Ingabe Uyakulangazelela Ukugembula?

-Delile

• Ukufunda Okucindezelayo Okufundwayo Okubalulekile
• I-Psychology Yezokugembula

Uyakujabulela ukugembula?

Noma ngabe kuhilela ukuchitha imali kumathikithi e-lottery, ukuhambela njalo amakhasino endawo, ukubheja okungekho emthethweni, noma ukudlala ubuningi bamawebhusayithi ahlobene nokugembula atholakalayo njengamanje, akunakuphikiswa ukuthi ukugembula kulula kakhulu kunangaphambili. E-United States kuphela, imboni yokugembula ifaka imali elinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-137.5 emnothweni wase-U.S. Unyaka ngamunye. Ngokuqondene nemali yokugembula engenisa umhlaba wonke, isivuno esikhulu sokugembula (i-GGY) semakethe yokugembula emhlabeni wonke kubikezelwe ukuthi sizofinyelela kuma-495 billion dollars e-2019.

Ngenkathi imboni yokugembula ihlinzeka ngemisebenzi kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, nayo inecala elimnyama.Noma iningi labantu eligembulayo lingavami ukuhlangabezana nezinkinga, iphesenti elincane, kodwa elibalulekile, labo bonke abagembuli baba nezinkinga zokuncika ezingadala izinkinga ezinkulu zezezimali nezingokomzwelo. Isibonelo esixakile salokho savela muva nje lapho abaphenyi bememezela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwesikole samaKatolika esiseduze naseLos Angeles kunqume ukuthi izindelakazi ezimbili, zombili ezazisebenze kulesi sikole amashumi eminyaka, zadla imali yokukhokhela uhambo lokugembula oluya eLas Vegas. Yize isamba esiqondile singazange sidalulwe, eminye imithombo ikubeka njengokuthi kufinyelele ku- $ 500,000. Izindaba ezinjengalezi zivamile kakhulu futhi amacala okukhwabanisa, ukweba, nokuqothula okuhlobene nokugembula aqhubeka nokwenzeka.

Ihlukaniswe njengesifo sokulutha ngaphansi kohlelo lwakamuva lweDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), inkinga yokugembula ichazwa ngokuthi "iyindlela ephikelelayo nephindaphindayo yokuziphatha kwezinkinga zokugembula okuholela ekukhubazekeni noma ekucindezelekeni okuphawulekayo" okutholakala ukuthi izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuziphatha ezinenkinga yokubandakanya:

• Kudingeka ukugembula ngamanani akhulayo emali ukufeza injabulo oyifunayo
• Ukungazinzi noma ukucasuka lapho uzama ukuyeka ukugembula
• Ngemuva kokwenza imizamo engaphumeleli yokulawula, ukunciphisa, noma ukuyeka ukugembula
• Ukuba matasa ngokugembula (isb. Ukuba nemicabango eqhubekayo yokubuyisa okwenzeka esikhathini esedlule kokugembula, ukukhubazeka noma ukuhlela umsebenzi olandelayo, ucabanga izindlela zokuthola imali ozogembula ngayo)
• Ngemuva kokulahlekelwa yimali yokugembula, imvamisa ibuya ngolunye usuku ukuziphindisela ("ukuxosha" ukulahlekelwa komuntu)
• Amanga okufihla izinga lokubandakanyeka ekugembuleni
• Ufake engcupheni noma ulahlekelwe ubudlelwano obubalulekile, umsebenzi, imfundo noma ithuba lomsebenzi ngenxa yokugembula
• Ukuthembela kwabanye ukuthi banikeze imali yokusiza ezimeni ezibucayi zezezimali ezibangelwa ukugembula

Ngokuqondene nokuthi bangaki abagembuli abanenkinga lapho, lokho kuncike kakhulu ekutheni incazelo isetshenziswe kanjani, ukuthi zimbi kangakanani izimpawu, nokuthi zihlala kuphi. Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwango-2002 olwenziwe nguMnyango Wezabasebenzi waseNevada liphakamisa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-2.2 kuye kwangama-3.6 abahlali baseNevada abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 banenkinga ethile yokugembula, kuyilapho ucwaningo lwabanenkinga yokugembula kwenye indawo lubika izinga lokuxhaphaka .5 kuye kumaphesenti ama-3.

Kodwa yini eyenza ukugembula kube umlutha kangaka kwabanye abantu? Kanye nenjabulo eyisisekelo etholakala ngokunqoba, abaningi abagembuli babheka uthando lwabo ngezinto ezihlobene nokugembula njengengxenye yomuzwa wabo wobuntu. Ngomqondo wangempela, ukugembula sekuyinto yabo uthando . Imvamisa ichazwa ngokuthi "ukuthambekela okunamandla ekwenzeni umsebenzi ozichazayo abantu abawuthandayo, abawuthola ubalulekile, nalapho bachitha khona isikhathi namandla," uthando ludlala indima ebalulekile emisebenzini eminingi yabantu, noma ngabe kuyisifiso somdlalo othile, uthando ukuqoqa, ukuba ngumlandeli ozinikele womculo, ubuciko, itiyetha, noma uhlelo oluyintandokazi lwethelevishini, njll. I-Passion ingaziveza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.

Ngokubona ukubaluleka kothando ezimpilweni zabantu, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zenze izifundo eziningi zihlola inkanuko nokuthi ingabakhuthaza kanjani abantu. Futhi, eminyakeni yamuva nje, okuningi kwalolo cwaningo kugxile kumodeli yokuthanda izinto ezimbili ephakanyiswe yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uRobert J. Vallerand.

Ngokusho kwale modeli, uthando lungabukwa njengolukhona kuyavumelana noma ngokweqile . Ngothando oluhambisanayo, abantu bakhetha ukuzibandakanya kulo msebenzi abawuthandayo, bawenze ube yingxenye yobunikazi babo obuyisisekelo, futhi bawuhlanganise nezinye izici zempilo yabo njengengxenye yokuvumelana konke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthanda ngokweqile okwenziwayo noma intshisekelo kungagxilisa umqondo wobuntu bakho uqobo futhi kubangele abantu ukuthi balandele lowo msebenzi ngokulahlekelwa eminye imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu. Inkomba enhle yokuthi ngabe uthando luyahambisana noma luthatheka ngendlela abantu abavikela ngayo lapho bechaza ubudlelwano babo nalowo msebenzi. Uma othile ezwa isidingo sokuqamba amanga, noma ngenye indlela ebukela phansi, singakanani isikhathi, izinsizakusebenza, nomzamo abawusebenzisayo kulowo msebenzi, kuphakamisa ukuthi intshisekelo yabo isiphenduke eyokugula kunokuthakazelisa impilo okuza nentshisekelo ehambisanayo.

Kepha imodeli yokuthanda izinto ezimbili ingasiza ekuchazeni ukugembula kwezifo? Ucwaningo olusha olushicilelwe ephephabhukwini i-Motivation Science luphakamisa ukuthi lungakwazi. Ocwaningweni lwabo, uBenjamin J. I. Schellenberg wase-University of Ottawa noDaniel S. Bailis wase-University of Manitoba baqasha abaxhasi abangu-240 emakhasino amabili aseCanada. Ngokuhambisana nokuhlinzeka ngemininingwane eyisisekelo yabantu, ababambiqhaza bacelwa ukuthi bagcwalise Isikali Sokugembula ukuze babone izici ezihambisanayo neziqaphelayo zokugembula. Yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ezifundweni zocwaningo ezedlule, isikali sifaka izinto ezifana nokuthi "Angikwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwalo mdlalo wokugembula" nokuthi "Lo mdlalo wokugembula ungivumela ukuba ngiphile okuhlangenwe nakho okungalibaleki." Ngemuva kokuqeda isikali, ababambiqhaza babe sebeqedela ukulingisa kokugembula besebenzisa i-Iowa Gask Task (IGT). Konke ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ematafuleni asethwe kumafoyila ekhasino.

I-IGT ekuqaleni yasungulwa ukuze isetshenziswe ocwaningweni lokuqonda ukulingisa izinqumo zempilo yangempela ezenziwa ngabagembuli. Isivivinyo umhlanganyeli ngamunye ethola imalimboleko yokuqala engama- $ 2,000 emalini yokuqagela futhi eyalelwa ukuthi akhulise inzuzo yakhe ngokukhetha emaphaketheni amane amakhadi. Ama-deck amabili okuqala, ama-deck A no-B, anikela ngemivuzo ephezulu kepha izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele phakathi ne-IGT, kanti amanye amadokodo amabili, ama-C no-D, anikela ngemiklomelo emincane kepha nezindleko ezincane eziholela inzuzo ephelele. Ukuzibeka engcupheni ku-IGT ngokwenza ukukhetha okuningi kusuka kumadeski A no-B kunalokho kusuka kumakhekhe C no-D, ngakho-ke, isu lokulahlekelwa okuthi, yize lingaholela ezinzuzweni eziphakeme futhi liqede ukulahleka kwangaphambilini kunoma yisiphi isilingo esinikeziwe, ekugcineni kuholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele inkambo ye-IGT. Umhlanganyeli ngamunye bese wenza ukukhetha okungu-100 bese ethola impendulo ngokushesha mayelana nenani lemali etholakele noma elahlekile ngemuva kwesivivinyo ngasinye. Njengoba ababambiqhaza bengatshelwa ngomehluko phakathi kwamaphakethe, kumele bafunde kuzo zonke izilingo ukuthi ikuphi ukukhetha okufanele bakwenze. I-IGT yaqedwa kukhompyutha ephathekayo nayo engasetshenziselwa ukubala izilinganiso ezahlukahlukene ukunquma ukuphumelela kokwenza izinqumo (isb., Inani lemali elisele, amaphesenti wamakhadi athathwe ezindaweni ezingathandeki kahle, njll).

Ukufunda Okucindezelayo Okufundwayo Okubalulekile

I-Psychology Yezokugembula