Ubuchopho bakho ekudaleni

Ukudala kumane nje kuxhuma izinto. Uma ubuza abantu abanobuciko ukuthi benze kanjani okuthile, bazizwa benecala elincane ngoba bebengakwenzi ngempela, bavele babona okuthile. Kubonakale kusobala kubo ngemuva kwesikhashana. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi bakwazile ukuxhuma okuhlangenwe nakho abake baba nakho futhi bahlanganisa izinto ezintsha. —Steve Imisebenzi

Ubuciko buyamangalisa. Ukudlala kuyamangalisa. Ukuba ngowokuqala kuyamangaza. Okumangazayo, okumangazayo, okuvusa amadlingozi, okungaqondakali. Ukwehlukana kuvula amathuba, kudale ukuguquguquka kube okungajwayelekile, ukugqama esixukwini futhi kuphilise abanye ngokubonisa okuphelele kobuhlakani nobuciko. Uma ujwayelene nemvelo, lapho amahlaya esebenza kahle futhi nesikhathi silungile, imibono iyageleza ... ngobuciko obukhuluma ne-zeitgeist, bamba okungenakuphikwa ngendlela engenakuphikiswa ...

Uma ingekho esiteji, inqubo yokudala ingakhuphuka ibe nesizungu, noma ulahle ithemba, ikushiye uzizwa uxoshiwe futhi uthulisiwe ngaphakathi. Abahlakaniphileyo bayaqaphela, noma kunjalo, ukuthi ukuba nobuciko akuhlali kuhambisana nokudlala. Kwabaningi, ubuciko kuyibhizinisi elibucayi, futhi hhayi ukudlala. Njenge-tango, kuthatha amabili ukudlala. Eqinisweni, uma umuntu oyedwa edlala kanti omunye engadlali, akukhona ukudlala - kuyinto engavumelani nemicabango, engaqali ukuqala okungagcina sekuyinhlekisa nokungena.

Izinhlelo kuBrain

Kwenzekani ebuchosheni ngezikhathi zobuciko obuphakeme? Ephepheni labo elisanda kushicilelwa elithi "Robust Prediction of Individual Creative Ability from Brain Functional Connectivity," uBeaty nozakwabo (2018) bathola isiginesha yezinzwa yobuciko, besebenzisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuthola umsebenzi wenethiwekhi ye-neural, "i-brainprint" njengoba kunjalo, kuhlotshaniswa nokucabanga okuhlukile, bese usebenzisa lokho kuqonda ukuhlukanisa okudala ngokwengeziwe kokusebenza kobuchopho okudala kancane.

Ngithanda ukubabiza ngamanethiwekhi obuchopho “Amakhulu Amathathu” - inethiwekhi yemodi yokuzenzakalelayo, inethiwekhi yokulawula okuphezulu, nenethiwekhi yesibindi. Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini luphakamisa ukuthi basebenze ndawonye uma kukhulunywa ngokudala. Inethiwekhi yemodi ezenzakalelayo yilokho okwenzeka ebuchosheni endaweni yokuphumula (kodwa engalali), isimo se-idle sobuchopho. Inethiwekhi yokulawula ephezulu iqapha okwenzekayo, ilawula izingxenye ezingokomzwelo zobuchopho, iqondise izinsiza ezifana nokunakwa, futhi yengamele izinqumo nezinqumo. Inethiwekhi yesibindi inquma ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo zezinto ezivame ukuqashelwa, futhi ezivame ukundiza ngaphansi kwe-radar. Ku-PTSD, isibonelo, inethiwekhi ye-salience iskena izinsongo.

Ekwakheni ubuhlakani, ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi iBig Three isebenza njengeqembu: inethiwekhi yemodi ezenzakalelayo idala imibono, inethiwekhi yokulawula iyayihlola, futhi inethiwekhi yesibindi isiza ukukhomba ukuthi yimiphi imibono edluliselwa kunethiwekhi yokulawula ephezulu. Ngaphezulu kwalesi schema esiyisisekelo, lawa manethiwekhi angathintana ngamanye ama-loops empendulo. Isibonelo, inethiwekhi yokulawula okuphezulu ingahle "ishube" indlela inethiwekhi ye-salience ehlola ngayo ngaphakathi, kuya ngomsebenzi owenziwayo, ekuphenduleni imvelo.

Lawa manethiwekhi obuchopho akha uhlelo oluguquguqukayo noluphendulayo, "uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokuguquguquka." Akuyona kuphela uhlelo lokufunda oluqinile, kepha nengqondo iguqukile maqondana nemvelo. Ngabantu, akuyona nje imvelo ebonakalayo, umhlaba wolimi, isiko, nemibono. Ezobudlelwano bezenhlalo. Izinga le-entropy liphakeme kakhulu ngenxa yalezi zici zenhlalo namasiko, ngoba imininingwane ekhonjisiwe emuva inezimo eziningi ezingaba khona. Leyo yi-entropy, isilinganiso senani lamazwe okungenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lungaba kuwo, futhi ukwazi kuyinto entropic kakhulu.

Ikakhulu ngobuciko. Ubuciko buhlobene eduze nalokho abantu abakubize ngokuthi “ukucabanga okuhlukile.” Ukubheka imisebenzi yokucabanga ehlukile, uma kuqhathaniswa nemisebenzi ejwayelekile, futhi ukukala umsebenzi wobuchopho yindlela ucwaningo lwamanje oluhlelwe ngayo. U-Beaty nozakwabo babheka imisebenzi eyisisekelo yobuchopho nge-fMRI nokusetshenziswa (okufana neminye imisebenzi, njengokusebenzisa umshini ukufunda ukubikezela inhloso yokuzibulala, ukuqonda umphumela wensangu ebuchosheni, nokwenza ngcono ukuxilongwa kwengqondo) izindlela zokufunda ngomshini, futhi bese usebenzisa lawa amamodeli wokubala ukubikezela ukuthi obani abavela eqenjini labantu abanobuciko ngokwengeziwe ngokubheka ukuskena kwabo kobuchopho.

Ngisho nakulesi sigaba sokuqala kakhulu, ikhono lokubikezela lihle kakhulu. Ayikakulungeli ukuqala kwesikhathi, kepha kwenza kube lula ukucabanga ngokuhlolwa kwemithombo yabantu okubandakanya ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kwe-neuroimaging phakathi kwezinhlobo zomsebenzi ezahlukahlukene. Singayibiza nge-NeuroHR, ngokulandela ukuthambekela kwe- "NeuroEverything". Kungcono kunanoma yiliphi ithuluzi elisetshenziswa yi-HR kulezi zinsuku, mhlawumbe. Noma kunjalo isayensi eqanjiwe, kepha iba ngokoqobo ngokwengeziwe.

Ubuchopho bakho ekudaleni

Abaphenyi bahlole ababambiqhaza abangu-163 base-Australia, benza ukuba benze imisebenzi emibili ehlukene yokuqonda. Ukucabanga kokulinganisa okuhlukile kubizwa nge- “Alternative Use Task” (AUT), futhi umsebenzi wokuqhathanisa ongewona owokuqamba uyi “Object Characteristics Task” (OCT), ngokuyisisekelo uchaza okuthile ngaphandle kokuhlobisa nhlobo. Hhayi ukudala. Abantu balinganiswe ezimpendulweni zabo lapho bebuzwa ukuthi bazoqhamuka nokusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile kwezinto ezingahleliwe, bebheka okungajwayelekile, ukude, nobuhlakani bokuthola amaphuzu aphelele ekucabangeni okuhlukile. Baphinde bagcwalisa ibhethri lemibuzo mayelana nobuciko babo bangempela: i-Creative Achievement Questionnaire, iBiographical Inventory of Creative Behaviour, kanye ne-Inventory of Creative Activities and Achievements.

Ukuthola kwabo bekuyinkimbinkimbi, kumboza ukuhlangana emibuzweni yobuciko futhi, ngokubuka kwe-neuroscientific, okuphathelene nezifunda ezithile zobuchopho ezingaphansi koxhumano olukhulu lwe-Big Three, futhi kufaka phakathi ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanethiwekhi wobuchopho phakathi komsebenzi wokucabanga ohlukile kanye nomsebenzi oyisisekelo wencazelo yento .

Okokuqala, bathole ukuthi izinyathelo zokuzibika zobuciko zihambisana kahle nokusebenza kokulinganisa okulinganisiwe, okuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bokuzibika ngokwakho. Besebenzisa igatsha lezibalo elibizwa ngokuthi "i-graph theory" elisetshenziselwa ukumodela amanethiwekhi we-neural, bakhomba "ama-hubs" noma "ama-node" lapho ulwazi oluningi lugeleza khona ngesikhathi semisebenzi yokwakha, futhi bachaza ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-hubs ("edges") kuya nquma ukuthi yiziphi ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni ubuciko nemisebenzi eyisisekelo.

Kafushane, ngenkathi yesimo sokusungula, bathole ukuxhumana okuxineneyo kokusebenza ezindaweni zobuchopho ezihlobene namanethiwekhi amathathu entshisekelo, ahlakazeke kuma-cortices angaphambili naka-parietal. Izindawo ezikhonjwe yizindawo eziyisisekelo zamanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, i-posterior cingate yangakwesokunxele yemodi yokuzenzakalelayo, i-insula yangaphakathi yesibindi, ne-cororsx ye-dorsolateral prefrontal yangakwesokudla yamanethiwekhi amakhulu. Ama-node angama-25 axhunywe kakhulu ngesikhathi somsebenzi wobuciko afaka i-12 kusuka kunethiwekhi yemodi ezenzakalelayo, amane avela kunethiwekhi yesibindi, futhi amathathu avela kunethiwekhi yokulawula okuphezulu.

Ngomsebenzi ophansi wobuciko, bekukhona ukugqagqana nenethiwekhi yemodi ezenzakalelayo, obekulindelekile ukuthi inikezwe ukuthi iyabandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kobuchopho obumile, kepha amanye ama-node abekwe ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingaphansi, ezijulile zobuchopho ku-brainstem, i-thalamus ne-cerebellum, ehlukile ezindaweni ezinesibindi ezitholakala emsebenzini wokudala.

Ukuxhumana ngaphakathi kwamanethiwekhi okusungula bekunamandla, kukhombisa ukungaguquguquki kwangaphakathi; ukuxhumeka kumanethiwekhi angewona owokuqamba nakho bekunamandla, futhi bekungahlanganiswa, futhi iphethini ngayinye yomsebenzi ibihlukile emsebenzini wenzalo. Lezi zinyathelo zokugcina zokuqinisekisa zazibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi lokhu okutholakele kungasetshenziswa ukubikezela ubuhlakani beqembu elihlukile lababambiqhaza elingahlobene nabantu abafundelwe ukuthola imininingwane kwasekuqaleni. Lokhu okutholakele kuqinisekisa izifundo zangaphambilini kumanethiwekhi wobuchopho kubuciko, kuphindaphinda futhi kwandise ukuqonda kwethu kokuthi ubuchopho bukhiqiza kanjani ukucabanga okuhlukile.

Bakhombise ukuthi okutholakele kwabo kungasetshenziselwa ukukhomba ukuthi ngubani ongaphezulu nokuthi ngubani ongacabangi kangako, ngokubheka nje ukuskena kobuchopho babo bengenzi lutho ngokukhethekile. Lapho bethatha leli qembu elihlukile lababambiqhaza abangama-405 baseChina, bathole ukuthi amaphuzu ezilinganiso ezakhiwe (okukhonjiswa njengombonakaliso onembile wokusebenza komhlaba wangempela esigabeni sokuqala) abebalulekile lapho ehambisana nedatha yokuphumula yombuso we-MRI. Qaphela ukuthi ababambiqhaza esigabeni sesibili sesifundo bebengahlanganyeli kunoma yimiphi imisebenzi. Ubuqambi babonakala ngokulinganisa izingqondo zabo bephumule. Ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi imodeli yokubikezela yayihlola ubuhlakani hhayi ubuhlakani jikelele, bahlola futhi bathola ukuthi izinyathelo zenethiwekhi yokudala zazingahlobene nobuhlakani.

I-Futurism neNeuroscience

Le miphumela ibaluleke kakhulu kunoma ngubani ofuna ukuyiqonda, futhi mhlawumbe ayithuthukise, nobuciko, ngoba ikhomba esimweni somhlaba wonke sezinqubo zokukhiqiza zokubandakanya amanethiwekhi amaningi obuchopho, ukwenza kusebenze ukuvumelanisa, ukuhlinzeka ngempendulo kanye nasekulawuleni ngokuhlanganyela. Ayikho indawo eyodwa "yokusungula" ebuchosheni; ubuhlakani buvela ekuhlanganyeleni komsebenzi wobuchopho obuyinkimbinkimbi obandakanya amasistimu amaningi ayisisekelo. Imiphumela yalo msebenzi, ezigabeni zokuqala nje, iyaphawuleka.

Ngabe indlela enjengale ingaba wusizo ekuboneni ubuhlakani ngezinjongo zokuqasha ("NeuroHR") noma ekuhloleni abafakizicelo ngemfundo ehilela ubuhlakani? Ngabe le ndlela ingasetshenziselwa ukulandela imiphumela ekuqeqesheni ubuhlakani, noma imiphumela yokwelapha, noma ukuthuthukisa ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokwandisa ukucabanga okwehlukile? Ngabe i-neuroscience ingasetshenziswa ukusiza abantu abane-block block noma abaculi abashaye into eyomile?

Shintsha ubuchopho, futhi ingqondo kufanele ilandele

Kungenzeka yini izindlela ze-neuromodulation (kufaka phakathi i-TMS, i-tDCS, i-neurofeedback, nezinye) zisetshenziselwe ukukhomba ama-node wokhiye kunethiwekhi yokudala? Ngokuzayo, singakwazi ukubeka ngokoqobo into ethwala ikhanda esivumela ukuthi sithuthukise ukusebenza kwezingqondo zethu ekudaleni - isaga "ukucabanga cap" esithathwe ngokoqobo - noma kweminye imisebenzi nezimo zokusebenza ezidinga izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomsebenzi wobuchopho. Noma kwezokuzijabulisa, iqiniso elibonakalayo, okuhlangenwe nakho okucwilisiwe, okukhuliswe ngokomqondo, kungafinyeleleka. Ujabulela ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo? Okungcono kakhulu ngokuthuthuka kwe-neural.

Futhi iyini imithelela ye-neurobioethics? Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa i-neuromodulation ukuguqula umuntu ongasebenzisi ubuciko abe ngumuntu wokudala kunemithelela yokuthi ungubani. Abaningi bethu bahlela ukuzizwela kwethu ngezimpawu ezithile, kufaka phakathi "ukuba ngumuntu onekhono." Njengoba ukuguqula ubuchopho kuba inketho, eyodwa esingakwazi ukuyivula futhi siyicime ngokuthanda, yini imiphumela yenkululeko yokuzikhethela kanye nobunikazi bomuntu siqu? Njengoba kunikezwe ukukhiqizwa kokudala okungenzeka kuthuthukisiwe - ubuciko, umculo, izincwadi, ezokwakha, ezobunjiniyela, ukuklama, futhi mhlawumbe nezinkambu ezintsha esingeke sazicabanga - isiko lizophendula njengesiqukathi somqondo, liqhubeke nokuthonya umuntu obambe iqhaza ekudalweni.

Lolu cwaningo lubuye luphakamise ukuthi siyakwazi ukuzithonya ngokwethu ukuze sibe nobuciko obukhulu. Hhayi ngokuzijwayeza nokwenza izivivinyo ezidinga ubuhlakani noma ukuba nobuciko, kepha futhi ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yethu ephezulu ukunxusa inethiwekhi yethu yesibindi ukuskena ngenkuthalo ukuthola imicabango ehlukahlukene, nangokuvimbela ukucindezelwa kwethu kwemicabango ehlukile. Kulula ukuziqeqesha ukucindezela ukucabanga okuhlukile, nokuba nengqondo eyodwa yethrekhi ... kepha singawufunda lowo mkhuba.

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