Inganekwane Yomgede KaPlato (okusho Nomlando Walesi Selelelo)

-Delile

• Isingathekiso esizama ukuchaza iqiniso elimbili esilibonayo.
• UPlato nenganekwane yakhe yomgede
• Izibani nezithunzi: umqondo wokuphila ngokoqobo lokuqanjiwe
• Inganekwane yomgede namuhla
• 1. Amaqhinga namanga
• 2. Inkululeko
• 3. Ukwenyuka
• 4. Imbuyiselo

Isingathekiso esizama ukuchaza iqiniso elimbili esilibonayo.

Inganekwane kaPlato yomgede ingenye yezinganekwane ezinhle zefilosofi yamaphuzu eye yaphawula kakhulu indlela yokucabanga yamasiko aseNtshonalanga.

Ukuyiqonda kusho ukwazi izitayela zomcabango wokuthi sekungamakhulu eminyaka kubusa iYurophu neMelika, kanye nezisekelo zemibono kaPlato. Ake sibone ukuthi iqukethe ini.

UPlato nenganekwane yakhe yomgede

Le nganekwane ifanekisela umbono wemibono ehlongozwayo nguPlato, futhi iyavela emibhalweni eyingxenye yencwadi ethi The Republic. Ngokuyisisekelo, kuchaza isimo sokuqamba ukuthi isize ukuqonda indlela uPlato acabanga ngayo ubudlelwano phakathi kwenyama nezwe lemibono, nokuthi sihamba kanjani kuzo.

UPlato uqala ngokukhuluma ngamadoda athile ahlala eboshwe ngamaketanga ekujuleni komhume selokhu azalwa, engazange akwazi ukuwushiya futhi, empeleni, ngaphandle kwekhono lokubheka emuva ukuze aqonde umsuka walawo maketanga.

Ngakho-ke, bahlala njalo bebheke kolunye lwezindonga zomhume, amaketanga enamathele kubo ngemuva. Ngemuva kwabo, ebangeni elithile futhi libekwe ngenhla kwamakhanda abo, kunomlilo okhanyisa indawo kancane, futhi phakathi kwawo nalawo aboshwe ngamaketanga kukhona udonga, uPlato olingana namasu akhohliswa nabakhohlisi. ukuze amaqhinga abo angabonwa.

Phakathi kodonga nomlilo kunamanye amadoda athwala izinto ezivelela ngaphezu kodonga, ukuze isithunzi sabo sivezwa odongeni ukuthi amadoda aboshwe ngamaketanga ayacabanga. Ngale ndlela, babona umuthi wezihlahla, izilwane, izintaba buqamama, abantu abeza badlule, njll.

Izibani nezithunzi: umqondo wokuphila ngokoqobo lokuqanjiwe

UPlato ugcizelela ukuthi, ngendlela exakile njengoba kwenzeka, lawo madoda aboshwe ngamaketanga uyafana nathi abantu, ngoba bona noma thina asiboni ngaphezu kwalezozithunzi ezingamanga, ezilingisa iqiniso elikhohlisayo nelingasho lutho. Le ngqikithi eqhamuka ngokukhanya komlilo iyabaphazamisa kokungokoqobo: umhume abahlala kuwo beboshwe ngamaketanga.

Noma kunjalo, uma omunye wamadoda ebengazikhulula emaketangeni abheke emuva, ubengadideka futhi acasulwe iqiniso : isibani somlilo besizomenza abheke eceleni, futhi izibalo ezifiphele angazibona zingabonakala zingaphansi kwezangempela azibonayo. izithunzi ozibonile impilo yakho yonke. Ngokunjalo, uma othile ebengaphoqa lo muntu ukuthi ahambe lapho umlilo ubheke khona bese edlula aze aphume emgedeni, ukukhanya kwelanga bekuzobakhathaza kakhulu, bese befuna ukubuyela endaweni emnyama.

Ukuze ukwazi ukuthwebula iqiniso kuyo yonke imininingwane yalo, kuzofanela ukuthi ukujwayele, uchithe isikhathi nomzamo wokubona izinto zinjengoba zinjalo ngaphandle kokuvumela ukudideka nokucasulwa. Kodwa-ke, uma ngesinye isikhathi ebuyela emhumeni futhi wahlangana namadoda aboshwe ngamaketanga futhi, wayezohlala eyimpumputhe ngenxa yokuntula kwelanga. Ngokufanayo, noma yini ayengayisho ngomhlaba wangempela yayiyohlangatshezwa ngokuhlekwa usulu.

Inganekwane yomgede namuhla

Njengoba sibonile, inganekwane yomgede ihlanganisa uchungechunge lwemibono ejwayelekile kakhulu yefilosofi yeqiniso: ukuba khona kweqiniso elikhona ngaphandle kwemibono yabantu, ukuba khona kwenkohliso engapheli okusenza siqhelelane nayo. iqiniso, kanye noshintsho lwekhwalithi olubandakanyekile ekufinyeleleni lelo qiniso: uma selaziwa, akusekho ukubuyela emuva.

Lezi zithako zingasetshenziswa nasempilweni yansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi endleleni abezindaba nemibono ye-hegemonic ehlela ngayo imibono yethu nendlela yethu yokucabanga ngaphandle kokuqaphela thina. Ake sibheke ukuthi izigaba zenganekwane yomhume kaPlato zingahambisana kanjani nezimpilo zethu zamanje:

1. Amaqhinga namanga

Ukukhohlisa, okungavela ekuzimiseleni ukugcina abanye benolwazi oluncane noma ngenxa yokuntuleka kwenqubekela phambili yesayensi nefilosofi, bekungaba yinto yezithunzi ezihamba odongeni lomhume. Ngokombono kaPlato, le nkohliso ayisona isithelo senhloso yothile, kepha umphumela wokuthi iqiniso elibonakalayo liyisibonakaliso seqiniso langempela: lelo lomhlaba wemibono.

Esinye sezici ezichaza ukuthi kungani amanga enethonya elingaka empilweni yomuntu ukuthi, kulesi sazi sefilosofi esingumGreki, sakhiwa yilokho okubonakala kubonakala ngombono ongaphezulu. Uma singenasizathu sokubuza okuthile, asinaso, futhi amanga aso ayanqoba.

2. Inkululeko

Isenzo sokugqashula emaketangeni kungaba yizenzo zokuhlubuka esivame ukuzibiza ngokuthi yizinguquko, noma amashifu weparadigm. Vele, akulula ukudlubulundela, ngoba yonke inhlalo yomphakathi iya kolunye uhlangothi.

Kulokhu bekungeke kube ngukuguquka kwezenhlalo, kepha kube ngazodwana futhi kube ngokwakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkululeko isho ukubona ukuthi zingaki izinkolelo ezifakwe ngaphakathi ezixegayo, okuveza ukungaqiniseki nokukhathazeka. Ukwenza lo mbuso unyamalale, kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngomqondo wokuthola ulwazi olusha. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlala ungenzanga lutho, ngokusho kukaPlato.

3. Ukwenyuka

Ukhuphukela eqinisweni kungaba inqubo ebizayo futhi engathandeki ebandakanya ukuyiyeka ibanjwe ngokujulile izinkolelo. Ngalesi sizathu, kuwuguquko olukhulu lwengqondo olubonakala ekulahleni iziqinisekiso zakudala nasekuvulekeni kwamaqiniso, okukaPlato okuyisisekelo salokho okukhona ngempela (kithi nakithi).

UPlato wakunaka ukuthi izimo zabantu zangaphambilini ngendlela abahlangabezana ngayo nesikhathi samanje, futhi yingakho ethathe ngokuthi ushintsho olukhulu endleleni yokuqonda izinto kumele luholele ekuphatheni nasekuxekeni. Eqinisweni, lo ngomunye wemibono osobala ngendlela yakhe yokufanekisa lowo mzuzu ngomfanekiso womuntu ozama ukuphuma emhumeni esikhundleni sokuhlala ethule futhi kuthi lapho efika ngaphandle, athole ukukhanya okungaboni kwegumbi . ngokoqobo.

4. Imbuyiselo

Imbuyiselo kuzoba yisigaba sokugcina senganekwane, esasiyosabalalisa ukusatshalaliswa kwemibono emisha, okuthi, ngoba ziyashaqisa, zingadala ukudideka, ukwedelela noma inzondo yokubuza imibuzo eyisisekelo eyakha umphakathi.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuqondene noPlato umqondo weqiniso wawuhlanganiswa nomqondo wokuhle nokuhle, umuntu okwazile ukuthola iqiniso langempela unesibopho sokuziphatha sokwenza abanye abantu bazikhulule ekungazini, ngakho-ke kufanele asakaze ulwazi.

Ngendlela efanayo nothisha wakhe, uSocrates, uPlato wayekholelwa ukuthi imihlangano yomphakathi mayelana nokuziphatha okufanele ingaphansi kobuhle obutholakala ekufinyeleleni ulwazi lweqiniso. Ngakho-ke, yize imibono yalabo ababuyela emhumeni ishaqisa futhi ihlasela abanye, igunya lokwabelana ngeqiniso libaphoqa ukuba babhekane nalamanga amadala.

Lo mqondo wokugcina wenza inganekwane yomhume kaPlato hhayi indaba eqondile yenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. Kungumqondo wokufinyelela olwazini lokho kuqala ngombono wokuzimela, yebo: kungumuntu okuthi, ngezindlela zakhe siqu, afinyelele kweqiniso ngomzabalazo wakhe wokulwa nenkohliso nenkohliso, into ejwayelekile ezindleleni ezinemibono ezisekelwe esakhiweni se-solipsism. Kodwa-ke, lapho umuntu esefinyelele kuleso sigaba, kufanele alethe ulwazi kwabanye.

Impela, umqondo wokwabelana ngeqiniso nabanye wawungeyona neze isenzo sentando yeningi, njengoba besingawuqonda namuhla; kwakumane kuyigunya lokuziphatha elalivela emibonweni kaPlato yemibono, futhi lokho kwakungadingeki ukuthi kuhumushe kube ngcono ezimweni ezibonakalayo zempilo emphakathini.