Thola Okukwenza Uthikhe

-Delile

• Ubuntu Obufundwayo Obubalulekile
• Iqiniso Ngokuphazamiseka Ubuntu

Uma wake wabuzwa lo mbuzo “Yini ekwenza ukitaze?” kungenzeka ukuthole kunzima ukuphendula kunokuba ubucabanga. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma ungazazi, ngubani owaziyo? Isizathu esenza ukuthi kube nzima ukuphendula lo mbuzo ukuthi asihlali sicabanga ngemicabango yethu eyisisekelo, imizwa yethu, nokuziphatha kwethu. Ngokufunda ngemibono emikhulu yobuntu besayensi yokusebenza kwengqondo, uzothola ukuqonda kwakho ukuthi kungani wenza okwenzayo nokuthi ungashintsha kanjani, uma ufuna.

Ungase ucabange ukuthi i-psychology yanquma kudala ukuthi buchazwa kanjani ubuntu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lokhu kungenye yemiqondo eyisisekelo efundwa izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo. Kuvela ukuthi cishe kunezincazelo eziningi zobuntu njengoba kukhona izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo. Kusukela kumaFreudiya kuya kumaSkinnerians, nakho konke okuphakathi, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zinikeza izincazelo ezibonisa ifilosofi yabo eyisisekelo mayelana nezinto eziyisisekelo semvelo yomuntu.

Uma unganikwanga izingxoxo zefilosofi futhi ungathanda ukwazi ukuthi ungaziqonda kanjani, likhona ithemba. Iningi lezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo liyavumelana ngencazelo yokusebenza kobuntu ukubahola emsebenzini wabo wobungcweti, ocwaningweni, nasezimpilweni zabo uqobo, lobo buntu buyizindlela zomuntu zokuzwa noma zokuziphatha. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezahlukahlukene zigcizelela imizwa, indlela yokuziphatha, nezizathu eziyisisekelo abantu abazizwa futhi baziphathe ngazo izindlela ezithile. Kodwa-ke, zonke izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zibheka ubuntu njengesici salowo muntu, okusho ukuthi kuyisisekelo sokwehluka komuntu nomuntu.

Ukuqhubekela phambili nale ncazelo eyisisekelo, ake siqhubeke ukubona ukuthi yini ongayifunda kocabangi abakhulu be-psychology yobuntu.

I-psychodynamics yobuntu

Noma yimuphi umhlahlandlela ohloniphekile wobuntu kufanele uqale ngoFreud, obongwa ngokuthola ingqondo engazi lutho. Ngokusho kukaFreud, ubuntu bakho bukhombisa ubudlelwane obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwamandla aqaphelayo naqulekile njengoba ubhekene nezinselelo zempilo yakho. Sonke silawulwa yizidingo zokuqala esingazazi, kusho uFreud. Sichitha izimpilo zethu sizama ukuhlangabezana nalezo zidingo ngenkathi, ngasikhathi sinye, siqhubeka nobudlelwano bethu kanye nemisebenzi yethu yomsebenzi ("uthando nomsebenzi," njengoba uFreud angasho).

Yize izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zesikhathi samanje zingathengi yonke imfundiso kaFreud, ziyavuma (cishe noma ngaphansi) ukuthi okuthile okufana nezindlela zokuzivikela kuqondisa indlela esiziphatha ngayo. Ukuzivikela ekukhathazekeni, sakha izindonga ezivikelayo ezigcina izingqondo zethu eziqaphelayo ekuvumeni imicabango nemizwa yethu engadingeki.

Umbono kaFreud waphinde wavula indlela yokuthi izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zakamuva zithole ukuqonda “ngezinhlobo” zobuntu ezinjenge-introvert, i-narcissist, ne-neurotic. Ngokumangazayo, noma sicabanga ngombono we-psychodynamic njengokugcizelela ukuthambekela okuzelwe (okufana nokushayela ucansi), amaFreudian namaNeo-Freudians anikeze isisindo esikhulu sokukhulisa kunemvelo njengokuthonya intuthuko. Isibonelo, abakwa-narcissists bahlanganyela ekuzithandayo ngokweqile ngenxa yokunakwa kakhulu noma okuncane kakhulu okuvela kubazali babo.

Abalingani bakhe abambalwa abasondelene naye bagcina sebenze uhlobo lweFreudian Brat Pack futhi bahlukana nokugcizelela kwakhe ubulili nezinye izinto ezihamba phambili. Omunye obaluleke kakhulu kwakunguCarl Jung, owathatha eminye imiqondo kaFreud wayisebenzisa ukuzakhela eyakhe imodeli yezinhlobo zobuntu eziyisisekelo. NguJung ngempela osinikeze amagama athi "introvert" kanye "extravert" njengoba siwaqonda namuhla. UJung uphinde wagcizelela ungqimba olujulile lwengqondo olujwayelekile kubo bonke abantu. Ukholelwe ukuthi sonke sine- "archetypes" okuyizindlela zokuphendula izingqikithi ezithile zomhlaba wonke. Enye yetimu enjalo yi-“hero” archetype, ngokusho kukaJung, esebenza uma siphendula abalingiswa abanjengoBatman, Superman, noma noJesu Kristu. Sikhangwa yilaba balingisi ngoba lezi zithombe zibhalwe ezingqondweni zethu ezingazi lutho.

Iqiniso ukuthi umbono we-psychodynamic ugcizelela izingxenye zengqondo yakho ezikuthinta nsuku zonke, ezenzeka ngaphakathi kuwe ngaphandle kokuqwashisa kwakho.

Ubuntu njengeqoqo lokuziphatha

Imibono yezokuziphatha iphakamisa ukuthi asinabo "ubuntu." Ngokomqondo wokuziphatha njengoba kuvezwe ngomunye wabasunguli bawo, uBF Skinner, siphendula imicimbi ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke ngokwesisekelo semikhuba esiyitholile.Ubuntu bethu, ngokusho kwabaziphethe kahle, abudluli ekuqoqweni kwezindlela ezijwayelekile zokuphendula esizifunde ngokuqiniswa nangenkinga.

Izimfanelo zakho ezihlukile, ngokusho kwabaziphatha, zibonisa okuhlangenwe nakho okuningi oke waba nakho kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube manje. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma ungabuthandi ubuntu bakho, abasebenza ngokuziphatha bakholelwa ukuthi ungakushintsha ngokuhlela kabusha izindlela zemvelo ezikuthonya. Ama-Behaviourists anethemba elikhulu, ngezindlela eziningi, mayelana nokwenzeka kokushintsha kobuntu.

Ubuntu Obufundwayo Obubalulekile

Iqiniso Ngokuphazamiseka Ubuntu