Umthwalo Wokuhlolwa Okumisiwe

-Delile

• Amaphuzu abalulekile
• Ukufundwa Okubalulekile Kwezemfundo
• Esinye Isibonelo Sokufundisa Okuncane Kuholela Ekufundeni Okwengeziwe

Amaphuzu abalulekile

• UBiden uthembise ukuthi uzoqeda izivivinyo ezijwayelekile.
• Lesi sithembiso siphuliwe, ukuhlolwa kugunyaziwe kule ntwasahlobo.
• Ukuhlolwa okumisiwe kujezisa kakhulu labo ababencishwe amathuba, imindeni esengozini enkulu ebunzimeni.

Kukhona ithemba emoyeni, iphunga lentwasahlobo, ukulindelwa koshintsho, intando yeningi ingahle idlule. Kungani-ke, ngezikole zomphakathi ze-K-12, isithembiso esaphuliwe, ukudideka?

UBiden uphakamise amathemba lapho ethembisa, ngoDisemba 16, 2019, ukuthi "uzozibophezela ekuqedeni ukusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa okulinganiselwe ezikoleni zomphakathi," esho (ngokufanele) ukuthi "ukufundisa ukuhlolwa kubukela phansi futhi kwehlise izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu abafundi ukuba bazi. ” Kodwa-ke ngoFebhuwari 22, uMnyango Wezemfundo wenza ubuso nobuso, wamemezela, "Sidinga ukuqonda umthelela i-COVID-19 eye yaba nawo ekufundeni ... abazali badinga ulwazi lokuthi izingane zabo ziqhuba kanjani."

Ziqhuba kanjani izingane? Bayadonsa kanzima, kunjalo, benza konke okusemandleni abo, kanjalo nabafundisi nabazali. Futhi yilabo abahlupheka kakhulu abadonsa kanzima kakhulu; ekuguqulweni kokufundiswa nge-inthanethi, kungenzeka ukuthi bangabi nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi, imindeni yabo esengozini enkulu yokulahleka kwemisebenzi, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezimpilo. Kubiza u- $ 1.7 billion ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa, kepha inani lezingane — izinyembezi, ukwesaba, ukuzihlukanisa — alinakulinganiswa.

Iningi labantu alazi nakancane ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kuyingozi kangakanani. Njengoba izikole ziphila noma zifa ngesisekelo sezibalo zokuhlolwa, okuyavivinywa yilokho okufundiswayo, futhi imfundo eningi kakhulu iba yinto engacabangi yamakhono wezibalo nowesiNgisi. Izingane ziphuma esikoleni zifuna ukungalokothi zifunde enye incwadi, zingazi lutho ngesayensi, okwedlule, ukuthi lifundwa kanjani izwe lazo. Othisha bahamba ngobuningi; ukushoda kothisha kwakunzima ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kube khona ubhadane. Ngenkathi uBetsy DeVos eyeka lezi zivivinyo entwasahlobo edlule, othisha bakhululeka kakhulu kangangokuba abanye bathi bekukufanele ukuthatha lesi sinyathelo kwi-inthanethi, ukuthola amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili akhululwe ngokufundisa.

Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngamazinga aphezulu kwaqala ngoGeorge W. Bush's No Child Left Behind (NCLB, 2002). Uhlelo lufike ngefu lokukhuluma "ngokufinyelela" nangamalungelo omphakathi, "lizichaza" njengesenzo sokuvala igebe lempumelelo ... ukuze kungasali ngane. " I-NCLB, ngonyaka ka-2009, yahluleka ukwehluleka, kepha abaphathi baka-Obama bayithatha, bayiqamba kabusha bathi yiRace to the Top, futhi bafuna ukuthi lezo zizwe, njengezimo zezimali zikahulumeni, amaCommon Core State Standards, iqoqo lamazinga kazwelonke abethelwe yenzeke ngonyaka we-2010 yizigidigidi kanye ne-boosterism kaBill Gates. UGates uthembise ukuthi iCore "izokhipha amandla amakhulu emakethe," okwenzile, futhi izolinganisa inkundla yokudlala, engakwenzanga lokho.

Ukuphela kwento ukuhlolwa okwake kwenziwa kulabo ababencishwe amathuba ngukudlulisa umyalezo wokwehluleka nokwenza udoti ezikoleni zikahulumeni. Yisiphi isilinganiso sezikolo zokuhlola imali engenayo yomndeni; zihlangana ngokusondelene kangangokuba kunegama lakho-umphumela wekhodi ye-zip. Lapho izikolo zokuhlolwa zikhombise "ukusebenza okuphansi," izikole zivaliwe ngamakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezihola kancane, ezindaweni ezincane, futhi esikhundleni sazo kwenziwa amashadi enzelwa ngasese, enza inzuzo.

Ukuhlola nokuhlola akukaze kusebenze, noma kungaphakathi kwenhloso yaso yokwehlisa, yokukhulisa izikolo zokuhlolwa. Kube neminyaka engama-20 ukuzibonakalisa, futhi “akusebenzi nje,” njengoba uDana Goldstein ebika, efingqa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamazwe omhlaba okukhombisa ukuthi izikolo zokuhlolwa ezineminyaka engu-15 bezimile kusukela ngo-2000, “yize izwe uchithe izigidigidi ”(The New York Times, December 3, 2019). Yehlulekile ukunciphisa igebe lempumelelo, kepha bekungekho ngalokhu: bekulokhu kumayelana nokwenziwa kukahulumeni, ukuthatha imali yomphakathi kumashadi azimele, ukuthola inzuzo ezinkampanini ezinjengePearson, Houghton Mifflin, McGraw Hill.

UDiane Ravitch wakubona lokhu kusenesikhathi. Njengelungu elivelele leminyango yezemfundo yomibili iminyango yokuphatha uBush, wayengummeli we-NCLB, kepha lapho esebona ukuthi inhloso yayo yangempela yayikukwenza imfundo yangasese ibe yimfihlo, waba ngumgxeki wakhe omkhulu, esebenzisa ukubhala kwakhe nobushoshovu, njengoba esho, ukulungisa umonakalo odalwe yizinqubomgomo ake wazisekela.

Mayelana negunya lokuthi izikole kumele zenze izivivinyo ezijwayelekile phakathi nobhadane, kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lo myalelo awusayinwanga nguNobhala Wezemfundo, uMiguel Cardona, kodwa ngu-Ian Rosenblum, uNobhala woMsizi Obambile, ongafani noCardona nomunye uMnyango Wezemfundo abaqokiwe, akanaso isipiliyoni sokufundisa. I-Rosenblum ivela ku "Education Trust," ithangi lokucabanga elikhuthaza ukuhlolwa okumisiwe egameni lokulingana, njengendlela yobulungiswa bezinhlanga. Leli qembu, ebelinengxenye ekubhalweni kwe-NCLB, belilokhu licindezela uMnyango Wezemfundo ukuthi wenqabe ukuyekelwa izivivinyo ukuthi lifake isicelo salo (izifundazwe eziningi, ezihlanganisa iNew York neCalifornia, besezivele zifake izicelo zalokho kuxolelwa). Ukubheka nje abanye babaxhasi bayo bezinkampani – izisekelo ezixhaswe ngabakwaGates, uMark Zuckerberg, uMichael Bloomberg, uJeff Bezos, umndeni wakwaWalmart — kukhombisa ukuthi kutshalwa malini ekuhlolweni nasekwenzeni izinto ngasese, futhi kwenziwa ngubani.

Akekho obuza othisha ukuthi baqhuba kanjani abafundi. Ngothisha abasesimweni esihle sokuhlola ukufunda nokulahlekelwa kwabafundi (njengoba uBiden azi kahle, eshade noyedwa). Ngothisha okufanele babhekane “nezinyembezi, ukugabha namabhulukwe achame” okubangelwe ukuhlolwa, futhi manje kumele bazi-ayele “enye inkathi yokuhlolwa enesiphithiphithi,” njengoba kubhala uthisha uJake Jacobs kwi-Progressive. UBiden kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ubuze izinyunyana zothisha kwazise uzichaze njengomuntu "wenyunyana." Nakhu abekuzwile kumongameli weNational Education Association, inyunyana yothisha enkulu kunazo zonke kuleli (kanye noJill Biden's): “Ukuhlolwa okumisiwe akukaze kube yizinyathelo ezisemthethweni noma ezinokwethenjelwa zalokho abafundi abakwaziyo nabakwazi ukukwenza, futhi azithembekile ikakhulukazi manje. ” Akufanele “bachithe isikhathi sokufunda esiyigugu abafundi abangasisebenzisa nabafundisi babo.”

Ukufundwa Okubalulekile Kwezemfundo

Esinye Isibonelo Sokufundisa Okuncane Kuholela Ekufundeni Okwengeziwe