Iqiniso Elicindezelayo Ngesimo Somuntu?

Njengesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo somtholampilo kwesinye isikhathi ngibonisana nabantu ababhekene nokuhlupheka okungenalutho ngaphandle kwamaqiniso akhona. Iningi lingama-agnostics azichazayo noma angakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona. Abacindezelekile ngokwasemtholampilo noma bakhathazekile, ngasese, kepha kunalokho bazithola bemane nje bethi hlikihla “insingo yocingo” yokuphila nje. Ngokusobala, akulungile kimi ukuthi ngiphoqelele umbono wami wezwe kubo, ngakho-ke ngiyazama ukubasiza ukuba bavumelane futhi benze ukuthula nokwabo. Yize lokhu ikakhulukazi kubandakanya imizamo ehlose ukuthuthukisa kanye nokwenza ngcono ulwazi lwabo lomzwelo, ezinye izinto ezithokozisayo zefilosofi, ubuhlakani kanye nokuqonda kuyaxoxwa ngakho.

Manje ngiyavuma ngokugcwele ukuthi angiyena uchwepheshe emkhakheni we-physics, chemistry, biology, noma i-theology kodwa ngikholelwa ukuthi ngiyiqonda kahle isayensi eyisisekelo nengqondo yomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abangama-erudite nabafundile kakhulu kunami babhale ngalokhu nezinye izifundo ezifanayo (isb., UChristopher Hitchens, uRichard Dawkins, uSam Harris, uFriedrich Nietzsche, u-Albert Camus, uSoren Kierkegaard, noCarl Sagan ukubala abambalwa kuphela). Noma kunjalo, njengodokotela wezengqondo, ngikholelwa ukuthi ngifanelekile ukunikeza umbono ngoba ngifunde zombili izici zomzimba wobuchopho bomuntu nobukhulu obungaphatheki bengqondo yomuntu. Futhi ingqondo, kubonakala sengathi ayilutho nje kuphela ngaphandle kwempahla ebusayo yobuchopho; "ukufihla" okuyindida okusobala ukuthi kunikeza ukubaluleka okukhulu okuguqukayo nezinzuzo zokuvela.

Nasi isampula salokho okuvame ukuxoxwa ngakho ngezikhathi zami nama-agnostics nabangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu abelapha imishanguzo ye-existential angst, noma ababhekana nobukhona lapho umuntu enombono womhlaba womhlaba kuphela.

Okokuqala, ngizobuyekeza “izinsika” zobukhona obukhona ngenhloso yokucacela. Kungukuhlukaniswa, isibopho, ukungabi namqondo nokufa. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokuthi sisodwa sodwa ezimpilweni zethu. Akekho ongazi ngokweqiniso isipiliyoni sethu noma ezwe ubuhlungu bethu noma ngabe sisondele kangakanani kubo. (Ngokudabukisayo, i- "Vulcan mind meld" edumile ayikho — okungenani hhayi manje ...). Sihlukaniswe ngokuphelele kubo bonke abanye abantu ngokuthi ulwazi lwethu ngendawo yonke lutholakala kithi kuphela ebuchosheni nasezingqondweni zethu. Njengoba kwenzeka kuphela ebuchosheni nasezingqondweni zabanye. Kepha leli qiniso alisho ukuthi kufanele sibe nesizungu. Singenza ukuxhumana okubalulekile neminye imiphefumulo ehlukaniswe ngokulinganayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela sizihlanganise, kuze kube iphuzu, esisindweni esicindezelayo sokuhlukaniswa okukhona.

Okulandelayo umthwalo. Lo ngumqondo wokuthi ukwamukela impilo, kubalulekile ukwamukela ukuthi izinto eziningi azenzeki "ngesizathu" noma njengengxenye yohlelo "oluphakeme". Zenzeka ngoba izinto ezingahleliwe kanye nokuqondana kwezinto okuyizona zinto ezisemqoka ekushayeleni izinto ezinquma okuningi okwenzeka kithi empilweni. Kepha yize singenakho okuncane okulawula impilo yethu enkulu, sisabhekene nemiphumela, emihle nemibi, yeziningi zezinqumo zethu nezenzo zethu ngoba ukuphela kwento esingakwazi ukuyilawula ezimpilweni zethu ukuziphatha kwethu. Lokhu kusinikeza umqondo wokuzikhethela kunalokho sizizwe singenamandla ngokuphelele futhi singenamandla ngoba ukubeka lokho okwenzeka kithina empilweni ngokuphelele emandleni nakwezinye izinto akuwenzi amandla. Asifani namaqabunga awele emfuleni omkhulu, akhukhuleka nje kuphela ngama-eddies nemisinga. Esikhundleni salokho, sifana nabantu abasemikhunjini emincane abakwazi ukugwedla futhi baqondise ngezinga elithile yize behanjiswa emfuleni wesikhala nangesikhathi ngokungenakuqashelwa esikhathini esizayo esingaziwa.

Bese kufika ukungabi namqondo. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, futhi njengoba ngizoxoxa kabanzi ngezansi, lesi yisisekelo sokuthi ayikho incazelo enqunywe kusengaphambili, injongo noma ukubaluleka okuthile empilweni yomuntu. Incazelo ibhekwa njengokusungulwa komuntu kuphela, hhayi into etholakala endaweni yonke noma ezimpilweni zethu. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yonke engenangqondo okungenangqondo, kukwabantu ukuzakhela injongo. Abanye bakwenza ngokuba nezingane, umsebenzi onenjongo, ubudlelwano bothando, ukuchitha isizungu, ukubonakalisa ubuciko, ukuzuza amandla nengcebo, noma enye indlela noma indlela abangayithola ebanikeza i-raison d’etre.

Ekugcineni kufika ukufa. Ukubuyela kokukhohlwayo kwangaphambi kokuphila kwethu. Ukuphela okuphelele nokuhlala unomphela kobukhona bethu njengezinto eziphilayo ezizaziyo. Ukulahleka okuphelele kwakho konke esiyikho, konke esikwaziyo, nakho konke esinakho kubandakanya thina uqobo lwethu. Konke okusele kithi ngemuva kokufa yindaba ebonakalayo yemizimba yethu eshisiwe noma ebolayo futhi, uma sithandwa, ubukhona bethu ezinkumbulweni zabanye.

Uma umuntu amukela amaqiniso akhona wesimo somuntu esingamhloniphi uNkulunkulu, yini angayenza ukwenza ukuthula nayo? Yiziphi izimpendulo ezingasetshenziswanga emibuzweni yakudala yokuthi saba kanjani? Yini inhloso yethu? Ingabe yilokhu kuphela okukhona? Kusho ukuthini konke lokhu, futhi yini elandelayo elandelayo?

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukwamukela ukuthi i-physics (i-classical, relativity kanye ne-quantum mechanics) iyithuluzi elichaza kangcono nelibikezelayo abantu abake balithola noma balisungula. Ngayo sihlukanise i-athomu, sasebenzisa amanye amandla afana ne-electromagnetism, sakha inkathi yolwazi, sathumela amadoda enyangeni, sabona emaphethelweni wendawo yonke ebonakalayo, futhi saqala ukwembula izimfihlo eziningi ezivikelwe kakhulu zemvelo mayelana nesimo sendawo nesikhathi, udaba namandla, nempilo uqobo. Ngempela, ukubikezela ukuthi imibono ka-Einstein eyenziwe eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule kuyafakazelwa namuhla (isb. Amagagasi adonsela phansi kanye nezimbobo ezimnyama).

Ngakho-ke, kubonakala sengathi i-physics iyinjini ekhiqize futhi ishayele indawo yonke. Nakanjani izokwakha i-chemistry, yona ezogcina idale i-biology ezoguquka futhi iguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kulo mbono, impilo yomuntu yenzeke kule planethi ngenxa yokuthile nje ngaphandle kokuziphatha okungahleliwe kepha okungenakugwemeka kwamandla namandla okwenza izinqubo ze-athomu, zomzimba nezamakhemikhali eziholela empilweni. Akekho umdali, akukho mklamo ohlakaniphile noma okunye. Izinqubo ezingenakugwenywa zendaba namandla ngokungacabangi nangokungenangqondo ukuthobela imithetho ye-physics.

Noma nini lapho kuvela izimo ezithile kodwa ezingahleliwe, umphumela uyohlala uyizinto ezizenzekelayo nokuvela kokuphila — ukuhleleka kwesikhashana kwama-molecule okwesikhashana okungabonakala kungahambisani ne-entropy.Ezinye zezinto ezingahleliwe ezibonakala zidingekile ukuze impilo "ethuthukile" noma enomuzwa yenzeke ifaka phakathi inkanyezi ezinzile endaweni okuhlala kuyo umthala; iplanethi enamadwala endaweni ehlala abantu kuleyo nkanyezi ezinzile ene-magnetosphere evikelayo (evikela ama-biomolecule entekenteke emananini amakhulu emisebe yelanga neyomkhathi eyonakalisayo); amanzi oketshezi emhlabeni; isathelayithi ezinzile (inyanga ivimbela umhlaba ekushintsheni okukhulu kwesimo sezulu okuphazamisa impilo); kanye negesi elikhulu elingumakhelwane elinjenge-Jupiter elisebenza njenge-vacuum cleaner ne-deflector elinamandla ngaleyo ndlela livikela umhlaba ekushayisaneni nabangaba nomthelela ongaphazamisa impilo esakhulayo nekhona.

Kunenani lezinkanyezi ezingacabangeki ezinezinhlelo zamaplanethi endaweni ebonakalayo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe kunezigidi zamaplanethi ezincoma uhlobo lokuphila kumthala wethu kuphela. Njengoba kucatshangwa ukuthi kunemithala eyizigidigidi endaweni yonke eyaziwayo, inani lamaplanethi angaba khona “anjengomhlaba” anokuphila okuguquke kakhulu futhi okunemizwelo kwenza lokho kucatshangwe. Ngamanye amagama, izimo ezithile ezikhiqiza impilo ngokungagwemeki zingase zivame.

Ngakho-ke, ohlelweni olukhulu lwezinto, isimo somuntu sifana nje nesazo zonke ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ubukhona obuqhutshwa yimigomo yemvelo yokusinda nokuzala.

Yize kunjalo, abantu bangadala, bathole futhi bakhiphe "incazelo" kanye "nenhloso," noma ngabe baqonda "incazelo" kanye "nenjongo" njengokuyindalo nokwakhiwa kwengqondo yomuntu.

Ngaphandle komqondo othile wencazelo, impilo ayinakubekezeleleka kubantu abaningi abenqaba i-hypothesis kankulunkulu futhi bacabangisise ngamaqiniso akhona. Bayakuqonda ukuthi ngokubuka komkhathi, akukho mehluko phakathi komuntu negciwane. Umhlaba wonke, kubonakala sengathi awunandaba nenjabulo yomuntu.

Kungalesi sizathu-ke abantu abaningi bekhetha i-hypothesis kankulunkulu njengendlela yokuzikhathaza ngethemba "lokuphila okuphakade," inhloso ephakeme, umqondo omkhulu wencazelo, kanye nokubavikela kulasha wokwesaba nokuphelelwa yithemba okukhona ukuthi " abangakholwa ”bangabanjwa kalula.

“Ikhambi” lalo mbono onengqondo ngokuphelele futhi osuselwa ngokoqobo kepha onselele ngokwengqondo, empeleni "ukucindezela kwangempela," kubonakala sengathi kunengqondo, kuyisikhathi eside i-hedonism. Hhayi i-hedonism ngomqondo ojwayelekile abantu abaningi abacabanga ngayo, kepha njenge-raison d'etre ne-modus vivendi eqhutshwa umzamo wokuzijabulisa ngangokunokwenzeka isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokulimaza noma ukulimaza ezinye izidalwa ezinemizwa. Umsebenzi wokuzimela. Kepha kwabaningi, lokho kubandakanya umsebenzi ojabulisayo, ukudlala okujabulisayo, ubudlelwano obunenjongo, mhlawumbe ukuzala nothando. Mhlawumbe ngisho nomqondo wenhloso ephakeme nokuxhuma ngokomoya.

Ngakho-ke, ukuzivikela entanjeni yensingo ekhona yokuba nje, uma umuntu ekwazi ukubhekana nokuhlukaniswa okujulile; uthathe umthwalo wezenzo zomuntu kanye nemiphumela yazo yemvelo; dala inkohliso yencazelo nenjongo empilweni; futhi wamukele ukungavikeleki nokungaqiniseki okungenakugwenywa kanye nokuhlala unomphela kokufa, lapho-ke umuntu angenza ukuthula ngokuphila okungekho emthethweni.

Noma, umuntu angamukela i-god hypothesis.

Khumbula: Cabanga kahle, Yenza kahle, Zizwe uphilile, Uphile!

Imininingwane 2019 Clifford N. Lazarus, Ph.D.

Mfundi Othandekayo, Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwenzelwa ulwazi kuphela. akuhloselwe ukuba esikhundleni sosizo oluvela kochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe.

Izikhangiso ezikulokhu okuthunyelwe azibonisi imibono yami futhi azivunyelwe yimina. -Clifford