Isimo seBipolar Ongasizwa

-Delile

• Amaphuzu abalulekile
• Isethulo se-Cyclothymic
• Ukucatshangelwa ekwenzeni i-Cyclothymia Diagnosis
• Imiphumela Yokwelashwa

Amaphuzu abalulekile

• I-Cyclothymia yisifo esaziwa ngaphansi kwe-bipolar-spectrum.
• I-Cyclothymia ingaphanjaniswa njengesimo sobuntu.
• Ayikho indinganiso yokwelashwa yegolide ye-cyclothymia, kepha kungenzeka ukuphatha lesi simo.

Yini ehlukaniswa njengesifo se-bipolar-spectrum kanye nemijikelezo esheshayo, kepha ayinazo iziqephu ezinkulu zokudangala, ezomuntu, eze-hypomanic, noma ezixubekile?

Yeka? Cyclothymia.

Le coaster edidayo yokuguquguquka kwemizwa ingathathwa ngokuthi "inganakwa kakhulu yizinkinga zemizwelo" (UPerugia et al. ECarvalho naseVieta, 2017). Naphezu kokuqala ukwaziwa ngo-1877 (iBrieger & Maneros, 1997), intuthuko encane ngokuqhathaniswa yenziwe ekuqondeni nasekwelapheni i-cyclothymia. Lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yokwehluleka ukuvumelana ngezigaba zayo. Ukubuyekezwa okuyisisekelo kwemibhalo kuveza izimpikiswano ezintathu mayelana nalesi simo:

1. Kuyisimo esingajwayelekile, sokuma sodwa.
2. Kuyisigaba nje se-prodromal sezinhlobo ze-bipolar 1 noma 2.
3. I-Cyclothymia yindaba yobuntu obucasulayo noma "obunesiyaluyalu".

Lokhu kungazwakala kudida, sengathi ukungezwani okukodwa ngandlela thile kukathathu, kodwa akunjalo. Ngempela okungenhla kusebenza njengesinye futhi isibonelo sokuthi kungani ukucabanga okunzulu ngokuxilongwa nokunakwa ngokucophelela ekwehlukaneni kubaluleke kangaka.

Abanye abafundi bangahle bazibuze ukuthi ngabe balahlekelwe uphawu lokuxilonga kulezo ziguli eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezihlale zinenhliziyo ebukeka zingathuthuki noma ngabe kungakanani umzamo omuhle, ohlangene.Izindaba ezimnandi? Iso elibukhali lomtholampilo lingasiza ukwehlukanisa, okuzosiza ukukhuthaza ukwelashwa okukhombe kakhulu, futhi okungenzeka kube yimpumelelo.

Ngeshwa, lapho ukuxilongwa kuyinselele, ukuqonda "okuhle ngokwanele" kokuxilonga kungaqala ukusebenza. Lokhu kuholela ejwayelekile "thatha imishanguzo yakho futhi nazi izindlela zokubhekana nezinkinga", ukweba iziguli ukwelashwa okuhle. Isibonelo, uma amaphuzu wokuqapha aqaphele endabeni yobuntu, ukungenelela kwemithi akunakwenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe ngokukhazimulayo njengokugula kwe-bipolar.

Isethulo se-Cyclothymic

I-Cyclothymia yehluke ngezindlela ezimbili ezinkulu ezihlotsheni zayo ezishaya kakhulu, izinhlobo ze-bipolar 1 no-2:

1. Kuyiphethini ye-nebulous yokushushuluza, izimpawu zokudangala kanye ne-hypomanic ezingahlangabezani nenqubo egcwele yokudangala noma yesiqephu se-hypomanic. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kunezimpawu ezimbalwa nje ezikhona, noma, mhlawumbe kunesethulo esigcwele sezimpawu, kepha isikhathi siyadlula.
2. Kuyisethulo esingapheli ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokululama eziqhubekayo. Ngokuqondile, kufanele ihlale iminyaka emibili kubantu abadala nonyaka owodwa ezinganeni, futhi noma yikuphi ukubuyiswa kwesifo kuphila isikhathi esifushane ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ngaphansi (I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, i-5 Edition [DSM 5]).

Abantu abane-cyclothymia nabo bathambekele ekubeni nesimo esingajwayelekile, noma sokuthukuthela kalula. Eqinisweni, uTomba et al. (2015) qaphela ukuthi, ikakhulukazi, iziguli ze-cyclothymic "zivame ukusabela kakhulu ezintweni ezingaphandle."

Ngenkathi ukucindezeleka kanye ne-hypomania kungakhombisa ukucasuka, kufanele futhi sicabangele ukuthi ukuphila impilo yokuguquguquka kwemizwelo kumane kuyacasula, futhi lokho kusiza ekuvuseleleni okuthukuthele,

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ukugula kuvame ukuba nokuqala okukhohlisayo futhi kuqala ukukhula ebusheni, kungahle kube nephutha ukuthi "lena indlela umuntu ayiyo" futhi ubuntu bakhe. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunezinkomba odokotela abangazifuna ukuze banciphise ngazo ukuthi ngabe empeleni kuyisimo semizwa sokuqala, noma indaba yobuntu.

Ukucatshangelwa ekwenzeni i-Cyclothymia Diagnosis

1. Kubalulekile ukukhipha izimbangela zezokwelapha noma zezidakamizwa zemizwelo. Akuzwakali, ngokwesibonelo, ngesifo se-thyroid noma imiphumela emibi yemithi yokulawula ukubeletha ukulingisa izimpawu ze-cyclothymia.
2. Ngokunikwa ukugula kwe-bipolar kuyizakhi zofuzo, uma isiguli siveza nalokhu okungenhla, cabanga nge-cyclothymia uma kunomlando onokwethenjelwa womndeni we-cyclothymia noma izinhlobo ze-bipolar 1 noma 2. Njengoba nje i-schizophreniform ivame ukuvumela i-schizophrenia ephelele, kungenzeka ukuthi i-cyclothymia ingaba isandulela se-bipolar ekhulayo 1 noma 2. Abahlengikazi kufanele bahlale beqaphele ukuvela kwezigcawu ezinkulu ezigcwele zokucindezeleka, ze-hypomanic, manic, noma ezixubekile.
3. Kubalulekile ukukhipha umthetho wokuthi ukuguquguquka kwemizwa okuvamile komuntu akukhona nje kuphela ukusabela ezindabeni zomuntu noma zemvelo. Abantu abanenkinga yobuntu bomngcele (i-BPD), ngokwesibonelo, bavame ukungasebenzi kahle. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvame ukuphinda kusetshenziselwe ukwesaba ukushiywa / imikhawulo ebekwayo. Kubalulekile ukukhipha iBPD, okuthi, kanye nenqubo yokuxilonga, enye i- "tshela" ukuthi lowo muntu unomlando wokuhlukumezeka / ukulahlwa, kanye nokuthambekela kwesiphepho nokungakwazi ukubekezelela imikhawulo noma besebancane. Kungenzeka isiguli sine-BPD ne-cyclothymia. Ukubheka ngokucophelela kuzonika imininingwane yokuthi lezi ziguli, zisisekelo sokuqala, ziba nokuthambeka ngaphandle kwesizathu, kuhambisane nemizwa ekhulayo ekuphenduleni imibono yokulahlwa / imikhawulo ebekwayo.
4. Okokugcina, qiniseka ukuthi imoods akuyona indaba yokuthi uMillon ubhekisa kubani njengomuntu othokozayo (UMillon, 2011). Yize kungesona isifo esidumile sobuntu, uMillon uphakamise ukuthi lokhu ngokuyinhloko kuyisethulo esiyisisekelo se-euphoric-hypomanic ngaphandle kokuhamba ngebhayisikili kwemizwa njengezimo ze-bipolar, kepha ngesimo sokuphinda usebenzise intukuthelo, ikakhulukazi lapho ukhungathekile.

Imiphumela Yokwelashwa

Ngokusobala, uma ukuxilongwa kobuntu kuyimbangela yezimo, ukwelashwa okugxile ebuntwini kufanele kwenzeke. Uma izimo ziphetha ngokuthi yi-cyclothymia, kuwumkhuba ozwakalayo ukudlulisela kudokotela wezifo zengqondo ogxile ezimeni zemizwa.

Okwelapha, yize kuyisifo se-bipolar-spectrum, ukwelashwa akufani ncamashi nohlobo 1 no-2. Ku-1 naku-2, sisiza isiguli ukuzinzisa isiqephu semizwa, bese sisebenza ekugcineni ukuzinza. Lokhu kwenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, ngokugxila ekuphatheni inhlanzeko nokulawulwa kwengcindezi, njengoba ukuntuleka kokulala nokucindezeleka kungakhuthaza imania ezigulini ze-bipolar. Siphinde sigxile ekuphatheni "izingqinamba zempilo" ezingakhuthaza ukudangala, njengoba imanuia ivame ukulandela, futhi babuyile emjikelezweni.

Ku-cyclothymia, nokho, imizwa iyaxokozela akukho ukwelashwa okunjalo "okusikiwe nokomile". Asikwazi ukusebenzela ukupela okucindezelayo bese simane sigxile ekugcineni ukuzinza. Ngeshwa, kukhona ucwaningo oluncane oluyigugu (isb., UPerugia et al., 2017; UTomba et al., 2017) ezindleleni zokwelashwa. UPerugia uyawachaza amacala okuxolelwa nokubikezela okuhle uma isimo sibonwa kusenesikhathi futhi kungenelelwe nge-pharmacology kanye nokwelashwa.

Kuze kutholakale "indinganiso yegolide", ukuphathwa kwengcindezi kungasebenza kakhulu, ngoba ukucindezeleka kubhebhethekisa noma yini. Lokhu kubandakanya ukugxila ekunqandeni ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-reactivity; izinguquko endleleni yokuphila, njengokusebenzela ukuvivinya umzimba njalo nokudla ngendlela enempilo; nokugwema ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa — ikakhulukazi i-caffeine. Ukuba yinto evuselelayo, i-caffeine ingahlanganisa noma yikuphi ukwenziwa nokusebenza kokucasuka okuvele kuseduze. Ukwelashwa komndeni nakho kungasiza, njengoba isimo salesi simo singabeka ubunzima ebudlelwaneni, okuthi, empeleni, bulethe ukucindezeleka futhi kubhebhethekise imood.

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UBrieger, P., noMarneros, A. (1997). I-Dysthymia ne-cyclothymia: imvelaphi yomlando nokuthuthuka kwanamuhla. Ijenali Yezinkinga Ezithintekayo, 45 (3), 117-26. i-doi: 10.1016 / s0165-0327 (97) 00053-0.

UPerugi, G., Hantouche, E., Vannucchi, G., & Pinto, O. (2015). I-Cyclothymia ilayishwe kabusha: Ukuhlolwa kabusha kwesifo esingaqondakali kahle kunazo zonke. Ijenali Yezinkinga Ezithintekayo, 183, 119-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.004.

UPerugi, G., Vanucchi, G., noMazzarini, L. (2017). Ukwelashwa kwe-cyclothymia. ECarvalho, A.F., naseVieta, E. (Eds). Ukwelashwa Kwe-Bipolar Disorder: Izindlela Zokuhlanganiswa Zemitholampilo kanye Nezikhombisi Zokuzayo (123-137). I-Oxford University Press.

UTomba, E., Tecuta, L., Guidi, J., Grandi, S., & Rafanelli, C. (2015). Ukudonswa amandla kanye nokuphendula ekwelashweni kwengqondo: Ucwaningo lomshayeli oluqhathanisa inhlanganisela elandelanayo yokwelashwa kokuqonda nokuziphatha kanye nokwelashwa kwenhlalakahle nokuphathwa kwemitholampilo ku-cyclothymic disorder. I-Psychotherapy ne-Psychosomatics, 85(1), 56-57.