Ukudonswa kwesiphathimandla se-Authoritarians kuma-Malcontents kanye nama-Militants

Ngesikhathi sokudideka okukhulu kwezenhlalo, ukungeneliseki kanye nezinxushunxushu — hhayi ngokungafani nezwe esiphila kulo manje — abantu abaningi badonseleka kubaholi abanobungqabavu abanesibindi abathembisa ukuphepha nokuzinza, ukukhululeka ezinkingeni nasekwesabeni, nasezenzweni zokujezisa “abanye” abayingozi.

Iningi labasekeli babo bayizakhamizi ezihloniphekile, abavoti abazibambezelayo kwezepolitiki, osopolitiki kanye nochwepheshe. Kepha kukhona nalabo ababona i-vitriol njengethuba lokuveza intukuthelo nenzondo, noma igunya lezempi ngisho nokuthatha izikhali.

Ngezikhathi zokungaqiniseki nokwesaba, abaholi abazimele geqe kanye nabademokhrasi bakwazi kangcono ukuthola izintambo zombuso ngokhetho noma ngama-coup. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, amadoda anjalo anamandla (uMussolini, uHitler, uStalin, uMao, uHirohito, uFranco, uBatista, u-Amin, uChavez, uMugabe, uSukarno, uSamosa, uPinochet) aheha abalandeli abashisekayo, aba nethonya eliphawulekayo, futhi kaningi enza ubudlova nokuchitheka kwegazi.

Kakade kuleli khulu leminyaka, abanye ababusi abangomashiqela basebenzisa amandla okuzimela (uPutin, uModi, uBolsonaro, uXi Jinping, u-Orban, u-Erdogan, uLukashenko, uMaduro nabanye).

Izwe laseMelika lisindisiwe omongameli bezinhlangano ezidingida inkolelo kodwa kube khona impela abantu baseMelika abanemibono yobushiqela engagunci: uHuey Long, uJoe McCarthy, uJ. Edgar Hoover, uJimmy Hoffa, uGeorge Wallace, uCharles Coughlin nabanye bashiye imibhalo ejulile.

Izinhlangano zezombangazwe zobushiqela zivame ukufana nezinkolo, ngokuthi ziholwa abaholi abanomusa, zihehe abalandeli abanentshiseko (“Amakholwa Eqiniso”), futhi zivuse imizwa nentukuthelo enkulu kwabanye “abahlambalazayo”.

Ngisebenzisa igama elithi “ihlelo” ngokululeka ngoba, eminyakeni edlule, ngifunde amakhulu amalungu ezinkolo zenkolo, inoveli "yezinkolelo ezinkulu" emazweni ahlukahlukene. Lawa maqembu ayenabaholi abazibiza ngokuthi bangobuMesiya abazinikele kwabo abazinikele ababakhonza njengonkulunkulu abangamampunge.

Ngaphambi kokujoyina, noma kunjalo, labo abakhanga kakhulu kula maqembu bebenganelisekile ngezimpilo zabo kanye nomphakathi. Babekhukhuleka, bengajabule ngabo, bezibuza ukuthi bazoke bazizwe benelisekile futhi bezethemba.

Bazizwa behlukanisiwe nomndeni kanye nomphakathi (ukungakhululeki ezimweni zenhlalo, ukubamba iqhaza ngokungasho lutho, bengafaneleki); ukwehlisa isithunzi (ukudangala, ukukhungatheka, ithemba elibi, intukuthelo); ukuzethemba okuphansi (ukunganeliseki ngokwabo, izinkomba zabo, nekusasa labo).

Ngenkathi bevezwa ngamaqembu akholwa ngokweqiniso nabaholi abanesibindi, bathatheka yinjabulo. Abaningi bajoyina futhi ezinyangeni zabo zokuqala zobulungu, bezwa sengathi "basindisiwe" ezimpilweni zabo ezingafezekanga. Bazizwa beguqulwe ngokuthola amandla nenjongo obekuntuleka ezimpilweni zabo, futhi abaningi baba nentshiseko. (Le mizwa izophela nakanjani.)

Babephumelele “Oo-B B abane” thina (sonke) silwela ukuthola: izinzwa zokuthi Sikhona (ukuzizwa sinesisekelo, siyiqiniso, sinethemba); Ukuba yingxenye (ingxenye ebalulekile yeqembu elamukelayo, elifana nomqondo ofanayo); Ukukholelwa (ukuzibophezela kumagugu nemibono); kanye ne-Benevolence (umuzwa wokusiza abanye).

Kepha nakulawo maqembu enkolo athanda ukuthula, kwakukhona amalungu athile (nabaholi) ababedinwe begane unwabu futhi benolaka, futhi ababefuna "ukusunduza imvilophu" ekubhekaneni nasezingxabanweni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube nodlame.

Dlulela phambili njengamanje lapho siphila enkathini yesiyaluyalu esinezinsongo ezivela ngasikhathi sinye: ubhadane lwe-COVID-19; ukucwasana ngokobuhlanga kanye nezinye "izisimu" ezinenzondo; ukwehlukaniswa okukhulu kwezepolitiki; kunciphisa ukwahluka kwezomnotho; imiphumela emibi yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke; izakhamizi eziphethe izibhamu nezikhali ezizenzakalelayo.

Lesi “sivunguvungu esiphelele” sezinxushunxushu zomphakathi ezihhahhamezayo sithinta yonke iminyaka nezinhlanga, ubuzwe, izinkolo nezinhlanga. Abanye banakho kubi kakhulu kunabanye, kepha akekho umuntu ongathinteki. Abantu abaqiniseki futhi bayesaba ngempilo yabo, imindeni, isikole, imisebenzi, imali kanye nokusinda.

Bazizwa bengavikelekile ngama-odysseys abo kanye nekusasa labo. Imibuzo ekhona miningi: Kungani sikulesi simo? Siphokophelephi? Ngubani osiholayo? Siyoba yini sonke?

Abantu abaningi abanganelisekile futhi abesabayo bafuna induduzo kulaba bantu abacindezelayo, kanti abanye baqinisekiswa ngabaholi abanobukhosi abavusa imicabango yabo, bakhulise amandla abo, futhi bathembise ukukhululeka ezingcindezelweni ezingapheli. Bakhuthaza abalandeli ngamandla abo futhi bagxila kulaka lwabo emandleni amabi. Kulesi simo esivuthayo, ukushisekela, "isms" enenzondo, kanye nemibono yozungu kugcwele futhi kungaba yindawo yokuzalela impi.

Ama-malcontents kanye nabashokobezi bathatheka yizinkulumo ezinomlilo ezithembisa ukuqeda izwe ngezinto ezivukelayo nokunikeza izixazululo ezinkingeni zabo. Bakholelwa enkulumweni yomholi futhi bathintwa ukuphoqa kwakhe, futhi izinkanuko zabo ziyavutha futhi zivutha. Bazizwa benamandla, beqiniseka ukuthi ekugcineni bazothathelwa izinyathelo ngokweqile kwezepolitiki noma ezinye izenzo egameni labo. Abaholi bavame ukubonwa "njengabasindisi" beqiniso abazonikeza izitha zabo ingozi, futhi bangabuyela emasikweni nasezimisweni ezingcwelisiwe.

Amalungu avusiwe ayachuma ebunzimeni bawo obukhulu. Banamandla, ukungajabuli kwabo kuyancipha, njengoba sebethunyelwe ezinhlelweni zezenzo zokulungisa.

Kuleso simo somqondo, abashisekeli basebenzisa ama-Four B's: Bazizwa bengcono ngemizwa yabo nangomhlaba wabo (being). Ukwehlukaniswa kwabo kanye nokudicilelwa phansi amandla kuyaphela, ikakhulukazi enkampanini yabantu abavusa ngokufana (Belonging). Ukuchema kwabo nokuqiniswa okuqinisiwe kubalulekile kubo, kondla ukuvutha kwabo (Ukukholelwa). Banesiqiniseko sokuthi lokhu abakwenzayo kuzokwenza umhlaba ube indawo engcono (Benevolence).

Siye sabona kaningi, kuthelevishini nakwezokuxhumana, lesi simo esivamile: Ngesikhathi sokukhombisa ngokuthula isikhalazo esisemthethweni (ubuhlanga, isihluku, ukudutshulwa), kuvela amadoda (imvamisa), imvamisa avela ngaphandle kwaleyo ndawo yedolobha, kwesinye isikhathi egqoke ezempi izimpi zokulwa futhi kuhlonywe kakhulu, kuvame ukuphindaphindwa kweziqubulo nezinsongo zobandlululo, ukuqinela nokuvusa izingxabano, ukusebenzisa ubudlova ngokomzimba ngisho nangezikhathi ezithile ukudubula izikhali.

Iphethini yabo ukusabisa, ukugqugquzela, nokuvutha, futhi abaningi babo babonakala bethatha injabulo ephikisanayo ezimpini ezinobudlova. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi zithini izisusa zabo, okuyingozi kakhulu ngokuyinhloko “konakalisa impi,” kungakhathalekile ukuthi kwezepolitiki noma yiziphi izikhalazo.

Kepha abanye emphakathini babona lezi zidlamlilo njengabenzi bobubi abesabekayo, iziqhwaga, nama-louts, ikakhulukazi lapho izingxabano zenzeka ngemuva kokuthi abaholi bezakhamizi bancenge imibhikisho enokuthula. Amaphoyisa (unogada kazwelonke, izithunywa zombuso) angaphendula ngobuningi bawo, kwesinye isikhathi ngempumelelo, kwezinye izikhathi ngemiphumela emibi. Kepha bavame ukulahlekelwa ukuvimba udlame nokuphatha ngokuthula lawa mabutho azibiza ngawo. Bayazi ukuthi ngokwabo bangaphansi kokuhlolisiswa esidlangalaleni futhi bayagxekwa, futhi abafisi ukuhilizisana namabutho ahlomile.

Isichibiyelo Sokuqala sifaka ilungelo leNkulumo Ekhululekile, esiyazisa ngokufanelekile. Izakhamizi ezikhungathekile bezilokhu zisebenzisa lelo lungelo elingenakwehlulwa ngokudlulisa ukukhathazeka kwazo okubanjwe ngokujulile, ngokukhombisa ngokusobala, ukumasha, nokuziveza ngokuzwakalayo nangokuzwakalayo. Amakholwa eqiniso ashisekayo kunzima ukuxoxa nawo, kodwa-ke ukuxoxisana nokubambisana kufezekile ezikhathini eziningi.

Kepha abenzi bobudlova abanobudlova, amasosha asemabuthweni, kanye nabanikazi bamasosha emabuthweni azibiza ngabodwa — noma ngabe bakhuthazwa yizinhloso zabo abazithandayo, ubudlwangudlwangu bomuntu siqu, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, noma okubhebhezelwa yizidakamizwa noma utshwala — akunakubekezelelwa emphakathini wentando yeningi. Impela ukulawula kwabo kuyimithwalo yemfanelo yabaholi bomphakathi abakhethiwe kanye namaphoyisa.

Imiphakathi ehlukunyezwe ukukhungatheka okukhulu kwezakhamizi kanye nezingxabano zepolitiki ezihlukanisiwe zivame ukubhekana nezinsongo zabantu abafuna ukuhlakanipha abagqugquzela ama-malcontents angajabule kanye nabashokobezi abanobudlova. Ngakho-ke sisele nenselelo enkulu kanye ne-conundrum: Singayinciphisa kanjani noma siyivimbele kanjani i-vitriol ekhishwe ngamadoda aqine ngokwedemokhrasi agqugquzela imizwa yenzondo nezenzo ezinobudlova ezinsizweni ezisengcupheni?