Kungani Sigxile Ngamaqhawe

Iphepha elisha elishicilelwe ephephabhukwini I-Psychology yemidiya edumile inikeza incazelo yokuthi kungani kwesinye isikhathi sizithola sisungula izimpande zabakwaTony Sopranos, Walter Whites, noHarley Quinns womhlaba. Kuhlobene nokuthi sizibona kangakanani izici zobuntu bethu kuzo.

Ngisanda kukhuluma noDara Greenwood, umbhali ophambili wocwaningo, ukuxoxa ngogqozi lwakhe lwale phrojekthi nalokho akutholile. Nasi isifinyezo sengxoxo yethu.

UMark Travers : Yini ekuhehe kulesi sihloko?

UDara Greenwood : Le phrojekthi iqalwe ngumfundi wami owayekade ekhanyayo owayenentshisekelo yokuqonda ukuthi ukuthambekela okuhlukahlukene kwezengqondo kungabalula kanjani izitho zomzimba zamaqhawe. Akuyona inhlobo yami, yize ngangilutha kakhulu ku- "House" emuva nini!

Ngabe abantu ababelana ngokuthambekela kokungahloniphi ama-antiheroes bangakuthola kukhanga ngokwengeziwe? Noma, ngabe zazikhanga kakhulu kangangoba umehluko phakathi kwababukeli kwakungafanele indaba leyo?

Sithole ukuthi ukuthambekela kokuzibika kokungahlali nabantu phakathi kwababukeli — njengobudlova neMachiavellianism — kubikezela ukukhula okuthe xaxa kwalolo hlobo nabalingiswa. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, umuntu othole amaphuzu aphezulu ebudloveni ubuye abuke nezinhlelo zama-antihero kaningi, abike ukwanda kokuthokozela kwezisusa zabo zokuziphindisela, futhi ezwe ukuthi zifana kakhulu ne-antihero oyithandayo uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abathola amaphuzu aphansi kulaka.

Kodwa-ke, le ndaba nayo yayiyinkimbinkimbi. Ababambiqhaza bebesengcupheni yokufuna ukufana neqhawe eliyintandokazi ababona linobuqhawe kakhulu kunabantu abakhohlakele, futhi imibukiso ekalwe njengodlame oluningi ibuye ihlotshaniswe namazinga aphansi obudlelwano bezinhlamvu.

Okunye okutholakele okuthakazelisayo ukuthi isigelekeqe somuntu oyedwa kwakuyiqhawe lomunye umuntu. Isibonelo, yize abantu abaningi babeka uWalter White phezulu ohlangothini lwezinto ezimbi, okungenani umuntu oyedwa umthathe njengeqhawe. Ngakho-ke, kunezendlalelo eziningi okufanele uzicabangele.

Ukuhamba : Yiziphi izici zokutshela noma izici ezingokwengqondo ze-antihero?

IGreenwood : Ososayensi baye baphawula ukuthi amaqhawe amaningi abonakala equkethe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yizici ze- “Dark Triad” —inkanyezi yokuthambekela kokungahambisani nomphakathi okubandakanya i-narcissism, i-Machiavellianism, ne-psychopathy.

Ama-antiheroes futhi angabesilisa ikakhulukazi — yize amaqhawe esifazane ngokuqinisekile ethola ukudonswa ngamandla — futhi athanda ukuba nezimpawu “zobungqingili besilisa” zokungabi nolaka noma ulaka.

Kunokwehluka okuningi okungathathwa njenge-antihero. Bangabandakanya abalingiswa abanomqondo oqonde kakhulu emndenini abangena baphume ezindleleni zokuphila ezinonya noma ezingekho emthethweni (njengoWalter White noma uTony Soprano), noma bangafaka abalingisi besitayela se-vigilante njengoJames Bond noma noBatman, abafuna ubulungiswa esikhundleni sika bona noma abanye ngezindlela ezinobudlova.

Ukuhamba : Yini ehlukanisa iqhawe lesilisa neqhawe lesifazane?

IGreenwood : Phakathi kokunye, umthamo omkhulu wama-antiheroes abesifazane mncane kakhulu kunabesilisa — okubuhlungu ukuthi kunjalo nangabalingiswa kumabhayisikobho naku-TV (owesilisa nowesifazane ababukeka sengathi uzulazula cishe ngo-2: 1).

Ocwaningweni lwethu, amaphesenti ayi-11 kuphela wabahlanganyeli akhethe abesifazane njengezintandokazi (futhi abesifazane abaningi kunabesilisa babakhethile). Kukhona futhi nemfundaze ethile ekhombisa ukuthi ama-antiheroes abesifazane angazizwa enecala kakhulu kunabesilisa abenza kabi, noma bangathandwa kangako ababukeli. Lokhu kuzolandelela neqiniso lokuthi abesifazane abephula izinkambiso zabesifazane zokuthakaselwa noma zokungenzi okuthile bangabonakala kabi kakhulu kunabesilisa abaziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Kudingeka umsebenzi omningi ukucacisa ama-nuances wokumelwa lapha.

Ukuhamba : Ngabe amanye amasiko akhangwa kakhulu ngamaqhawe kunamanye?

IGreenwood : Ngezinga ama-antihero amele uhlobo lobuntu obunobudlova, kungenzeka ukuthi athandwe kakhulu emasikweni e-individualist, noma emasikweni lapho kutshalwa khona imibono yomuntu ngamunye. Umqondo wokugqama, ukwehluka, nokuzenzela ubugovu uzenzele wena konke kulingana nalolo hlobo lwengqondo. Kodwa-ke, ukumela abanye kungahle kuhambisane nezinkambiso eziningi zamasiko eziqoqiwe. Ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka kulokhu ngaphambili.

Ukuhamba : Ingabe zikhona ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani singahlakulela ukuthanda "okungenangqondo" noma ukusondelana namaqhawe?

IGreenwood : Ngezindlela eziningi, akukhona okungenangqondo nakancane ukuxhumana nabalingiswa abalandisayo bezindaba ezenziwe ngobuciko; sivele savela ukuze sifunde ezindabeni nangokubonwa okungaqondakali. Ezinye izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zabezindaba zithi ingxenye yenjabulo yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuthuthwa” kumabhayisikobho naku-TV ukukwazi ukuzwa ingozi noma ukwephulwa kokuziphatha ukude. Vele, okuphambene nalokho ukuthi singaba nesimo esifihlekile sokunikeza ukuziphatha okungalungile noma sikukhubaze, njengoba abalingiswa beqala ukuzizwa njengabangane abathandekayo futhi njengoba sibona kaningi izenzo zobudlova. Noma, singazizwa ukuthi imikhuba yethu enobudlova inezizathu noma ibaluleke kakhulu. Kokubili ucwaningo lwesikhashana nolwesikhathi eside ngomthelela wobudlova bezindaba lukhombisa ukuthi akufanele luchazwe njengenye yezinto (eziyiningi) eziyingozi zokuhlukunyezwa.

Ukuhamba : Yimaphi amanye amaqhawe akho owathandayo?

IGreenwood : Njengoba ngishilo, bekungeyona neze uhlobo lwami. Ngiyazwela kakhulu ebudloveni banoma yiluphi uhlobo futhi ngikwazile ukudlula esiqeshini sokuqala se- "Breaking Bad."

Kodwa ngangimthanda uDkt. Kepha kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ngithonywe "yimikhuba yokuziphatha yokungahlangani." Mhlawumbe ngimyekile ngenxa yezindlela zakhe ezingekho emthethweni ngoba ekugcineni usindise izimpilo. Umbono wokuthi amaphethelo athethelele izindlela uhambisana nengqondo eyengeziwe kaMachiavellian. Hmm ...