‘Wellness-Informed’: Izisekelo Zokuzijwayeza

-Delile

• Amaphuzu abalulekile
• Umongo Wethu Wokhokho
• Umongo Wethu Wokhokho Wezingane
• I-Nestedness eguqukile
• Isiphetho

Amaphuzu abalulekile

• Ukuthuthukisa impilo kufanele kube umgomo wethu, hhayi nje ukugwema ukuhlukumezeka.
• Ukuqonda impilo yabantu kudinga ukuqonda okwehlukene kwemikhakha yokusebenza komuntu nentuthuko.
• Ukwaziswa kahle kudinga ukuqonda ukukhuliswa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane (isidleke esivele savela).

Umkhuba "onolwazi lokuhlukumezeka" uthatha ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi amaklayenti noma abafundi noma abasebenzi bahlukunyeziwe, ngaleyo ndlela, bashintshe imikhuba yalesi sikhungo ukuthi ikhumbule. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umkhuba "onolwazi kahle" usho ukuqonda okusiza izingane nabantu abadala namaqembu ukuthi baphumelele. Isikhungo sisebenzisa lolu lwazi emisebenzini yalo ukuthuthukisa izimpilo zabantu kanye neqembu. Njengoba “ukwaziswa kahle kahle” kungumqondo omusha, sidinga isizinda esithile ngaphambi kokuba imikhuba ethile ezindaweni ezithile ikhonjwe futhi ixoxwe. Isizinda esijwayelekile ukugxila lapha.

Lapho sithatha indlela eyahlukene yokuthuthuka komuntu kanye nemvelo yomuntu, sithola izisekelo zemikhuba enolwazi ngokuphila kahle. Yini esingayifunda?

• Ukuthi ubuntu babantu bungaba nokuthula okuningi kangakanani kunezinganekwane mayelana nesikhathi esedlule, ngokusekelwe ekusekelweni komphakathi nasemigomeni (Fry, 2006, 2013; Fry et al., 2021).
• Ukuguquguquka okunamandla kokumiswa kweqembu lomphakathi, ukuthi asikho sendleleni eqondile esingakwazi ukubalekela (okungukuthi, ukuthi singabuyela egalitarianism) (Graeber & Wengrow, 2018, 2021; Power, 2019).
• Okudingayo ukuxhasa ubudlelwane obunenhlonipho, nobusimeme nomhlaba wemvelo.
• Yini izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zokukhulisa abantu ababambisene abanempilo.
• Yini inhlobo ejwayelekile yenhlalo nokuziphatha.
• Okusiza abantu abadala baphumelele.

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, ngihlola izisekelo zokuhlola izindlela zokuba yinhlalakahle-okuwukuthi, umkhuba owazi kahle impilo. Kokuthunyelwe okulandelayo, ngizobheka imfundo enolwazi ngokuphila kahle, umndeni kanye nempilo yokusebenza.

Umongo Wethu Wokhokho

Izifundo eziningi ze-anthropological zigxile emiphakathini engathuthukisiwe, nokunikeza ukuqonda eminyakeni engama-200,000 yokuphila kwethu njengohlobo, i-homo sapiens (Lee & Daly, 2005). Eminye imiphakathi yabantu sekuneminyaka engaphezu kwe-150,000 ikhona, njengeSan Bushmen (Suzman, 2017), omugqa wayo wamagciwane wabiwa nabo bonke abantu abakhona (Henn et al., 2011). NjengamaBushman, abantu abaningi abake baba khona bahlala emiphakathini yabazingeli. (Khumbula ukuthi impucuko ibilokhu iyingxenye yesintu kuphela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zeminyaka edlule.)

Ukubuyela emuva, ukuqhathanisa ezenhlalo nezemvelo, ngamathuluzi we-neuroscience, kusinikeza ukuqonda ezigidini zeminyaka yobukhona bethu bohlobo njengengxenye yolayini lwezilwane ezincelisayo ezikhona amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka (isib. ) (isib. (McDonald, 1998; Suzuki & Hirata, 2012). Siyizilwane ezincelisayo zomphakathi, umugqa owavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-20 kuya kwengu-40 edlule, egcina izici eziningi zobuchopho nezidingo eziyisisekelo zezilwane ezincelisayo ngokuvamile (UFranklin noMansuy, 2010; Panksepp, 1998; Spinka, Newberry & Bekoff, 2001) .Izidingo eziyisisekelo zibaluleke kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nazo zisencane lapho ubuchopho nomzimba kusakhiwa, kufaka phakathi ukugcwaliswa okugcwele kwalabo abaziwa ngeMaslow.

Izidingo zezilwane zethu zibandakanya ukondleka nokufudumala kepha izidingo zethu zezilwane ezincelisayo zibandakanya ukuthinta okuthandekayo, ukudlala, ukubopha okukhulu, nokusekelwa komphakathi (ICarter & Porges, 2013; Champagne, 2014; Chevrud & Wolf, 2009). Izifundo ze-anthropological zisikhombisa ukuthi njengabantu nathi sikhula kahle kakhulu lapho sabelana nge-intersubjectivity ("limbic resonance;" Lewis Amini & Lannon, 2001) nabantu abadala abaningi, lapho bacwiliswa emasikweni nasezindabeni zomphakathi nalapho izingane zifunda emisebenzini yabantu abadala (Hewlett & IWundlu, i-2005; i-Hrdy, i-2009; i-Sorenson, i-1998; i-Weissner, i-2014).

I-genus homo ichithe 99% yobukhona bayo — ama-95% ezinhlotsheni zethu, i-homo sapiens - kumaqembu okudla (Fry, 2006). Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi imizimba yethu nobuchopho bethu baguquka futhi bavumelana nalesi simo sokhokho, esibizwa ngemvelo yokuguquguquka kokuguquguquka (Bowlby, 1969). Lapho kubonakala kubaluleke kakhulu enhlalakahleni yesikhathi eside kusekuncane.

Umongo Wethu Wokhokho Wezingane

Ukunaka umongo wokhokho babantu wezingane kwaqala ukudonswa nguJohn Bowlby (1969) ngawo-1950. Ubalule ukuthi imicabango ejwayelekile mayelana nokukhula kwengane enikezwa ngokuziphatha kanye nokuhlolwa kwengqondo kukaFreudian ngaleso sikhathi akukwazanga ukuchaza ukusabela okonakele kwezingane nezintandane ezihlukaniswe ngumndeni phakathi nangemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Esebenzisa indlela yokuziphatha, wabona ukuthi izingane zidinga okungaphezu kwemfudumalo, indawo yokuhlala kanye nokudla okuvela kubazali bazo. Njengezinye izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, izingane “zenzelwe” ukunamathela kubanakekeli abasabelayo ngesikhathi sokuqala ukuzwela futhi ziyahlupheka lapho zihlukaniswa. U-Bowlby uphinde wabona uhlelo lokunamathisela abanakekeli olusiza ukukhulisa ukunakekelwa kwezingane futhi lukwenze kujabulise (Bowlby, 1969). Ukukhulisa izingane kwaseMammalia kuyinto! (IKrasnegor, neBridges, 2010).

Yize zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zenhlalo zisengozini yokuthola imiphumela emibi kusuka ekukhulisweni kahle, izingane ezingabantu zisengozini enkulu. Izingane lapho zizalwa ngokugcwele zizalwa zine-25% kuphela yevolumu yobuchopho yabantu abadala; ubuchopho buyiphinda kathathu ubukhulu bayo eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala ngokunakekelwa, kanti ubukhulu bobuchopho nokusebenza kungakhuli ngosayizi noma yinkimbinkimbi ngokunganakwa (Perry et al., 1995). Izingane zifana nemibungu yezinye izilwane kuze kube sezinyangeni eziyi-18 zeminyaka yokubeletha, okusho ukuthi zinokuningi okumele zikhule futhi zizihlele ngokwazo ngokuya ngesipiliyoni somzimba nezenhlalo.

Ngokucwaninga okunamathiselwe kwengane okulandelayo, manje sesiyazi ukuthi amasistimu amaningi obuchopho athonywe yisipiliyoni sokuqala nabanakekeli, ngakho-ke imiphumela yesipiliyoni sokuqala inemiphumela yesikhathi eside ye-neurobiological (Schore, 2019). Isibonelo, i-hemisphere yobuchopho efanele ihlelelwe ukukhula ngokushesha eminyakeni yokuqala yempilo ngokunakekelwa kokondla. Ukunakekelwa kungathuthukisi indawo elungile engadala izinkinga zempilo yengqondo kamuva.

Ubuchopho besilisa buthinteka kakhulu ekunakekelweni ngaphansi ngenxa yokuqina okuncane okwakhelwe ngaphakathi nokuvuthwa okuhamba kancane kunobuchopho besifazane (Schore, 2017). Badinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kepha sibanikeza okuncane, kubashiye bathembele ezinhlelweni zasendulo zokubusa / zokuhambisa. Lapho sebekhulile baba lukhuni ngenxa yokungakhuli kahle kobuchopho, njengoba abakwa-psychotherapists bephawula (iTweedy, 2021).

I-Nestedness eguqukile

I-Scholarship emasikweni athuthukile imvamisa inombono omncane wobuntu, imincane kakhulu kangangoba izazi zefilosofi zize zicabange nokuthi ingane ingaba njani esiqhingini sodwa. Noma ngubani owazi umlando womuntu angathola umbuzo onjalo ungenangqondo. Akukho ngane engenamama noma umama-wengane ochumayo ngaphandle kokuxhaswa ngumphakathi, njengoba ukwesekwa komama kwenza umehluko obucayi wokuthi ingane ivele kanjani (Hrdy, 2009; Hawkes, O'Connell, & Blurton-Jones, 1989). Ingane iswele kangangokuba kudinga isethi yabantu abadala abasabelayo ukuze ingane izizwe isekelwa. Isidleke esivelile sinikeza ukusekelwa okufanele kuyo yonke indlela yokukhula, okuhambisana nendlela yempilo yengane.

Isiphetho

Ukuqondiswa okunolwazi ngezempilo kusishukumisela ukuba siqonde izidingo eziyisisekelo zezinhlobo zethu nokuthi singahlangabezana kanjani nazo nokuthi zihlangana kanjani nazo (Gowdy, 1998). Ngokusebenzisa imikhakha eyahlukene, sifunda ngemiphumela izidingo ezithile noma imikhuba ethile ekuthuthukeni nasenhlalakahleni yabantu. Ukuqonda okunjalo kusisiza ukuthi siqonde ukuthi yini ekhuthaza impilo enhle noma cha ezweni lanamuhla. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sikhethe ngokucophelela izisekelo zokwenza okuhle futhi sisebenzise imikhuba ekhuthaza inhlalakahle, esizoyihlola kokuthunyelwe okulandelayo.

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