Ukulwa Kwezenkolo Nezingokomoya Ngesikhathi Sobunzima

UMarian Fontana wayephila impilo enhle. Wayeseshade ngenjabulo nomyeni wakhe, uDave, iminyaka engu-17, ayenendodana encane naye. UMarian wayexoxa “kaningi noNkulunkulu” njalo. Njengengxenye ejwayelekile yempilo yakhe yansuku zonke, ubengabonga uNkulunkulu ngakho konke obekuhamba kahle futhi acele uNkulunkulu ukuthi abusise abanye abaswele.

Kwabe sekufika uSepthemba 11, 2001.

Ngesikhathi uMarian ebona iWorld Trade Center idilika kuthelevishini, wazi ukuthi impilo yakhe nayo iyawohloka. UDave wayengumcimi-mlilo waseNew York owabizelwa endaweni yesehlakalo. Ngemuva kokubona ukufa kwakhe, impendulo yakhe yokuqala kwaba ukuzulazula kuwo wonke amasonto asendaweni yakubo ukuthandaza nokuthandaza nokuthandazela impilo kaDave. Kepha, lo mthandazo bekungafanele uphendulwe.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zosizi oluphelele, uMarian waqala ukubona ubuhle futhi. Kodwa-ke, impilo yakhe yokomoya yayihlukile. Njengoba abelana ngedokhumentari ye-PBS, "Faith and Doubt at Ground Zero:"

“Angikholwanga ukuthi lo Nkulunkulu ebengikhulume naye ngendlela yami iminyaka engama-35 anga ... phendula lo muntu onothando abe ngamathambo. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kulapho-ke lapho ngezwa khona ukuthi ukholo lwami belubuthakathaka kakhulu ... Izingxoxo zami noNkulunkulu ebenginazo, angisenazo ... Manje angikwazi ukuziletha ukukhuluma Naye ... ngoba Ngizizwa ngilahliwe ... ”

Ngemuva kweminyaka, uMarian wenza kangcono. Ubhale incwadi ebhaliwe mayelana nesipiliyoni sakhe (“Ukuhamba Komfelokazi”), futhi ubika ukungabi nolaka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba asho engxoxweni ebukhoma ehlelwe yi-PBS eminyakeni eyi-10 ngemuva kokushona kukaDave, "[Angisaxoxi noNkulunkulu ngendlela engangikade ngayo."

Isenzakalo sempilo esingesihle njengokulahlekelwa othandekayo singasebenza njengembumbulu ezimpilweni zabantu abaningi benkolo noma zokomoya. Kwabanye, inkolo noma ingokomoya lingakhula — licwengisiswe noma lijule lapho kuvivinywa. Kwabanye, njengoMarian, inkolo noma ingokomoya lingehla ngandlela thile.

Ithimba lososayensi bezengqondo eliholwa nguJulie Exline eCase Western Reserve University seliqale ukuphenya ukuthi kwenzekani ngezikhathi zomzabalazo wenkolo noma wokomoya. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ezifundweni eziningana , leli qembu locwaningo lithole ukuthi amaphesenti angama-44 kuya kwangama-72 ababambiqhaza ocwaningweni abakhombisa ezinye izinkolelo zokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu noma ze-agnostic babika ukuthi ukungakholelwa kwabo, okungenani ngezinga elithile, kungenxa yezici zobudlelwano noma zomzwelo (ngamaphesenti ahlukahluka kumasampula nezindlela) .

( Chofoza lapha ukuthola ingxoxo eyengeziwe yokuthi inkolo nokomoya kwehla kanjani e-United States, nezinye izizathu ezingamasiko ukuthi kungani.)

Isici esisodwa esingabeka abantu phambili ekushintsheni imibono yabo yezenkolo noma engokomoya ngezikhathi ezinzima sithinta izinkolelo zabo ezazikhona ngaphambili ngoNkulunkulu. Muva nje, u-Exline nethimba lakhe bashicilele ucwaningo olubonisa ukuthi abantu abanemibono engenzeleli ngoNkulunkulu kungenzeka banciphise imisebenzi yezenkolo neyezenkolo kulandela ubunzima. Ngokuyinhloko, labo abavumela izinkolelo ukuthi uNkulunkulu ubangela, avumele, noma akakwazi ukuvimbela ukuhlupheka kungenzeka ukuthi banciphe.

UMarian Fontana uyisibonelo saleli phethini elijwayelekile. Ekudabukeni kwakhe, akakwazanga ukuvumelanisa ubuhle abubonayo eduze kwakhe nomcabango wokuthi ngandlela thile uNkulunkulu ubenomthwalo wokuguqula umyeni wakhe amthandayo “abe ngamathambo.” Ngokunikezwe lokhu, kuyaqondakala ukuthi akasenantshisekelo yokuba "nezingxoxo noNkulunkulu."

Vele, abantu abafani ngendlela abasabela ngayo enhlekeleleni.

Ukuqhubeka nokucacisa la magugu, kwesinye isihloko, u-Exline nozakwabo bahlukanisa izindlela ezintathu ezijwayelekile abantu "ababhikishela" ngazo uNkulunkulu ngesikhathi sobunzima. Lezi zinhlobo zombhikisho zingaba khona ngokuqhubekayo, kusuka kumbhikisho wokuqina (isib. Ukubuza nokukhononda kuNkulunkulu) ukuya kwimizwa engemihle (isb. Intukuthelo nokudumala kuNkulunkulu) ukuphuma ngamasu (isib. Ukubambelela entukuthelweni, ukwenqaba uNkulunkulu, ukuqeda ubuhlobo).

Isibonelo, encwadini yami engiyithandayo yesikhathi sonke, "Night," owaphumelela umklomelo weNobel Peace Prize, u-Elie Wiesel, walandisa ngobunono ezinye zezimpi zakhe noNkulunkulu ngesikhathi athunjwa amaNazi. Kwesinye sezigaba ezaziwa kakhulu kule ncwadi, uWiesel wabhala ngokuphendula kwakhe kokuqala lapho efika e-Auschwitz:

“Angisoze ngabukhohlwa lobo busuku, ubusuku bokuqala ekhempini, obuguqule impilo yami yaba yibusuku obubodwa obude, obuqalekisiwe kasikhombisa futhi obabekwa kasikhombisa. Angisoze ngawukhohlwa lowomusi. Angisoze ngikhohlwa ubuso obuncane bezingane, izidumbu zazo engazibona ziguquka zaba amagoda ezimbali zentuthu ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza. Angisoze ngawakhohlwa lawo malangabi aqeda ukholo lwami ingunaphakade. ”

Kwezinye izindima, uWiesel uchaze ngokwethembeka okuluhlaza enye intukuthelo yakhe kuNkulunkulu ngokuvumela lokhu kuhlupheka ukuthi kwenzeke. Isibonelo, kuYom Kippur, uSuku Lokubuyisana lapho amaJuda azila ukudla, uWiesel wathi:

“Angizange ngizile ... angisakwamukelanga ukuthula kukaNkulunkulu. Ngenkathi ngigwinya isabelo sami sesobho, ngaphendula leso senzo saba uphawu lokuhlubuka, lokumelana Naye. ”

Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, ohlelweni lwakhe lomsakazo, “On Being,” uKrista Tippett wabuza uWiesel ukuthi kwenzekeni ngokholo lwakhe eminyakeni eyalandela. UWiesel uphendule ngokuthakaselayo:

“Ngaqhubeka ngathandaza. Ngakho ngikhulume lawa mazwi amabi, futhi ngimi kuwo wonke amagama engiwakhulumile. Kodwa ngemuva kwalokho, ngaqhubeka ngathandaza ... angikaze ngikungabaze ukuba khona kukaNkulunkulu. ”

Yiqiniso, amaJuda amaningi — nabaseYurophu abaningi — bakwenqaba ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu ngemva kokuQothulwa Kwesizwe. NjengoMarian Fontana, ngokuqondakalayo abakwazanga ukuvumelanisa ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu onamandla onke, onothando nokuhlupheka okukhulu okwenzekile. U-Elie Wiesel, ngokuhlukile, uphenye uNkulunkulu futhi wakhulisa ulaka olukhulu kuNkulunkulu, kepha akazange aphume ebudlelwaneni.

Kubantu abafuna ukugcina ubudlelwane noNkulunkulu, kungasiza kakhulu ukuthola le ndlela yokubhikisha ngaphandle kokuphuma. Endimeni yabo yesihloko, Exline kanye nozakwenu bandise kulokhu okungenzeka:

“Ikhono lokwehlukanisa phakathi kokuziphatha okuphumayo (okulimaza kakhulu ubudlelwano) nokuziphatha okuqinisayo (okungasiza ubudlelwano) kungaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ... ... Abanye ... abantu ... ukubekezelela umbhikisho — ikakhulukazi ngezindlela zawo zokuqina — empeleni kungaba yingxenye yobuhlobo obuseduze, obuqinile noNkulunkulu? ”

Wilt, J. A., Exline, J. J., Lindberg, M. J., Park, C. L., & Pargament, K. I. (2017). Izinkolelo zemfundiso yenkolo ngokuhlupheka nokuxhumana naphezulu. Psychology Yezenkolo Nezingokomoya, 9, 137-147.