Amandla Amangazayo Okufuna Umthamo Wansuku zonke Wokwesaba

’[Ngisahleli] ngezwa isazi sezinkanyezi, lapho safunda khona ngehlombe elikhulu egumbini lokufundela. Ngokushesha, ngingaziwa, ngakhathala futhi ngagula; Ngize ngivuke futhi ngiphume ngiphume ngaphandle, ngizulazule ngedwa, Emoyeni wobusuku ongaqondakali, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile, Ngibheke ngokuthula okuphelele ezinkanyezini. "- UWalt Whitman (" The Learn'd Astronomer "kusuka ku- Amahlamvu Otshani, Uhlelo luka-1867)

Ucwaningo olusha luphakamisa ukuthi ukuguqula ukunaka komuntu uye entweni "enkulu kunakho" phakathi nokuhamba ngaphandle kwemizuzu eyi-15 (okungenani kanye ngeviki amasonto ayisishiyagalombili) kuthuthukisa umuzwa wokwesaba-okuvame ukukhulisa imizwa emihle, yokuxhumana okuhle futhi kunciphise ukucindezeleka . Lolu cwaningo (Sturm et al., 2020) lushicilelwe ngoSepthemba 21 kumagazini obuyekezwe ngontanga Umzwelo .

Lolu cwaningo lungezela ebufakazini obukhulayo (lapha, lapha, lapha, lapha) okuhlobene nezinzuzo ze-psychophysiological zokuhlakulela ukwesaba ukubona noma yiluphi ulwazi lwenoveli noma "wow!" umzuzu odonsela ukunaka kude kuwe futhi othuthukise umqondo omncane wobuyena (okungukuthi, "umuntu omncane").

Phakathi nalolu cwaningo lwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili, umbhali wokuqala uVirginia Sturm kanye nozakwabo e-UCSF's Memory and Aging Center (MAC) naseGlobal Brain Health Institute (GBHI) bathole ukuthi abantu abadala asebekhulile abafikelwa ukwesaba ngaphambi kokuthatha uhambo lwemizuzu eyi-15 ngaphandle babike imizwelo eyakhayo kanye nosizi oluncane ezimpilweni zabo zansuku zonke kuneqembu elilawulayo elihamba ngesilinganiso esifanayo (noma ngaphezulu) kepha abayalelwanga ukuthi babheke ngaphandle "izikhathi ezesabekayo" ngenkathi behamba.

Ngezansi kunesiqeshana esivela emiyalweni ethi 'awe walk' enikezwe iqembu elilodwa labahlanganyeli besifundo:

’Ngokubuka okulungile, ukwesaba kungatholakala cishe noma yikuphi, kepha kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kwenzeke ezindaweni ezibandakanya izici ezimbili ezibalulekile: ubukhulu bomzimba nobusha. Lezi zindawo zingafaka izilungiselelo zemvelo, njengomzila ogcwele izihlahla ezinde, noma izilungiselelo zasemadolobheni, njengomgwaqo wedolobha ogcwele ababhilidi. Akunandaba ukuthi ukhetha ukuthatha kuphi ukuhamba kwakho, le mihlahlandlela emibili ejwayelekile kufanele ikhulise amathuba akho okuthola izikhathi ezesabekayo.’

"Imizwa engemihle, ikakhulukazi isizungu, inemiphumela emibi ebhalwe phansi empilweni yabantu abadala, ikakhulukazi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-75," kusho umlobi oholayo uSturm, ongusolwazi ophathelene nesayensi yezinzwa, ezengqondo, kanye nokuziphatha e-UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, kusho ukukhishwa kwezindaba. "Esikukhombisa lapha ukuthi ukungenelela okulula kakhulu - okuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi kwesinye isikhathi sisebenzise amandla ethu nokunaka kwethu ngaphandle kunokungena ngaphakathi - kungaholela ekuthuthukeni okukhulu enhlalakahleni engokomzwelo."

Yize ukungena ngaphakathi kukodwa kungakhulisa inhlalakahle ye-subjective, lolu cwaningo lugxile ebhonasi eyengeziwe yokuguqula ngokucophelela ukucabanga komuntu kude naye.

Akudingeki ukuthi ubuke okuthile okuhle kakhulu emhlathini endaweni exotic (isb., Iziqongo zeqhwa zaseKilimanjaro ekuphumeni kwelanga) ukuze uzizwe ukhungathekile; ukwesaba kungenzeka ezindaweni ezingekho emigwaqweni eseduze nekhaya lakho okungenzeka ukuthi uzibe noma ungazange uvakashele isikhashana.

Ukuzwa umuzwa wokumangala kuvame ukuxhumaniswa nalokho abacwaningi abakubiza ngokuthi "umuntu omncane." Ngo-2015, uPaul Piff wase-University of California, e-Irvine, washicilela ucwaningo oluthi, "Awe, the Small Self, and Prosocial Behavior." Lolu cwaningo luthole ukuthi okwenza ababambiqhaza bocwaningo bazizwe benokwesaba ngenkathi bebuka esigodini semibhoshongo , Izihlahla ezingama-200 ubude be-Tasmanian eucalyptus eduze kwase-Berkeley campus kukhulise isimilo sokuziphatha okuhle.

Kulolu cwaningo, uPiff wasebenzisana nombhali omkhulu uDacher Keltner, umqondisi osungula iGreater Good Science Center kanye noprofesa wezengqondo e-University of California, eBerkeley. UKeltner uyiphayona elidume umhlaba wonke kumcabango nocwaningo oluhlobene nokwesaba. Kwi New York Times isihloko esithi, "Kungani Sizwa Ukwesaba?" UPiff noKeltner bachaza ucwaningo lwabo (2015) lokwesaba:

’Ucwaningo lwethu luthola ukuthi ngisho nokuhlangenwe nakho okufushane kokwesaba, okufana nokuba phakathi kwezihlahla ezinhle ezinde, kuholela abantu ekuthini bazizwe bengeyona indelelo futhi benelungelo futhi benamathele kakhulu ebuntwini obujwayelekile abantu abahlanganyela omunye komunye. Esenzweni esikhulu sokulinganisela ezimpilweni zethu zenhlalo, phakathi kokuthokozisa intshisekelo yakho nokukhathalela abanye, ulwazi oludlulayo lokwesaba lukuchaza kabusha uqobo ngokuhlangana, nokuqondisa izenzo zethu ezidingweni zalabo abasizungezile.’

Ngaphezu kokugcwalisa okufakwe emaphephabhukwini ngemuva kohambo ngalunye, isifundo sakamuva (2020) samandla okuthatha 'ama-awe walk' sicele ababambiqhaza ukuthi babhale ama-ambles abo angaphandle ngama-selfie athile ekuqaleni, maphakathi, nasekupheleni kohambo ngalunye.

Okumangaze kakhulu abacwaningi, ukuhlaziywa kwama-selfies kukhombise ukushintsha okubonakalayo kokuthi abantu abake babhekana nokwesaba bazakhele kanjani ezithombeni, kanye nosayizi wokumamatheka kwabo. Kusifundo sonke samasonto ayisishiyagalombili, abantu abahlale bezwa ukwesaba bazenze baba bancane kuma-selfies futhi banikezela isikhala esithe xaxa kwimvelo yemvelo ngemuva; baphinde bakhombisa ukumamatheka okukhulu.

"Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zokwesaba ukuthi kukhuthaza lokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'ukuzithanda okuncane,' umuzwa onempilo wokulingana phakathi kwakho nesithombe esikhulu sezwe elikuzungezile," kuphawula uSturm. "Ukukhuluma iqiniso, besinqume ukwenza lokhu kuhlaziywa kwama-selfie ababambiqhaza ku-lark - bengingalindele neze ukuthi sizokwazi ukubhala ikhono lokwesaba lokwenza umuntu omncane ophile kahle ngokomzwelo kwikhamera!"

UStrm ubambisene noDacher Keltner kulolu cwaningo. Ekukhishweni kwezindaba zangoSepthemba 21, uphinde waqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzwa umuzwa omncane wokuzimela kungenzeka ezimweni ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene; ukwesaba akwenzeki emvelweni kuphela.

"Ukwesaba umuzwa omuhle obangelwa ukuqaphela okuthile okukhulu kakhulu kunakho uqobo futhi okungaqondakali masishane — njengendalo, ubuciko, umculo, noma ukubanjwa isenzo sokubambisana njengomkhosi, ikhonsathi, noma imashi yezepolitiki," kusho uKeltner kusho. "Ukwesaba kungaletha izinzuzo eziningi, kufaka phakathi isikhathi esandisiwe nemizwa ekhulayo yokuphana, inhlalakahle nokuthobeka."