Kungani Sihlukanisa I-Psychiatry ne-Neurology?

-Delile

• Ukufundwa Okubalulekile Kwe-Psychiatry
• Ukuhlanganisa Ukunakekelwa Kwengqondo Nemikhuba Yokunakekelwa Okuyisisekelo

Njengoba ukuthuthuka kwe-neurobiology kanye ne-genetics kuveza ukuhlangana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwesakhiwo sobuchopho, ukusebenza, kanye nezimpawu zokugula kwengqondo, kube nezingcingo ezivuselelwe zokubeka kabusha ukugula kwengqondo njengesifo sohlelo lwezinzwa. Lokhu kuqokonyiswa ezitatimendeni zomphakathi yizibalo ezivelele ezifundweni zengqondo zaseMelika, njengokugomela kukaThomas Insel kokuthi ukugula ngengqondo yisifo sobuchopho kanye nesiphakamiso sika-Eric Kandel sokuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kwengqondo ne-neurology.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezifo zengqondo ne-neurology bekulokhu kuyinto ethokozisayo nengxabanisayo, futhi lezi zingxoxo eziphikisana nobudlelwano phakathi kwesifo sengqondo nezinzwa akuyona into entsha. Cishe eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule, udokotela wezinzwa ovelele nodokotela wezifo zengqondo uWilhelm Griesinger (1845) wagcizelela ukuthi "zonke izifo zengqondo ziyizifo zobuchopho," impikiswano enanelwa ezinkulumweni zakamuva ezifana nalezi zika-Insel noKandel.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, udokotela wezifo zengqondo nesazi sefilosofi uKarl Jaspers (1913), ebhala cishe ikhulu leminyaka ngemuva kukaGreisinger, waphikisa ngokuthi "akubanga khona ukugcwaliseka kwethemba lokuthi ukubonwa kwemitholampilo, komlando wempilo kanye nomphumela kungaveza isici ukuqoqwa okwakuzoqinisekiswa kamuva kokutholakele kobuchopho "(ikhasi 568).

Iphepha lakamuva elishicilelwe ku- Ijenali ye-Neuropsychiatry ne-Clinical Neurosciences iqala, "Ngenkathi izitho eziningi zinokukhethekile okukhethekile kwezokwelapha, ubuchopho buhlukaniswe ngokomlando baba imikhakha emibili, i-neurology kanye ne-psychiatry" (UPerez, Keshavan, Scharf, Boes, & Price, 2018, p. 271), ukubeka kahle izifo zengqondo njenge okukhethekile okubhekene nezifo zobuchopho.

Ngithi lezi ziphakamiso zokuhlelwa kabusha kwezifo zengqondo njengezifo zemithambo yegazi zisuselwa ephutheni lesigaba esiyisisekelo nokuthi umehluko phakathi kokusebenza kwengqondo ne-neurology akuyona into ephikisayo.

Lokhu akukhona ukuphika ukuthinteka komzimba, okungukuthi, ukuthi ingqondo ikhona ngenxa yobuchopho, futhi ngiyathumela ukuthi kungenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa ukwamukela ukuthi ingqondo ingumsebenzi wobuchopho nokuthi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo akunakuncishiswa ukuphazamiseka kobuchopho. Ukuze senze lokhu, ake siqale sihlole umehluko phakathi kokugula kwengqondo nezinzwa bese sihlola isimangalo sokuthi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kungancishiselwa kwizifo zobuchopho.

Izifo ze-neurological, ngencazelo, izifo zesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi nepheripheral, futhi ngokuvamile zingakhonjwa ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okunenhloso, njenge-electroencephalography yesifo sokuwa kanye nemifanekiso yamagnetic resonance yesimila sobuchopho. Izifo eziningi zemizwa zingaba njalo okwenziwe kwasendaweni, Incazelo etholakala ukuthi ikhona njengesilonda endaweni ethile yobuchopho noma isistimu yezinzwa. Ngenkathi ezinye izifo zemizwa zingadala izimpawu zengqondo, njengokushintsha kwemizwelo noma ukubona, ukugula kwemizwa akuhlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nalokhu kungahambi kahle kwengqondo, futhi kuba khona ngemuva kwemiphumela emibi yesifo ohlelweni lwezinzwa.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukugula kwengqondo noma kwengqondo kubonakaliswa ukuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo emitholampilo emicabangweni, emizweni, noma ekuziphatheni komuntu. I- Incwajana Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo ngokwesayensi ayithathi hlangothi ngesizathu sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, futhi, ngaphandle kwezimangalo eziphikisayo ngabahlengikazi, odokotela bezengqondo baseMelika abakaze bachaze ngokusemthethweni ukugula kwengqondo "njengokungalingani kwamakhemikhali" noma isifo sobuchopho (bheka amaPies, 2019).

Ngenkathi inqubekela phambili eningi yenziwe ezindaweni ze-neuroscience kanye nezofuzo ezisiza ukuqonda kwethu ngokugula kwengqondo, akusekho neyodwa i-biomarker engakhonjwa yanoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ngokomlando, kubhekwe ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo izifo ezisebenzayo, ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwabo kokusebenza, kunokuba izifo zesakhiwo, ezihlotshaniswa nokungajwayelekile okwaziwayo kwebhayoloji. I-American Psychiatric Association (2013) ichaza ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngale ndlela:

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo yisifo esivezwa ukuphazamiseka okubalulekile emtholampilo ekuqondeni komuntu, ekulawuleni imizwa, noma ekuziphatheni okukhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinqubo zengqondo, zebhayoloji, noma zentuthuko ezisebenza ukusebenza kwengqondo. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwezenhlalo, emsebenzini, noma kwezinye izinto ezibalulekile (ikhasi 20).

Ukufundwa Okubalulekile Kwe-Psychiatry

Ukuhlanganisa Ukunakekelwa Kwengqondo Nemikhuba Yokunakekelwa Okuyisisekelo