I-Precuña: Izici Nemisebenzi yale Ngxenye Yobuchopho

-Delile

• Le ngxenye ye-cerebral cortex isendaweni ye-parietal lobe futhi inemisebenzi eminingi.
• I-Precuña: incazelo, isakhiwo nendawo
• Izici
• Imininingwane yomuntu (imemori ye-episodic)
• Ukucutshungulwa kwe-Visuospatial
• 2. Ukuzazi
• 3. Ukubona okuqondayo
• 4. Ukuhlanganisa umongo
• Ngaphambi kwesigaxa sesifo i-Alzheimer's

Le ngxenye ye-cerebral cortex isendaweni ye-parietal lobe futhi inemisebenzi eminingi.

Ingqondo yomuntu iyisitho esiyinkimbinkimbi nesithakazelisayo. Ingxenye ngayinye yobuchopho yakhiwa ngama-lobes amaningana.

Futhi ku-lobe ephakeme ye-parietal, efihliwe phakathi kwezendlalelo zemicu yezinzwa, singathola i-pre-wedge, isifunda esihlukile sezimpawu zayo kanye nemisebenzi ebhekiswe kuso njengesikhungo esiyinhloko sokuxhumanisa ubuchopho, kanye nokubamba iqhaza ezinqubweni zokuzazi. .

Kule ndatshana sichaza ukuthi yini i-pre-wedge, ukuthi sakhiwe kanjani nokuthi sitholakala kuphi, iyini imisebenzi yaso eyinhloko nokuthi ibamba iqhaza elingakanani ekuthuthukiseni isifo i-Alzheimer's.

I-Precuña: incazelo, isakhiwo nendawo

I-pre-wedge noma i-precuneus iyi isifunda esisezingeni eliphakeme le-parietal lobe, elifihliwe ekuqhekekeni kobude besikhathi eside, phakathi kwawo womabili ama-hemispheres. Imingcele ngaphambili igatsha eliseceleni kwe-cingulate sulcus, engxenyeni engemuva yi-parieto-occipital sulcus futhi, ngezansi, yi-subparietal sulcus.

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-pre-wedge nayo ichazwe njengendawo yangaphakathi ye-parietal cortex ephakeme. Ngamagama we-cytoarchitectural, it ihambelana nendawo kaBrodmann 7, ukuhlukaniswa kwesifunda separietal se-cortex.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inenhlangano eyinkimbinkimbi ye-cortical ngesimo samakholomu futhi ingesinye sezindawo zobuchopho ezithatha isikhathi eside ukuqedela i-myelination (inqubo ama-axon agcotshwe ngayo ne-myelin, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukwenza ngcono ijubane lomfutho ukudluliswa kwemizwa). I-morphology yayo ikhombisa ukwehluka ngakunye, kokubukeka kwayo nosayizi we-longitudinal.

Futhi, i-pre-wedge inokuxhumeka okuningi kwe-neural ; ezingeni le-cortical, lixhuma nezindawo ze-sensorimotor, nezindawo ezihlobene nemisebenzi yokuphatha, inkumbulo nokuhlelwa kwezimoto, kanye ne-cortex yokuqala ebonakalayo; futhi ezingeni le-subcortical, inokuxhumana okubalulekile ne-thalamic nuclei kanye nesiqu sobuchopho.

I-pre-wedge isakhiwo esakheke kakhulu kubantu kunezilwane, ngoba ezingeni lokuziphendukela kwemvelo kube nokwanda okukhulu ngosayizi (ngesimo nangaphezulu) we-parietal and frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex yomuntu kuqhathaniswa ezinye izilwane, nokuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi ephakeme yokuqonda. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo esivuse intshisekelo enkulu emphakathini wezinzwa, yize i-anatomy ngokweqile "ingafinyeleleki" (ngenxa yendawo yayo).

Izici

I-pre-wedge yile enye yezindawo eziyinhloko zokulawulwa nokuhlanganiswa kwengqondo yethu, futhi isebenza njengohlobo lomqhubi lapho amasiginali amaningi adingekayo ukuze lolu lwazi lusebenze njengephasi lonke elihlanganisiwe.

Ngezansi kunemisebenzi ehlukene ekhonjiswe ku-pre-wedge:

Imininingwane yomuntu (imemori ye-episodic)

I-pre-wedge isebenza ngokuphathelene ne-cortex yangaphambi kwesobunxele, ebandakanyeka ezinqubweni ezihlobene nenkumbulo ye-episodic nezinkumbulo zomlando womuntu. Ngalo mqondo, ibamba iqhaza ezicini ezinjengokunakwa, ukuvuselelwa kwememori ye-episodic, inkumbulo yokusebenza noma izinqubo zokubona okuqondayo.

Ukucutshungulwa kwe-Visuospatial

Eminye yemisebenzi esemqoka lapho kuphakanyiswe i-pre-wedge ukuthi ibandakanyeke ukucutshungulwa kwe-visuospatial; Le ndawo izobamba iqhaza ukuphathwa kokunakwa kwendawo, lapho kukhona ukunyakaza futhi, futhi, lapho kwenziwa izithombe.

Kukholelwa futhi ukuthi yiyo ebhekele ukuhlanganiswa kwezimoto ezinqubweni zokunaka ezihlukene; okusho ukuthi, lapho kudingeka ukuthi kunakwe izindawo ezahlukene noma izindawo ezinesikhala (isib. lapho kubhalwa umbhalo noma kudwetshwa umdwebo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pre-wedge izovulwa, kanye ne-preotor cortex, ekusebenzeni kwengqondo okudinga ukucubungulwa kwe-visuospatial.

2. Ukuzazi

Uphenyo oluhlukahlukene luxhumanise i-pre-wedge nezinqubo lapho unembeza wakho ungenelela khona; Ngalo mqondo, lesi sifunda sobuchopho sizoba nendima efanele ekuhlanganiseni umbono wethu uqobo, kwinethiwekhi yobudlelwano bendawo, besikhashana kanye nobudlelwano bezenhlalo. I-pre-wedge ibizophatha ukukhiqiza lowo muzwa wokuqhubeka phakathi kobuchopho, umzimba nemvelo.

Ezifundweni ezinezithombe ezisebenzayo, kuye kwabonwa ukuthi lesi sakhiwo sobuchopho sihlaziya futhi sihumushe "inhloso" yabanye maqondana nathi ; okusho ukuthi, izosebenza njengendlela yokuhlaziya izahlulelo zabanye ezidinga ukutolika okwanele ukuze zisebenze ngokufanele (isib. ngozwela).

3. Ukubona okuqondayo

Ngaphezu kokuba neqhaza elifanele ezinkambisweni zokuzazisa, kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi i-pre-wedge ingaba, kanye ne-posterior cingate cortex, efanelekile ekucutshungulweni nasekuboneni ulwazi.

Kubonakele ukuthi i-cerebral glucose metabolism yanda kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvuka, okuphikisana nalokho okwenzeka lapho ungaphansi kwethonya le-anesthesia. Futhi, ngesikhathi sokulala okuhamba kancane kwe-wave nokuhamba kwamehlo okusheshayo noma ukulala kwe-REM, i-pre-wedge ingahle icishe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukholakala ukuthi imisebenzi yokuqonda ehlobene nale ndawo yobuchopho ingaba nomthelela ekuhlanganiseni ulwazi lwangaphakathi (oluvela ebuchosheni nasemzimbeni wethu) nolwazi lwezemvelo noma lwangaphandle; ngakho-ke, i-pre-wedge izodlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezakha ukwazi kanye nengqondo ngokujwayelekile.

4. Ukuhlanganisa umongo

Izifundo ezanda ngokwengeziwe zisekela indima ye-pre-wedge njengoba isikhungo sokuhlanganisa samanethiwekhi we-neural yobuchopho, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuphakeme kunethiwekhi ye-cortical yalesi sitho kanye nokuxhuma kwayo okuningi futhi okunamandla nezindawo zangaphambili eziphethe imisebenzi yokuphatha njengokuhlela. , ukugadwa nokwenza izinqumo.

Ngaphambi kwesigaxa sesifo i-Alzheimer's

Isifo i-Alzheimer 's sisekuqaleni kwaso, iqala ngezinkinga ze-metabolic endaweni yama-lobes medari parietal. Kubukeka sengathi ukukhuliswa kwalezi zifunda zobuchopho yikhona okunikeza ubungozi obuthile ekungeneni kwe-neurodegeneration okulandelayo okutholwa yilezi ziguli.

Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwasikisela ukuthi kungaba nobudlelwano phakathi kokukhulelwa kanye nokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo esibi.Njengoba sike saphawula phambilini, i-pre-wedge iguquke ngokuhlukile kubantu kunezilwane: umehluko omkhulu maqondana namanye ama-primates, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi lesi sakhiwo siveza amazinga aphezulu kakhulu we-metabolic.

Ngokusobala, i-pre-wedge inamazinga aphezulu wokukhishwa kwe-metabolic kunalokho obekuzohambisana ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, nayo eyenzeka ngamanani ayo ashisayo. Into ehlekisayo ukuthi i-Alzheimer's's iqala ngezinkinga ze-metabolic ngqo endaweni ejulile yangaphakathi ye-parietal, lapho kutholakala khona i-pre-wedge. Futhi isici se-Alzheimer's yi-phosphorylation yamaprotheni we-tau, okwenzeka ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezifukamela ubusika ekuphenduleni izinguquko zokushisa.

Okusikiswa ososayensi bezinzwa ukuthi i-pathology ejwayelekile futhi ephawuleka njengabantu njenge-Alzheimer's ingahlotshaniswa nezindawo zobuchopho ezine-morphology ethize nakubantu. Futhi abakubuzayo ukuthi ngabe ukwanda kokuxaka kwalezi zindawo zobuchopho nakho kungaholela ekwandeni kokuxakeka kwezinto eziphilayo, okwesibili, okungadala ukwanda komthamo we-metabolic, ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative kanye nezinkinga zeselula ezibeka umuntu ekuhluphekeni esifo i-Alzheimer's.

Kodwa-ke, ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwe-pre-wedge nezinye izakhiwo ezifanayo nokwenziwa kwalokhu nezinye izifo ezingenayo i-neurodegenerative kuyaphenywa njengamanje, ngenhloso yokuthola imishanguzo emisha nezinhloso zokwelapha ezelapha noma, okungenani, zinciphise inqubekela phambili yazo.