U-Iósif Stalin: I-Biography Nezigaba Zegunya Lakhe

-Delile

• Esinye sezibalo zomlando esivusa imibono ephikisana kakhulu ngenxa yokubusa kwakhe.
• Umlando omfushane nokuvela kukaStalin
• I-USSR neStalinism
• Imodeli yabanye, umcindezeli wabanye

Esinye sezibalo zomlando esivusa imibono ephikisana kakhulu ngenxa yokubusa kwakhe.

U-Iósif Vissariónovich Dzhugashvili, owaziwa kangcono njengo-Iósif Stalin (1879 - 1953) impela ungumuntu obaluleke kakhulu kwezepolitiki emlandweni wonke wabantu baseSlavic, wohlanga lwaseRussia ikakhulukazi. Abaningi ngeke bazi ukuthi uJosif noma uJosef wazalelwa eGori, eGeorgia ngaphansi kwezinsizwa zaseRussia. Wazalelwa emndenini ongajabule (njengoba ubaba wakhe ayengumlutha wotshwala).

Ukudlula kwakhe emlandweni nasezincwadini zezepolitiki akukufanele ukushiwo, ngoba uStalin, ngaphezu kokudala isimo sokubusa okuphelele phezu kwezakhamizi, waguqula iRussia yamakhosi yaba amandla kwezomnotho nakwezempi, ngenxa yezinguquko zakhe zezolimo ezikhuthazwa ngaphansi kobukhomanisi baseSoviet, ezempi kanye nokwenza ibutho libe sesimweni esihle nomsebenzi omkhulu ukuthi indima yayo yaba nayo ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili (1939 - 1945).

Umlando omfushane nokuvela kukaStalin

UJoseph Stalin wayeyintandane ebusheni bakhe, futhi lapho ubaba wakhe engakwazi ukunakekela imfundo yakhe (wayempofu futhi evame ukushaya indodana yakhe), wangena esikoleni sezenkolo. Kusukela ekuqaleni yena wagqama ngokungahloniphi kwakhe nokudelela kwakhe esikoleni phambi kweziphathimandla zothisha.

Ngaleso sikhathi, uStalin wajoyina izinhlu zemizabalazo yokuvukelwa kobusoshiyali nemisebenzi, ephikisana nokukhohlakala kwabaphathi. Ngo-1903 iRussian Social Democratic Party yahlukana kabili, no-Iosif walandela uphawu lwephiko elinamandla elibizwa nge- "Bolshevik".

Kwakungaleso sikhathi lapho u-Iósif uthole igama elithi "Stalin", okusho ukuthi "indoda yensimbi", ukuhlonipha umlingiswa wakhe ongapheli lapho efeza imibono yakhe, esebenzisa imikhuba yokuba semthethweni okungabazekayo, njengokuhlanza Aqala ngakho kwenye inguquko efana noLeon Trotsky, isitha sakhe esikhulu emzabalazweni wamandla.

Uphinde wasungula iqembu leSocial Democratic njengeqembu lamaKhomanisi, UStalin waba ngunobhala jikelele ngonyaka we-1922, ngemuva kokunqoba kweRussia Revolution ngo-1917, wabona ezinxushunxushwini ithuba lokuvuka embusweni futhi abe yindoda enamandla yezinguquko.

I-USSR neStalinism

I-Union of Soviet Republics yasungulwa ngo-1922, yaze yawela ekuweni ngokuphelele ngo-1991. Umqondo weRiphabhuliki kaMarx kwaba ukuvela kombuso wezwe wobusoshiyali futhi wasakazeka ngokwendawo yayo yethonya. Lokhu kucabanga ukufana kwayo kuyo yonke ingxenye ye-Eurasia, kufinyelela ngisho nasemazweni ase-Arab naseLatin America afaka phakathi.

Njengoba bekungeke kube ngenye indlela, u-Iósif Stalin wayengumsekeli wakhe omkhulu futhi eveze iphrojekthi enjalo, futhi ngobuqili obukhulu wayazi ukuthi angaphoqa kanjani umthetho wakhe. Akuzange kuguqule izwe libe namandla ezomnotho noma amasosha kuphela, kodwa futhi nelomqondo. Kwakuwukuziphendukela kwemvelo ezingeni lezimboni eRussia, kuncintisana ne-United States nge-hegemony yomhlaba.

Noma kunjalo, konke kunenani. Intengo abantu bendawo okufanele bayikhokhe, ikhonjelwe embusweni wamaphoyisa, ngokuthintwa okucindezelayo nokuqeda noma yiluphi uhlobo lokungaboni ngaso linye kwezepolitiki. Wahlanza ababambisene nabo ngqo, wabeka imithetho enzima yabasebenzi ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe futhi waphatha kabi amanye amazwe aseSatellite (amazwe angaphansi kombuso wobukhomanisi).

Imodeli yabanye, umcindezeli wabanye

UJoseph Stalin akazange ashiye - futhi akasishiyi - noma ngubani ongenandaba. Abazithandayo bazishaya isifuba ngaye futhi baze bamkhokhele njalo ngonyaka ezweni lakubo laseGeorgia, baphendule lo mkhosi waba yinto yokuhambela. Ngokwesinye isandla, baningi labo abamfanele njenge omunye wabashiqela abathanda igazi lowo mlando wake wazi.

Izinyathelo zenhlalo nezomnotho ezenziwa "yinsimbi" azinakuphikwa: izinguquko kwezolimo, inguquko kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezindiza okuholele ekutheni amaRussia abe ngowokuqala ukuzungeza isikhala, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zokukhiqiza, kumakwe ngaphambi nangemva ezingeni lomhlaba elihlala kuze kube namuhla.

Ngokunjalo, konke lokhu wakufeza ngenqindi yensimbi, ngokuqothula amalungelo ngamanye njengenkululeko yokukhuluma, ukwenqatshelwa kokudingiswa kanye nokwenziwa kwezinsizakalo eziyimfihlo ezesabekayo ezinjengeKGB Kuthiwa wabulala amakhomanisi amaningi kunezitha zawo.

Ukushona kwakhe ngo-1953 ngenxa yezimbangela zemvelo, kwakusho ukwehla kweSunistist Union kanye nezinga layo lokuphakama, okufaka isandla kulokho okubizwa nge- "Cold War", lapho i-USSR yayizolahlekelwa yithonya namandla kancane kancane ize iphele ngo-1991.