Konke Mayelana Narcissism

-Delile

• Ukufundwa Okubalulekile Kwe-Narcissism
• Ukulinganisa ukulawulwa ngokungekho emthethweni: Izinto Esizenzela Umuntu WamaNarcissist

Yini ebangela i-narcissism? Kungani ama-narcissist ethandeka futhi ethandeka (ekuqaleni)? Ngabe abantu abanenkinga yobuntu be-narcissistic banokuzethemba okuphezulu? Ingabe i-narcissism ihlobene nokusebenza kwengqondo? Ngabe i-narcissism ingalapheka-noma yelashwe ngempumelelo ngemithi noma nge-psychotherapy? Kungenzeka yini ukuthi i-narcissism kwesinye isikhathi ibe yinto enhle noma ingabe iyingozi ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ungabhekana kanjani nabakwa-narcissists? Imibuzo eminingi mayelana ne-narcissism kunzima ukuyiphendula, okungenani ngokwengxenye ngoba i-narcissism ayichazwanga kahle. Ukuze wazi ukuthi i-narcissism inganqotshwa, ngokwesibonelo, sidinga ukwazi ngempela ukuthi kusho ukuthini i-narcissism.

Muva nje ngibe nelungelo lokuxoxisana nomuntu ojwayele imiqondo ehlukahlukene ye-narcissism, kufaka phakathi imibono yomtholampilo neyenhlalo / yobuntu ngayo. UJosh Miller, Ph.D. , uprofesa wezengqondo kanye noMqondisi Wezokwelapha Emtholampilo eNyuvesi yaseGeorgia ngumcwaningi ovelele oshicilele amaphepha angaphezu kuka-200 abuyekezwa ngontanga kanye nezahluko zezincwadi — inani elikhulu elibhekise ekukhathazekeni kwe-narcissism kanye ne-narcissistic personality disorder. ^2-5 Ucwaningo lwakhe lugxile ebuntwini obujwayelekile nobokugula, ukuphazamiseka kobuntu (ngokugcizelela i-narcissism kanye ne-psychopathy), nokuziphatha kwangaphandle.

UMiller ubuye abe nguMhleli oMkhulu we Ijenali Yocwaningo Kubuntu , futhi usebhodini lokuhlela lamanye amaphephabhuku abuyekezwa ngontanga, kufaka phakathi Ijenali Yengqondo Engavamile , Ukuhlola , Ijenali Yobuntu , Ijenali Yokuphazamiseka Komuntu , futhi Ukuphazamiseka Ubuntu: Umbono, Ucwaningo, kanye Nokwelapha .

Emamzadeh: Kusukela ngawo-1900, odokotela abaningi nabacwaningi — uSigmund Freud, uHarry Guntrip, uHeinz Kohut, u-Otto Kernberg, uGlen Gabbard, no-Elsa Ronningstam phakathi kwabo — babhale nge-narcissism. Ngisho kulezi zinsuku, njengoba uphawulile ephepheni lakho lokubuyekeza lika-2017, "Ucwaningo nge-narcissism ngazo zonke izindlela-i-narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), i-grandiose narcissism, ne-narcissism esengozini-luthandwa kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili." ² Ucabanga ukuthi kungani abacwaningi abaningi kangaka, ingasaphathwa eyabantu abangafundile, bekhangwa yi-narcissism?

UMiller: Ngingaphikisana ngokuthi ukuhlangana kwezinto — abacwaningi abanentshisekelo yokuhlikihla i-narcissism ngezindlela ezingezinhle (isb. Ukuchaza phakathi kwezethulo ezinkulu nezisengozini), ukufakwa kwe-narcissism emibhalweni eyakha izinto eziningi ebizwa nge-Dark Triad (Study of narcissism, psychopathy , kanye neMachiavellianism) esethole ukubambeka okukhulu ezincwadini zombuso kanye naphakathi kwabantu abaningi, nasezingxoxweni zobudlova obubonwa kubantu abadumile bomphakathi. Okokugcina, ngicabanga ukuthi i-narcissism yinto ejwayelekile yokuthi cishe bonke abantu bangaveza kalula izibonelo zabantu ezimpilweni zabo ababonisa ezinye zalezi zimfanelo — kungaba ngamalungu omndeni, abangane, noma osebenza nabo — ngakho-ke kuzwakala kahle ngaphesheya kwenqwaba yabantu kubandakanya umphakathi, abacwaningi, kanye nemitholampilo.

Emamzadeh: Ngibonile ukuthi odokotela, abacwaningi, nababhali (kufaka phakathi ukubhala okuthile kwe- Psychology Namuhla ) ungasebenzisi njalo igama elithi "narcissist" ngokungaguquguquki. Ngifunde imibono nge-narcissism yehlukile njengokulandelayo (A vs B).

IMP: AmaNarcissist nama-psychopaths ahlanganyela kakhulu ngokufanayo. Abekho abahlupheka ngokweqiniso kepha bobabili benza abantu ababazungezile ahlupheke. Sidinga ukufunda ukukhomba ama-narcissists ukuze sizivikele kulaba bantu abayingozi nabanonya.

B: AmaNarcissist anama-egos entekenteke; ukuzethemba kwabo ngokweqile akulutho ngaphandle kwesifihla-buso. Sidinga ukubazwela kakhulu abakwa-narcissists ngoba balimele (noma bengavumi). AmaNarcissist ahlupheka njengathi sonke.

Yikuphi kulezi zincazelo okusondelene neqiniso?

UMiller: Imicabango yami imvamisa iyahambisana nenketho A yokuthi ubudlwangudlwangu kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo "kwakha umakhelwane" okwakha okuhlangana kakhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi bafundwe kanjani kaningi nokuthi lokho kuzithinte kanjani izinkolelo-mbono zokuqala (i-narcissism: imibono yama-psychodynamic theorists; i-psychopathy: izilungiselelo ze-forensic), kuncane umbono wokuthi "sengozini" noma "we-mask" we-psychopathy otholakala ngokungaguquguquki kwe-narcissism lapho sifaka khona imizwa engemihle (isb., amahloni; ukudangala; imizwa yokushoda) eqhuba ubukhulu — imibono okusamele ithole ukwesekwa okunamandla naphezu kokuvelela kwabo isikhathi eside emitholampilo futhi babeka imibono ye-narcissism. Ngicabanga ukuthi umuntu angaba nozwelo ngabantu abasebenza ngokwe-narcissistic kanye ne-psychopathic (yize kungaba nzima) uma umuntu abona ukulimala abazenza kubo nakwabanye kanye nethuba lokuthi kunezinga elithile le-dyscontrol elidlalayo.

Emamzadeh: Igama elilodwa elisetshenziselwe ukuchaza i-narcissism, ikakhulukazi ezincwadini zomphakathi / zobuntu, lithi ubukhulu . Igama elithi grandiosity lichazwa ngokuhlukahluka njengokuziqhenya, ukuziphakamisa, kanye nemizwa yokuphakama. Kepha umehluko phakathi kobukhulu nokuzethemba okuphezulu kubonakala kuyindaba yeziqu, ngobukhulu obukhombisa ukuziqhakambisa “noma” ngokweqile. Uma lokhu kuyiqiniso, singakwazi kanjani ukuthi sinqume — noma ngubani onquma — i efanelekile izinga lokuzibona ubalulekile?

UMiller: Lowo ngumbuzo omuhle, engizowubalekela ekuqaleni. Ngingasho ukuthi i-narcissism enkulu nokuzethemba kuhluke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwayo yize kubonakala sengathi kuyagqagqana. Muva nje senze ukuqhathanisa okuphelele kwezakhiwo ezimbili zamasampula ayi-11 (kanye nababambiqhaza abacishe babe yi-5000) futhi sithole ukufana okumbalwa okumbalwa nokwehluka okuningi okubalulekile. ⁶ Ukwakhiwa okubili kuhlanganiswe ngokulingene (r-30 .30), ngakho-ke bakude kakhulu nokushintshana. Ngokuya ngokufana, abantu abazethembayo kanye / noma i-narcissism enkulu babelana ngesitayela sokuzimela, sokuphuma, nokuzethemba kwabantu. Ngokuya ngokwehluka, noma kunjalo, ukuzethemba kungokwakhiwa okuguqukayo ngokuphelele ngokuya ngokusebenzisana (ubudlelwano nabanye) kanye nama-correlates angaphakathi (isib. . Sikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yendlela yokusebenzelana no-zero-sum lapho abantu abathandanayo bakholelwa ukuthi kungaba khona "ophumelele" oyedwa kunoma yikuphi ukuxhumana okunikeziwe (isib. hlonishwa kepha hhayi i-narcissism iyakwazi ukuzicabangela yona nabanye ngendlela enhle (bona futhi uBrummelman, Thomaes, & Sedikides, 2016). ⁷

Ukufundwa Okubalulekile Kwe-Narcissism

Ukulinganisa ukulawulwa ngokungekho emthethweni: Izinto Esizenzela Umuntu WamaNarcissist