I-Underwater Sharpshooter
-Delile
- Amaphuzu abalulekile
- Amathe athathe
- Usizo oluncane oluvela emaphikweni ami
- I-bevy yokuguquguquka kokuziphatha
Amaphuzu abalulekile
- I-Archerfish ikhafula izindiza zamanzi ukukhipha izinambuzane nezinye izilwane ezincane ezivela emagatsheni angenhla kwamanzi.
- Imigwaqo esheshayo ye-fin ihlanganiswe ngokuqinile nokudubula, ikakhulukazi i-flap esheshayo esheshayo yamaphiko we-pectoral.
- Lokhu kuhamba kwesikhathi okunesikhathi esifanele kuyadingeka ukuzinzisa umdubuli ekunqobeni lapho kudedelwa indiza yamanzi.
- I-Archerfish inezimo eziningi zokuziphatha ezizenza zikwazi ukuzingela inyamazane esemhlabeni.
UStefan Schuster, uprofesa we-physiology yezilwane e-University of Bayreuth eJalimane, uchithe isikhathi esiningi kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule engena emakhono amangalisayo e-archerfish. Lezi zinhlanzi ezincane, ezizalelwa emachwebeni anemifula emikhulu yemifula eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nase-Australia, aziwa ngokuziphatha okukodwa okukhethekile: indlela yazo ehlukile yokuzingela inyamazane esemhlabeni.
I-Archerfish ikhafula izindiza zamanzi ukukhipha izinambuzane nezinye izilwane ezincane ezihlala emagatsheni noma emaqabunga ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Izinhlanzi zinezibhamu ezinembe ngokumangazayo, ezikwazi ukwehlisa inyamazane efinyelela kumamitha amathathu (10 ft) ngaphezulu kwamanzi. (Buka ividiyo mayelana nokuziphatha lapha.)
Futhi ngokusho kukaSchuster nabanye abasebenza nabo, i-archerfish izodubula ngenjabulo nganoma yini.
“Ungabaqeqesha ukuthi badubule izinto ezingezona eziwela emanzini bese ubavuza ngokunye,” usho kanje. “Lokhu kwenza izivivinyo eziningi mayelana nokuziphatha kokudubula kwenzeke. Futhi wonke umuntu oselebhu unombono wokuthi kumnandi ngempela ngabo ukufaka isandla kulolo vivinyo! ”
Amathe athathe
Ukuze benze ucwaningo, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, uSchuster nozakwabo uPeggy Gerullis baqeqesha i-archerfish ukudubula izindiza zabo zamanzi ezindaweni ezihleliwe emathangini abo. Bathola ukuthi izinhlanzi zivula futhi zivale imilomo yazo ngobuqili ukuze zilungise ukuma nejubane lezindiza zazo, kuye ngebanga lempokophelo.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa kwamavidiyo ashesha kakhulu ezinhlanzi ezimbili eziqeqeshiwe, abacwaningi baqaphela okuthile okuxakile. Izinhlanzi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-archerfish zazimile lapho zikhipha izindiza zazo. Kepha ngaphambi kokudubula kwezinhlanzi, baqala ukuhambisa amaphiko abo we-pectoral phambili. Le minyakazo ibonakale ixhumene nokudubula.
Ngakho-ke uSchuster noGerullis baphinde bahlaziya amavidiyo abo, kulokhu ngamehlo abo emaphoyiseni. Baphinde bathinta nomcwaningi abasebenza naye e-archerfish uCaroline Reinel, obefuna ukunyakaza okuphelele kumavidiyo kusuka ekuhlolweni kokudubula okungaqeqeshiwe ngokudubula ngokukhululekile. Uthole ukuthi ukunyakaza kokugcina bekuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile nayo yonke inhlamvu ye-archerfish.
“Sonke sikuthole kuhlaba umxhwele ukuthi yonke inhlanzi ibisenza lolu phiko olusheshayo noludlulayo lwamaphiko e-pectoral,” kusho uSchuster. "Sicabanga ukuthi yingxenye ebalulekile futhi ebinganakwa ngaphambili ngokudutshulwa kwe-archerfish."
Usizo oluncane oluvela emaphikweni ami
Ephepheni elishicilelwe ku Ijenali ye-Biology Yokuhlola , USchuster, uGerullis noReinel bachaza lezi zindlela zokuhamba ezisheshayo futhi bakhombisa ukuthi zivunyelaniswe nokudubula.
Abaphenyi bathola ukuthi, ngaphambi nje kokudutshulwa ngakunye, lapho inhlanzi imile, amaphiko ayo asepectoral aqala ukundiza phambili ngokushesha. Ukuqala nobude besikhathi sokunyakaza okuphambili kubonakala kuncike ekuphakameni kwelitshe.
USchuster nozakwabo bathi ukunyakaza kokugcina kungenzeka kudlale indima ekhonweni eliyingqayizivele le-archerfish lokudubula izindiza zamanzi ezinamandla, ezihamba amabanga amade. Isikhathi sokuhamba kwemikhumbi maqondana namandla okulindela okulindelekile avela e-jet sikhombisa ukuthi ziyadingeka ukugcina izinhlanzi zokudubula zizinzile.
USchuster uthi: “Lokhu kungesinye sezici zokuziphatha ezenza i-archerfish ikhange. “Cishe yisilinganiso samakhono abo esenza lezi zinhlanzi zikhetheke kangaka.”
I-bevy yokuguquguquka kokuziphatha
Ngokwemvelo, i-archerfish izungezwe izimbangi eziningi. Uma i-archerfish eyodwa iphumelela ekukhipheni inyamazane yasemhlabeni, bese iwela emanzini, umcibisheli kufanele enze izinqumo ezisheshayo nezinembile zokufika lapho ngaphambi kwanoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi.
USchuster uthi: “Ukube yonke into edonswa i-archerfish ibingakwenza nje, isisulu besingalahleka,” kusho uSchuster. Ezinye izinhlanzi, ezinye ezikulungele kangcono ukuthola amaza angaphezulu kwamanzi, zingamshaya lowo odubulayo ziye lapho kwawela khona isisulu.
Ngokusho kukaSchuster, yonke inhlamvu ye-archerfish idinga uchungechunge lwezibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi: Akuzona nje kuphela ukuthi izinhlanzi kufanele zikhombe izindiza zazo zamanzi ngenkathi zinxephezela ukukhishwa kanye nebanga, kepha futhi kufanele zinqume ngqo ukuthi inyamazane yazo izofika kuphi futhi ifike kuqala.
USchuster uphenya lezi zinqumo ezisheshayo e-archerfish futhi uthole ukuthi, ngokususelwa ekubukeni ukuhamba kokuqala kwesisulu esiwayo, inhlanzi yenza ukuma okusheshayo okuyijikisa lapho izongena khona inyamazane futhi kuyinike ijubane lokufika ngasikhathi sinye inyamazane.
“Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho nje okuthile kuqala ukuwa, izinhlanzi sezivele zisendleleni futhi zisendaweni efanele ngaphambi kokuba ezinye izinhlanzi zize ziqaphele ukuthi kukhona okwenzekile,” kusho uSchuster. "Futhi bathatha isinqumo sakhe cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ama-ms angu-40 kuphela anele."
Ngisho nalokhu okutholakele muva nje, uSchuster uthi ulwazi lwethu lwe-archerfish luselinganiselwe.
Uthi: "Eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, i-archerfish ibilokhu isimangaza," esho.
“Kunezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane okumele zikwazi ukwenza izinto ezimangazayo ukuze ziphile. Uma ubheka eduze naseduze, uzohlala uthola okuningi. ”
Imibhalo Ethandekayo
Kungani Imiklomelo Ye-Run-of-the Mill Ingalahlekelwa Isikhalazo Sabo
