Ngabe Izinja Zingabona Nge-Ultraviolet?

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi inja yakho ingakwazi ukubona izinto ezingabonakali ngokuphelele kuwe.

Uma ubheka ubukhulu, ukwakheka, kanye nokwakheka okujwayelekile kweso lenja kubukeka kakhulu njengeso lomuntu. Ngaleso sizathu sinomkhuba wokuqagela ukuthi umbono wezinja ufana kakhulu nakubantu. Kodwa-ke isayensi ibilokhu iqhubekela phambili futhi sifunda ukuthi izinja nabantu ababoni ngaso sonke isikhathi into efanayo futhi abahlali benamakhono afanayo okubuka. Isibonelo, noma izinja zinombono othile wombala (chofoza lapha ukuthola okwengeziwe ngalokho) uhla lwazo lwemibala lukhawulelwe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu. Izinja zivame ukubona umhlaba ngemithunzi ephuzi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nampunga futhi azikwazi ukucwasa phakathi kwemibala esiyibona ibomvu futhi iluhlaza. Abantu banokubona okungcono, futhi bangabandlulula imininingwane izinja ezingakwazi (chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalokho).

Ngasohlangothini lwe-flip, iso lenja likhethekile ngokubona ebusuku futhi ama-canine angabona okuningi ngaphansi kokukhanyisa okufiphele kunabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinja zingabona ukunyakaza kangcono kunabantu. Kodwa-ke ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku Izinqubo zeRoyal Society B * iphakamisa ukuthi izinja nazo zingabona lonke uhla lwemininingwane yokubuka abantu abangakwaziyo.

URonald Douglas, uprofesa wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo eCity University London noGlenn Jeffrey, uprofesa wesayensi yezinzwa e-University College London, babenesifiso sokubona ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo ziyakwazi yini ukubona uhla lwe-ultraviolet. Ubude begagasi lokukhanya okubonakalayo bukalwa ngama-nanometer (i-nanometer ingangesigidi esisodwa senkulungwane yemitha). Ubude begagasi obude, obuzungeze ama-700 nm, bubonwa ngabantu njengokubomvu, futhi ubude bamaza amafushane, abuzungeze ama-400 nm, abonwa njengombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma o-violet. Ama-wavelengths okukhanya amafushane kuno-400 nm awabonwa ngabantu abajwayelekile, futhi ukukhanya kuleli banga kubizwa nge-ultraviolet.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezinye izilwane, ezinjengezinambuzane, izinhlanzi, nezinyoni, ziyabona ku-ultraviolet. Ezinyosini leli yikhono elibalulekile. Lapho abantu bebheka izimbali ezithile bangabona okuthile okunombala ofanayo, noma kunjalo izinhlobo eziningi zezimbali zishintshe imibala yazo ukuze kuthi lapho ibukwa ngokuzwela kwe-ultraviolet maphakathi nembali (equkethe impova kanye nompe) kuyinto ebonakala kalula okwenza kube lula ukuthola inyosi. Ungabona lokho kulesi sibalo.

Kubantu ilensi engaphakathi kweso inombala ophuzi okhipha ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Ithimba labacwaningi baseBrithani lacabanga ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo kungenzeka zingabi nezinto ezinombala ophuzi emehlweni azo ngakho-ke zingazwela ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi abantu abakhishwe ilensi yamehlo ngokuhlinzwa ngenxa yekhathakhatha bavame ukubika ushintsho embonweni wabo. Ngokususwa kwelensi ephuzi labo bantu manje sebengabona ebangeni le-ultraviolet. Isibonelo, abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi kungenxa yokusebenza okunjalo kwe-cataract umculi uMonet waqala ukudweba izimbali ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ocwaningweni lwamanje kwahlolisiswa ububanzi bezilwane ezibandakanya: izinja, amakati, amagundane, ama-reindeer, ama-ferrets, izingulube, ama-hedgehogs nezinye eziningi. Ukubonakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo zamehlo abo kwalinganiswa futhi kwatholakala ukuthi eziningi zalezi zinhlobo zazivumela ukukhanya okuhle kwe-ultraviolet emehlweni abo. Lapho iso lenja lihlolwa bathola ukuthi livumela ngaphezu kwe-61% yelambu le-UV ukuthi lidlule futhi lifinyelele kuma-photosensitive receptors ku-retina. Qhathanisa lokhu nabantu lapho kungabikho ukukhanya kwe-UV okudlula khona. Ngale datha entsha singanquma ukuthi inja ingabona kanjani ukubonwa okubonakalayo (njengothingo lwenkosazana) uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu futhi okufaniswa kulesi sibalo.

Umbuzo osobala okufanele ubuzwe ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo izinja ezizithola ngokwazi kwayo kwi-ultraviolet. Kungaba nokuthintana nokuba neso eliguquliwe ukuze likwazi ukubona kahle ebusuku, ngoba kubonakala sengathi lezo zilwane okungenani ezazisebusuku kancane zazinamalensi akwazi ukudlulisa i-ultraviolet, kuyilapho lezo ezazisebenza kakhulu emini zazingenalo . Kodwa-ke futhi kunjalo ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zolwazi zingacutshungulwa uma uzwela nge-ultraviolet. Noma yini ethwebula i-ultraviolet noma eyiveza ngokuhlukile izobonakala. Isibonelo kulesi sibalo sinomuntu esidwebele kuye iphethini sisebenzisa i-lotion yesikrini selanga (esivimba i-ultraviolet). Iphethini ayibonakali ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kepha uma ibukwa ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kuyacaca impela.

Kwimvelo kunezinto eziningi ezibalulekile ezingabonakala uma ubona ku-ultraviolet. Okuheha izinja ukuthi imigwaqo yomchamo iyabonakala ku-ultraviolet. Njengoba umchamo usetshenziswa yizinja ukufunda okuthile ngezinye izinja endaweni ezikuyo, kungasiza ukuthi ukwazi ukuyibona kalula. Lokhu futhi kungasiza kuma-canine asendle njengendlela yokubona nokulandela umkhondo wezilwane ezingaba khona.

Ezimweni ezithile ezithile ukuzwela engxenyeni ye-ultraviolet ye-spectrum kunganikeza inzuzo esilwaneni esizingelayo ukuze siphile, njengokhokho bezinja zethu. Cabanga ngalesi sibalo esingezansi. Uyabona ukuthi umbala omhlophe kanogwaja wase-arctic uhlinzeka ngokufihla okuhle futhi wenza isilwane kube nzima ukusibona lapho sineqhwa. Kodwa-ke ukufihla okunjalo akukuhle uma kusetshenziswa ngokumelene nesilwane esinamandla okubuka i-ultraviolet. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iqhwa lizokhombisa ukukhanya okuningi kwe-ultraviolet ngenkathi uboya obumhlophe bungakhombisi nemisebe ye-UV. Ngakho-ke esweni elibucayi le-UV unogwaja wase-arctic manje ubonakala kalula kakhulu ngoba ubukeka sengathi uyisithunzi esinethunzi elincane, kunokuba umhlophe ubhekane nomhlophe, njengoba kungabonakala ekufaniseni okungezansi.

Uma ukuzwela okubonakalayo ku-ultraviolet kunikeza izinzuzo ezithile esilwaneni esifana nenja, mhlawumbe umbuzo okufanele ngabe siwubuza ukuthi kungani ezinye izilwane, njengabantu, zingazuzi futhi ngokuba nekhono lokubhalisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Impendulo ibonakala ngathi iqhamuka ekutheni kuhlala kukhona ukuhweba ngombono. Ungaba neso elizwelayo emazingeni aphansi okukhanya, njengeso lenja, kodwa lokho kuzwela kuza ngezindleko. Kungama-wavelengths amafushane okukhanya (lawo esiwabona njengombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ikakhulukazi, lawo mafushane amafushane kodwa ama-wavevels esiwabiza nge-ultraviolet) ahlakazeka kalula njengoba engena esweni. Lokhu kusabalalisa ukukhanya kwehlisa isithombe futhi kusenze sifiphale ukuze ungaboni imininingwane. Ngakho-ke izinja ezavela kubazingeli basebusuku kungenzeka ukuthi zagcina amandla azo okubona ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ngoba zidinga lokho kuzwela lapho kunokukhanya okuncane okuzungezile. Izilwane ezisebenza emini, njengathi thina bantu, sincike kakhulu kubukhali bethu ukuze sisebenzelane kahle nomhlaba. Ngakho-ke sinamehlo ahlola i-ultraviolet ukuze sithuthukise ikhono lethu lokubona imininingwane emihle yokubuka.

Besilokhu sikhuluma ngocwaningo lokuqala olubhekane nalesi sici sombono we-canine futhi imiphumela yalo isimangaze iningi lethu ebelingakaze lilindele ukuthi izinja zingathola lolu hlobo olwengeziwe lokuzwela kokubuka. Ngokusobala kudingeka olunye ucwaningo ukuthola ukuthi izinja zizuza kanjani ngempela kuleli khono. Ngiyangabaza ukuthi kwakuwukuthuthuka kokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuvumela nje izinja ukuthi zibonge kakhulu izingqwembe ze-psychedelic ezaduma kakhulu ngawo-1970 - niyazazi lezo zingqwembe ezazenziwe ngokusebenzisa ama-inks akhanyiselwa ngaphansi kwe- "black light" noma i-ultraviolet light source . Kepha ngocwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kuphela lapho sizokwazi khona ngokuqinisekile.

UStanley Coren ungumbhali wezincwadi eziningi ezibandakanya: Gods, Ghosts and Black Dogs; Ukuhlakanipha Kwezinja; Ingabe Izinja Ziyaphupha? Uzalelwe iBark; Inja Yesimanje; Kungani Izinja Zinamakhala Amanzi? Imibhalo Yomlando Womlando; Indlela Izinja Ezicabanga Ngayo; Ungakhuluma Kanjani Inja; Kungani Sithanda Izinja Esizenzayo; Yini Izinja Ezaziyo? Ubuhlakani bezinja; Kungani Inja Yami Yenza Ngaleyo Ndlela? Ukuqonda Izinja ZamaDummies; Amasela Okulala; I-Left-hander Syndrome

I-Copyright SC Psychological Enterprises Ltd. Ingeke yashicilelwa kabusha noma iphinde ithunyelwe ngaphandle kwemvume

Idatha evela ku: UR. H. Douglas, G. Jeffery (2014). Ukudluliswa kombhali kwemithombo ye-ocular kusikisela ukuthi ukuzwela kwe-ultraviolet kusakazeke kakhulu ezincelisayo. Izinqubo zeRoyal Society B, Ephreli, umqulu 281, khipha ngo-1780.