Ukuhlukaniswa Komphakathi Emvelweni

• Ucwaningo olusha lukhanyisa ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zikuguqula kanjani ukuxhumana kwabantu, futhi zenze ukuziqhelanisa nomphakathi lapho kukhona igciwane elithelelanayo.
• Izilwane ezisuka ezintuthwaneni kuya kumalulwane ziye kuma-lobster zisebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene wokuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo, kufaka phakathi ukugwema, ukuzihlukanisa okusebenzayo nokungazenzeli, nokuvalelwa ngaphandle.
• Lokhu kuziphatha okuguqukile, kwesinye isikhathi okubandakanya ukunakekelwa, kuvame ukusebenza kahle.

Cishe kube unyaka selokhu ibinzana elithi “ukudideka kwezenhlalo” lingene esilulumagama sethu esihlangene. Kepha akuwona umqondo omusha. Ekubuyekezweni kwakamuva kumagazini Isayensi , abacwaningi bahlola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuqhela komphakathi okwenziwa ezilwaneni. Kuvela ukuthi ukutheleleka kungashintsha isimilo senhlalo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo. Ukuqonda le misebenzi yezenhlalo kungakhanyisa izinqubo ezifana nokuthi izifo zisakazeka kanjani, kanye nezindlela zokuvikela izifo.

USebastian Stockmaier, ofunda izindlela zokugula kumalulwane e-vampire e-University of Texas e-Austin, usebenze neqembu lodokotela besifo, ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe ukubhala lesi sibuyekezo. Ithimba likhombe izindlela eziyisithupha lapho ubukhona besifo esithathelanayo bungashintsha ukuxhumana kwezilwane kusuka ezintuthwaneni kuya kubantu.

Isu elilodwa elijwayelekile ukuthi ukugwema . Lokhu kulapho ubona ukuthi omunye umuntu uyagula futhi ugcine ibanga lakho ukugwema ukugula, futhi.

"Lokhu kujwayelekile kithi sonke manje," kusho uStockmaier. "Uma sisesitolo bese othile ethimula, sisuka kuye lowo muntu."

Ukugwema i-pathogen kwenziwa yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kufaka phakathi umuhlwa, ama-mandrill, ama-guppies aseTrinidadian, nama-lobster spiny aseCaribbean. Ama-lobster anempilo amhlophe, ngokwesibonelo, angahle awashiye umhume wawo uma ethola ilungu leqembu elinaleli gciwane kuwo. Akusona isinqumo abasithatha kancane, ngoba kuholela ekulahlekelweni kokuvikelwa kweqembu labo nomgodi kanye nokuvezwa okungenzeka kube yizilwane. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kuyifanele ingozi ukugwema igciwane elibulalayo.

Abaphenyi baphinde babheka izindlela ezahlukahlukene abantu abazihlukanisa ngazo futhi bahlukanise phakathi kwezinqubo ezimbili. Ukuzihlukanisa okusebenzayo , lapho umuntu ezisusa ngenkuthalo kwabanye ukuvikela iqembu, laziwa kakhulu ezinambuzaneni zenhlalo ezifana nezintuthwane nezinyosi. Isibonelo, emahoreni ambalwa nje okuvezwa yisikhunta esithathelwanayo, izintuthwane zizochitha isikhathi esithe xaxa ngaphandle kwesidleke, zinciphisa ukuhlangana kwazo nezidleke ezithintekayo.

Ukuzikhetha ungabi namandla , ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwenzeka ungahlosile, lapho abantu abanegciwane bezizwa benesibindi ngakho-ke banciphisa imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke. Sonke sizizwe ngale ndlela ngaphambili, kusho uStockmaier, futhi ukhomba kwesinye isibonelo ocwaningweni lwakhe. Ukufunda ukuthi ukugula kuthinta kanjani ukuxhumana nomphakathi kanye nokuhlangana kwamalulwane e-vampire, uStockmaier ujova amalulwane ngamanye ngocezu oluncane lwegciwane eline-gram-negative, into engenabungozi edala ukuphendula komzimba kanye nokuziphatha okulandelayo kokugula, njengokuthothisa.

Uthi: “Sithole ukuthi lapho amalulwane e-vampire ezizwa egula, awasebenzi, azilungise kancane, abuye ahlanganyele futhi alungise abanye kancane,” usho kanje. "Njengomphumela wokungakhathali, abayithandi imiphakathi."

Izinyosi zezinyosi nezinye izinambuzane zenhlalo azithathi amathuba uma kuziwa ekuvikeleni izidleke zazo ekuguleni, ukuzibandakanya necebo elibiziwe ukukhishwa inyumbazane . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinyosi eziphilile zihudula ezigulayo esidlekeni, zibaphoqelela ukuba bazihlukanise.

Kukhona nohlangothi oluthambile ezinambuzaneni zenhlalo: Nazo, njengabantu, nazo zingazibandakanya nazo ukunakekela indlela yokuziphatha, esiza abantu abahlala nabo ezidlekeni abanegciwane njengoba bezithola besengozini yokutheleleka ngokwabo.Isibonelo, izintuthwane nomuhlwa zizosusa ngokomzimba noma zingasebenzi ngamakhemikhali izinhlamvu zesikhunta ezithathelwanayo kuma-nestmates angcolile.

Ekugcineni, iqembu libuyekeze ukuthambekela kokuqina komphakathi , thina bantu esizijwayele kakhulu kuleli phuzu. Leli qhinga lifaka wonke umuntu ukuthi agcine ibanga lakhe komunye nomunye, noma ngabe kunempilo, ukunciphisa ubungozi bokudlulisela. Ukuphendula ubhadane oluqhubekayo lwe-COVID-19, amazwe amaningi asebenzise ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi okujwayelekile. Izintuthwane zensimu emnyama zenza okufanayo. Uma intuthwane engcoliswe yisikhunta ingeniswa esidlekeni, ezinye izintuthwane zandisa ibanga lazo lomphakathi komunye nomunye, ngokunokwenzeka zinciphisa amazinga okudluliswa ngokunciphisa ukusabalala okungazelelwe ngabathwali bezimpawu.

Sekukonke, ukubuyekezwa kugcizelela ukuthi ukuzihlukanisa, ukugwema, ukukhishwa inyumbazane, kanye nokuhlukaniswa komphakathi okuhlangene kunganciphisa ukusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, noma ngabe kuphakathi kwezintuthwane, amalulwane noma abantu.

“Akuzona zodwa izilwane ezihlale zichayeke ezifweni ezithathelwanayo,” kusho uStockmaier. "Ezinye izilwane sezivele zashintsha izindlela zokulwa naleso songo futhi zibonakala zisebenza kahle kakhulu."