuntu siqu nezomsebenzi ezivumela isikhungo uqobo ukuthi sinikeze insizakalo yaso yezemfundo ngokufanele.

Inganekwane yobudala bokulandelana kwezikhathi

Olunye udaba olubalulekile ukuthi umbono owamukelwa ngokwesiko wokuthi unyaka wezifundo kumele uhambisane nenkathi ethile yokulandelana kwezikhathi kufanele ususwe. Kubukeka sengathi kufakwe ezingeni elikhulu uma kwenzeka abafundi "bephinda", kepha hhayi kakhulu kulabo okumele babe "phambili". Njengoba sekuhanjisiwe kulo lonke uhlelo, umfundi ngamunye wethula imininingwane ethile futhi kufanele kube uhlelo lwezemfundo oluvumelana nezimpawu zomfundi hhayi okuphambene. Ngakho-ke, ukucatshangelwa kokuqaliswa kokulungiswa kwezifundo zaleli qembu kufanele kusetshenziswe ngaphandle kokungabaza nangendlela ejwayelekile.

Ngakho-ke, izinhloso okufanele zilandelwe kulokho okwenziwe ngezifundo ezikhethiwe kufanele kuhloswe ngalo:

Ekuphetheni

Ngemuva kwalokho okushiwo embhalweni, kubonakala kufanelekile ukubheka zonke izici okubangela amazinga aphakeme kangaka abafundi abashiya phakathi isikole.

Kunokusola kuphela ubukhona noma ukungabi bikho kwentando yomfundi yokufunda, kunezinye izinto eziningi ezihlobene nohlobo lokufundisa olufundiswayo, kusetshenziswa indlela yokufunda, imikhuba namagugu adluliswa ngumndeni maqondana nokufunda lokho okumele kubhekwe nakho kubhekelwe ukufeza intuthuko ngenhloso yokwehlisa iphesenti lamanje lokufeyila kwesikole.