Imizwa Nonsense Mayelana Nokulutha Komdlalo Wevidiyo

-Delile

• Iyini imiphumela yangempela yokudlala ividiyo ebuchosheni?
• Kukhonjwa kanjani ukulutha komdlalo wevidiyo futhi kwande kangakanani?
• Umlutha Ukufundwa Okubalulekile
• Ukudlala Indima Yevidiyo Yokudlala Ukuqeqeshwa Kwemilutha Yomtholampilo

"I-DIGITAL HEROIN: INDLELA IZIKRIBE EZIPHENDULA NGAYO IZINGANE ZIYENZA IMISEBENZI YENGQONDO."

Leso yisihloko esikhulu esimemeza ngenhla kwe- I-New York Post i-athikili, ebhalwe nguDkt.Nicholas Kardaras (2016), abafundi abaningi abangithumele yona ngemuva nje kokushicilelwa okokuqala. Esihlokweni, uKardaris uthi, “Manje sesiyazi ukuthi lawo ma-iPads, ama-smartphone kanye nama-Xbox ayindlela yomuthi wedijithali. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lokucabanga ngobuchopho lukhombisa ukuthi luyayithinta i-cortex engaphambili yobuchopho - elawula ukusebenza okuphezulu, kufaka phakathi ukulawula umfutho - ngendlela efana ncamashi necocaine. ”

Yize uKardaras ethi le miphumela esabekayo ibangelwa yizo zonke izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa kwesikrini, ubalula kakhulu ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo, lapho ethi: “Kunjalo — ubuchopho bengane yakho kwiMinecraft bufana nobuchopho ezidakamizweni.” Umbhedo ophelele lowo, futhi uma uKardaras efunda imibhalo yangempela yocwaningo ngemiphumela yobuchopho yokudlala ividiyo angazi ukuthi iyiyo.

Ungathola izihloko zezindaba nama-athikili amaningi afanayo kwenye indawo kwimidiya ethandwayo, kufaka phakathi ngisho nezinye lapha Psychology Namuhla . Okubonakala kwesabisa kakhulu kubazali, futhi kukhanga izintatheli nabanye abazama ukubamba ukunaka kwabafundi, kuyizinkomba zocwaningo eziphakamisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesikrini, futhi ikakhulukazi imidlalo yamavidiyo, kuthinta ubuchopho. Ukucabanga lapho abantu abaningi beqa ukuthi noma yimuphi umphumela ebuchosheni kumele ube yingozi.

Iyini imiphumela yangempela yokudlala ividiyo ebuchosheni?

Ucwaningo uKardaris abhekisele kulo lubonisa ukuthi izindlela ezithile ebuchosheni obungaphambili, lapho i-dopamine iyi-neurotransmitter, ziyasebenza lapho abantu bedlala imidlalo yevidiyo, futhi izidakamizwa ezinjenge-heroin zisebenzisa ezinye zalezi zindlela ezifanayo. Okushiywa ngaphandle yimibhalo kaKardaris neminye efana nayo, iqiniso lokuthi konke okuthokozisayo kusebenzisa lezi zindlela. Lezi izindlela zenjabulo yobuchopho. Uma ukugembula kwevidiyo kungakwandisanga umsebenzi kulezi zindlela ze-dopaminergic, kuzofanele siphethe ngokuthi ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo akumnandi. Ukuphela kwendlela yokugwema ukukhiqiza lolu hlobo lomphumela ebuchosheni kungukugwema konke okuthokozisayo.

Njengoba abacwaningi bemidlalo uPatrick Markey noChristopher Ferguson (2017) bekhombisa encwadini yakamuva, ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo kukhuphula amazinga e-dopamine ebuchosheni kufinyelele ezingeni elifanayo lokuthi ukudla ucezu lwe-pepperoni pizza noma isidlo se-ayisikhilimu (ngaphandle kwama-calories). Lokho wukuthi, iphakamisa i-dopamine ukuthi iphindaphindeke kabili izinga layo lokuphumula elijwayelekile, kanti izidakamizwa ezinjenge-heroin, i-cocaine, noma i-amphetamine ziphakamisa i-dopamine cishe izikhathi eziphindwe ka-10 kangako.

Kepha empeleni, ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo kusebenza kakhulu kunezindlela zobumnandi, futhi le eminye imiphumela ayifani neze nemiphumela yezidakamizwa. Ukugembula kufaka imisebenzi eminingi yokuqonda, ngakho-ke kusebenze izingxenye zobuchopho ezisekela leyo misebenzi. Muva nje, usosayensi wezinzwa uMarc Palaus nozakwabo (2017) bashicilele ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwalo lonke ucwaningo abangaluthola — olususelwa enanini lama-athikili ayi-116 ashicilelwe-maqondana nemiphumela yokudlala ividiyo ebuchosheni. [3] Imiphumela yilokho noma ngubani owazi kahle ucwaningo lobuchopho angalindela. Imidlalo efaka amandla okubuka nokunaka yenza kusebenze izingxenye zobuchopho ezisekela ubukhali nokubukwa. Imidlalo efaka inkumbulo yendawo yenza kusebenze izingxenye zobuchopho ezibandakanyeka kwimemori yendawo. Njalo njalo.

Eqinisweni, olunye ucwaningo olubuyekezwe nguPalaus nozakwabo lubonisa ukuthi ukugembula akugcini nje ngokuholela ekusebenzeni kwesikhashana ezindaweni eziningi zobuchopho, kepha, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungadala ukukhula kwesikhathi eside okungenani kwezinye zalezo zindawo. Ukudlala kabanzi kungakhuphula ivolumu ye-hippocampus yangakwesokudla kanye ne-entorhinal cortex, ebandakanyeka kwimemori yendawo nasekuzulazuleni. Kungakhuphula futhi ivolumu yezifunda ezandulela ubuchopho obabandakanyeka ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, kufaka phakathi amandla okuxazulula izinkinga nokwenza izinqumo ezinengqondo. Ukutholwa okunjalo kuyahambisana nokucwaninga kokuziphatha okukhombisa ukuthi ukudlala kwevidiyo kungakhiqiza ukuthuthuka kwamanye amakhono wokuqonda (engikubuyekeze ngaphambili lapha). Ubuchopho bakho, ngale ndlela, bufana nesistimu yakho yemisipha. Uma usebenzisa izingxenye ezithile zalo, lezo zingxenye zikhula zibe namandla amakhulu. Yebo, ukudlala ividiyo kungashintsha ubuchopho, kepha imiphumela ebhaliwe mihle, hhayi emibi.

Kukhonjwa kanjani ukulutha komdlalo wevidiyo futhi kwande kangakanani?

Ukwesaba okusatshalaliswa yizihloko ezifana nekaKardaris ukuthi abantu abasha abadlala imidlalo yevidiyo kungenzeka babe "yimilutha" yabo. Sonke siyazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba umlutha we-nicotine, utshwala, i-heroin, noma ezinye izidakamizwa. Kusho ukuthi sinezimpawu ezibucayi zokuhoxa emzimbeni lapho siyeka ukusebenzisa umuthi, ngakho-ke siqhutshwa ukuqhubeka nokuwusebenzisa yize sazi ukuthi kuyasilimaza futhi sifuna ukuwuyeka. Kepha kusho ukuthini ukuba umlutha wento oyithandayo, njengemidlalo yevidiyo (noma ukugibela i-surf, noma enye into ongathanda ukuyenza)?

Umbuzo wokuthi igama elithi "umlutha" uyasiza yini noma cha, maqondana nokudlala ividiyo kwanoma ngubani, uphikisana kakhulu ngochwepheshe. Njengamanje, i-American Psychiatric Association icubungula ukungezwa kwe- "Internet Gaming Disorder" (igama labo lokulutha imidlalo yamavidiyo) encwadini yabo yokuxilonga. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi iningi labadlali bamavidiyo, kufaka phakathi labo abacwile kakhulu emidlalweni futhi abachitha isikhathi esiningi kuyo, okungenani banempilo enhle ngokwengqondo, ngokwenhlalo nangokomzimba njengabangewona abadlali. Eqinisweni, kokuthunyelwe kwami ​​okulandelayo ngizochaza ubufakazi obukhombisa ukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, banempilo kunabangewona abadlali kuzo zonke lezi zici. Kepha ucwaningo olufanayo lukhombisa ukuthi amaphesenti amancane wabadlali abahlupheka ngokwengqondo ngezindlela okungenani ezingasizwa ngokudlala futhi mhlawumbe zimbi kakhulu. Lokho ngukuthola okuholela i-American Psychiatric Association ukuphakamisa ukwengezwa kwe-Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) kumanuwali yayo esemthethweni yokuphazamiseka.

Umlutha Ukufundwa Okubalulekile

Ukudlala Indima Yevidiyo Yokudlala Ukuqeqeshwa Kwemilutha Yomtholampilo