Into Yokugcina Okufanele Uyazi Ngokuqedwa Kwe-Ego
-Delile
Cishe uke wezwa ngomqondo wezengqondo wokuqedwa kwe-ego. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa ukuzithiba wenze into eyodwa, ithiyori, lapho-ke awusakwazi ukusebenzisa ukuzithiba kwezinye izinto, ngisho nasendaweni ehlukile yempilo yakho. Uma ngabe ubusebenza usuku lonke ukumelana nokudla ushokoledi ngoba uku-diet, usengozini enkulu yokwehluleka ukuzithiba ngalobo busuku.
Lo ngumbono ovusa inkanuko futhi wasuka masinyane ngoba unembile. Ngubani ongakaze abe nokuhlangenwe nakho kokufuna ukushaya phansi kusofa ngemuva kosuku olunzima esikhundleni sokuya ejimini noma ekugijimeni? Kepha nansi inkinga: ososayensi abakwazanga ukuthola ukusekelwa okungaguquguquki kwayo kudatha. Ngaphandle kokuzizwa kwayo kwesinye isikhathi, isifundo esisha esiphoqayo sikhombisa ukuthi ugqozi alupheli njengophethiloli ethangini.
Ukugqugquzela akuyona insiza ekhawulelwe. Ukucwaninga ngokuqedwa kwe-ego kukhombisa ukuthi ukugqugquzela kungaba, esikhundleni salokho, kube ngokuzithoba ngokuphelele.
Ukwanda nokuwa kokuphela kwe-ego kukhombisa nenhlekelele enkulu yesayensi yokusebenza kwengqondo yanamuhla. Sesikhathazeke kakhulu ngokujaha izici ezi-quirky zokuziphatha kwabantu kangangokuba asisekho umbono wemibuzo emikhulu.Lapho kusenokuningi okungatholwa ngesihloko esifana nokugqugquzela, senza okungahambi kahle kwisayensi lapho silandela indlela emincane ebekwe abanye kunokuba singene endaweni entsha esikhaleni esikhulu esingahloliwe.
Kuningi okulotshwe selokhu kwashicilelwa iphepha elijwayelekile, “Ukuphela kwe-Ego: Ingabe umuntu osebenzayo uyinsiza elinganiselwe? ”NguRoy Baumeister nozakwabo ngonyaka we-1998. Leli phepha selicashunwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-6 200 futhi kuyisihloko sezihlaziyo eziningi ze-meta. Isibalo ngonyaka ka-2015 sakhonjwa endaweni ethile ezungeze ama-300 ego ekunciphiseni izivivinyo emaphepheni angaphezu kwe-140 ashicilelwe. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zatheleka kulo mbono futhi zatshala amahora amaningi okuzihlola.
Wonke lo msebenzi uqhubekile naphezu kokungabaza okuncane ngomphumela wokuncipha kwe-ego. Enye yezinkumbulo zami zokuqala zenkomfa ibikhuluma nabanye abacwaningi bokuzithiba ngokuthi sonke sizame kanjani ukuphindaphinda ukuqeda kwe-ego kumalebhu ethu futhi akekho noyedwa kithi ongakwazi. Ukwehluleka kokuqala kokushicilela ukuphinda umphumela kwavela ngo-2004. Ukungabaza kwahlala ekhoneni elincane lomphakathi wesayensi, kepha abantu abangaphandle kwalowo mbuthano babengenaso isizathu esincane sokungabaza ukwehla kwe-ego.
Umbono washintsha ngokungazelelwe ngo-2010. Ngalowo nyaka, uMartin Hagger nozakwabo bashicilela ukuhlaziywa kwezimeta okwathola ukusekelwa kokuqedwa kwe-ego kodwa babuye baqaphela ukuthi abantu abanesifiso esikhulu sokwenza umsebenzi babenganciphi kangako. Lowo mphumela uphakamise amashiya athile. Uma ukuzithiba kunqunyelwe insiza ethile elukhuni, ukuthi ufuna ukukusebenzisa kangakanani akufanele kwenze mehluko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uRobert Kurzban washicilela ukuhlaziywa kwesimangalo sokuthi i-glucose yilowo "mthombo onzima," ephikisana nokucaca okulimazayo ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi ngisho nokuzilawula okukhulu ngokweqile kuqede isisetshenziswa somuthi.
Kodwa isibhamu esikhulu kunazo zonke kwakuyiphepha likaVeronika Job ngalowo nyaka, “Ukuphela kwe-Ego — Ingabe konke kusengqondweni yakho? ”Ngababhali abambisene nabo uCarol Dweck noGreg Walton, uJobe unikeze ubufakazi obuhle ezifundweni ezine zokuthi ukuncipha kwe-ego kwenzeka kuphela kubantu abakholelwa kukho. Cabanga amandla aphela ngokusetshenziswa? Ngemuva kwalokho nakanjani kuyenzeka. Cabanga ukubekezela kunika amandla? Ngemuva kwalokho akukho ukuncipha kwakho. Imininingwane kaJobe iveza umqondo wemikhawulo emandleni njengokuziphilisa okufeza okuthile, noma isiprofetho esizimele ngokwengeziwe kulabo abakholelwa ekuqothulweni. Amandla wokugcina ezinkolelo zomuntu ngaphezu kwamandla abo anciphisa ngokuphelele umbono wokuthi amandla adonsela phansi isisetshenziswa esilinganiselwe.
Ngasizathu simbe, ososayensi obekufanele noma okungenani bebengazi kangcono baqhubeke nokutadisha ukwehla kwe-ego iminyaka eyishumi elandela lowo nyaka wokuchithwa kwamanzi. Uma ukusetshenziswa okuvunyelwe kwemikhuba yocwaningo engabazekayo ezifundweni zokuqala kanye nokuxegisa kokutholakele ngokwabo bekunganele, ubufakazi bendima yezinkolelo, izikhuthazo, ukugqugquzela, nezinye izinto ezingokwengqondo bekufanele ziqinisekise abantu ukuthi isisekelo se insiza ekhawulelwe kufanele yenqatshwe.
Okubadumisa kakhulu ukuthi abanye babahlanganyeli bakaBaumeister, uKathleen Vohs noBrandon Schmeichel, nabanye kubonakala sengathi bagcine beyiqedile le mpikiswano. Bafeze lokhu ngokuqhuba esinye sezifundo ezicophelelayo nezikholisayo engake ngazibona. Lolu cwaningo, oluzoshicilelwa maduze ku- Isayensi Yezengqondo , kungaba uhlobo lwegama lokugcina ekuqedeni. Bakhulume nochwepheshe abahlukahlukene kulo mkhakha futhi bakhomba izinqubo ezimbili wonke umuntu acabanga ukuthi kufanele zenze ukuncipha kwe-ego. Babeka kusengaphambili ukuthi izinqubo zabo zizoba yini nokuthi bazohlaziya kanjani idatha yabo, futhi uhlelo lonke lwahlolwa ngongoti bangaphandle. Baqasha amalebhu angama-36 avela emhlabeni wonke futhi babaqeqesha ngokucophelela kuzinqubo. Bese kuthi-ke babe nososayensi ozimele ahlaziye imininingwane.
Futhi ngemuva kwakho konke lokho? Lutho. Ukwenza ukuzithiba akubanga nomthelela obonakalayo ekusebenzeni komsebenzi wesibili wokuzithiba. Manje ngisho nabantu abasize ukukhuthaza umbono ukuqala sebekulungele ukuwuyeka. Kodwa isikhala esashiywa ezincwadini lapho ukuqedwa kwe-ego kwakusishiya khona esimweni esinzima. Singayikala kanjani intuition ethintekayo ukuthi sikhathale ngemuva kokuzikhandla ngalokhu kwehluleka okukholisayo ekuthatheni lesi sipiliyoni kulebhu?
Ukukhathala kungokoqobo. Umzamo ukuzwa kwangempela, okungashukumisela abantu ukuthi bayeke (kwesinye isikhathi ngesizathu esihle!). Okungalungile umqondo wokuthi umsebenzi we-laboratory oyisicefe ungalimaza ikhono lomuntu lokuqhubeka nokuzikhandla kamuva. Ukugqugquzela akufani nophethiloli ethangini nhlobo. Kufana kakhulu nendaba esizitshela yona ukuthi kungani senza lokhu esikwenzayo. Shintsha indaba futhi ungashintsha ukuziphatha.
Ukuzithiba Kufundwa Okubalulekile
Ukuzilawula
Kwakho
Izinhlobo Zethu Zingakuphatha Kanjani Ukuhlasela Kwamanye Amazwe?
