Amasu aphezulu ayi-5 wokutakula ubuchopho ngemuva kokulimala

Lapho ubuchopho bulimele, njengasesimweni se-TBI, ukuxubana, ukushaywa unhlangothi, noma ezinye izimo zemizwa, kunezinyathelo ezibucayi ochwepheshe bezokwelapha okufanele bazithathe ukugcina nokubuyisela ukuhleleka nokusebenza kobuchopho. Ngokuya ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​kwemitholampilo nangemva kokucwaninga kahle ngemibhalo yezokwelapha yokulimala kobuchopho, ngithole amasu ayisihlanu we-key okufeza lokhu kulondolozwa nokubuyiselwa.

Isu 1: Ukuvikelwa kwe-Neuroprotocol ngokungenelela kokubuyisela esimweni

Nciphisa umthelela wokulimala esikhathini esiseduze ngemuva kokulimala kobuchopho ngokunikeza ukungenelela okunamandla okuzama ukubuyisela nokusimamisa ubuchopho.

Ukulondolozwa kwama-neurons umuntu azalwa nakho kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekululameni ngemuva kokulimala kobuchopho, okungafinyelelwa ngezinyathelo ezivimbela ukulimala kwasekuqaleni. Lapho kwenzeka ukulimala, ukuqaliswa kokungenelela okulondoloza amangqamuzana obuchopho kubalulekile. Izinyathelo ezithathiwe ukugcina ukunikezwa kwegazi, ukugcina i-oksijini kanye nokudla okunempilo ebuchosheni, nokuvimbela izinto ezibangela ukuwohloka lapho kulimala nangaphezulu okwenziwa ngabaphenduli bokuqala kanye neqembu le-neurotrauma kanye nelokunakekelwa okubalulekile kubalulekile kumphumela wesiguli ngemuva kokulimala.

Ukungenelela ezigabeni zokuqala kunikeza isethi elandelayo yezinyathelo ze-neuroprotective. Ezingeni lomzimba, ukugxila okuyinhloko kokwelashwa kulesi sigaba kuzofeza okulandelayo:

• Ukumisa ukuqhuma kwemicimbi ebhubhisayo eyenzeka ngemuva kokulimala, okubandakanya ukukhishwa okukhulu kwama-neurotransmitters afana ne-glutamate ne-acetylcholine ejabulisa kakhulu uhlelo lwezinzwa. Ukuyekisa le nqubo kugcina ikhono le-neuronal lokugcina uhlelo lokushintsha lokuvula nokucisha olukhiqiza imiyalezo elenza abantu basebenze.
• Ukuphatha ukuthathwa ngokweqile kwe-calcium esitokisini okubuyisa uhlelo lokukhiqiza amandla olufaka i-mitochondria yeseli, edingekayo ukugcina uhlelo lwezinzwa lusebenza.
• Ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kolwelwesi lweseli, lapho kwenzeka khona ukushintshana okujwayelekile kwama-ion. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo enobuthi eqongelela kusukela ekuwohlokeni kolwelwesi lweseli.
• Ukuvimba ukuvuvukala kobuchopho nokukhuphuka kwengcindezi yokungasebenzi ekubangeleni ukubhujiswa kwamaseli ebuchosheni.

Izinyathelo ezinomthelela kulokho kudaleka kokulimala ngemuva kokulimala zivame ukusetshenziswa esigabeni esibucayi futhi zingafaka ukuphumula kwengqondo kanye nokungenelela kokuhlinzwa nokunakekelwa okubucayi njengokulawula ukucindezelwa kwegazi, ukuthambisa, ukupholisa umoya kanye ne-edema yobuchopho.

Isu 2: Ukuqonda umlando wemvelo wenqubo yokutakula yomuntu ngamunye.

Inselelo odokotela ababhekana nayo ekuhloleni nasekwelapheni ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu (i-TBI) / concussion ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, asinakho ukuqonda okucacile ngomlando wemvelo (ukuthi isifo sikhula kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi) sobuchopho obululama, uma kubhekwa ubunzima besimo sobuchopho nezinto ezahlukahlukene ezinjengobukhali, uhlobo nobunjalo bokulimala, ukufinyelela ekwelashweni, nokwesekwa komndeni nomphakathi.

Ngenkathi siziqonda kangcono izinguquko zomzimba ubuchopho obudlula kuzo ngesikhathi senqubo yokutakula, kwesinye isikhathi asikwazi ukufanisa lezo zinguquko nezinye izinto ezinamacala amaningi njengokukhubazeka komzimba, ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

Ukulimala nokululama kusuka ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwamandla ezigabeni zokuqala kuze kube sezingeni lokutholakala kwamandla okulinganiselwe ngenxa yokonakala kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza amandla. Phakathi nalezi zinguquko, ukwenza ibalazwe lomlando wemvelo wentuthuko yesiguli ngenkathi ilulama kubalulekile. Ukwehluleka kwabodokotela ukukhomba isigaba ngasinye kungaholela ekutheni kudutshulwe futhi kutholakale nokwelashwa okungenzeka kungafanele.

Isu 3: Kusetshenziswa indlela efanele yokwelapha kuwo wonke umlando wemvelo wokulimala nokubuyiselwa.

Ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi ukuphi emlandweni wemvelo wokulimala nokubuyiselwa, indlela yokwelashwa yesiguli ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo.

Izindlela zokwelashwa kufanele zishintshe ngokufanele ngokususelwa ekuqondeni i-physiology kanye nokuvela kokusebenza okungashintshwa kukho konke ukululama. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezingase zisebenze esigabeni sokuqala kungenzeka zingasebenzi ngokuzayo ngenxa yokushintsha kobuchopho obululalayo njalo. Ukungenelela okufanelekile kusetshenziswa izizinda zesikhathi, isigaba, imingcele yokuxilonga kanye nezivivinyo, kanye nezimo ezisebenzayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekwethulweni okufanele kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelapha, kufaka phakathi kepha kungakhawulelwe kwi-neuropharmacology kanye nezindlela zokwelapha zokuvuselela.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukuthi amandla obuchopho okubekezelela isimo esithile ancike kakhulu ekhonweni lawo lokusingatha amazinga athile womsebenzi. Ukwazi ukuthi ubuchopho bukuphi lapho kuselashwa khona kungasiqondisa mayelana nezinkinga zokuthi umsubathi kufanele aqhubeke nini nokuphumula noma abuyele ukudlala, noma ukuthi umuthi othile ungasebenza yini.

Isu 4: Thola ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokunxephezela ezenziwa yisistimu yezinzwa ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa futhi unikeze ukungenelela okufanelekile ukukhuthaza imiphumela emihle.

Ingqondo inekhono, kuzo zonke izigaba zokululama, lokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokunxephezela. Lokhu kuvame ukubonakaliswa yimikhuba odokotela abahluleka ukuyithatha kwesinye isikhathi. Isibonelo salokhu esokuvuselelwa kokuziphatha kwe-neurobehaisheral kwemisebenzi ephezulu, kufaka phakathi ukuhlela, ukulawula ngokomzwelo kanye nomfutho, ukucabanga okuguquguqukayo, nokuningi, lapho kukhona ukulimala kwe-prefrontal cortex (ngaphambili kobuchopho). Njengoba i-prefrontal cortex ilulama, iziguli ziba nokuqonda okungcono ngokulinganiselwa kwazo, okuvame ukuba imbangela yokudangala. Ngokombono wokwelashwa, odokotela kufanele bakubone lokhu njengokuqhubeka, kungabi kubi. Ngokuqonda izindlela zokubuyisela ngesikhathi sokululama, isb. ukwenza umqondo wokudangala kwesiguli, udokotela angakwazi ukuphatha ngempumelelo isiguli enqubweni yokutakula. Endabeni ye-TBI, izingqinamba ezifana ne-vertigo, isiyezi, nekhanda lapho kuvezwa ukunyakaza endaweni ezungezile, kungumphumela wobuchopho obuvikelayo nobuyisibopho "obutshela" umzimba ukuthi abakulungele ukuphatha lezo zinto. Indlela yokukhokha ingasiza futhi ilimaze umzimba; Umsebenzi wethu njengabahlengikazi ukusiza labo abasizayo futhi badikibalise labo abangasizi.

Isu 5: Sebenzisa inqubo efanele yokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo.

Odokotela kanye neziguli kufanele bacacise ngenhloso yokungenelela kwabo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ngemuva kokufinyelela ezingeni lenhlangano ebuchosheni obugulayo nobulamayo, izinyathelo zokuvuselela isiguli zingathatha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zinkomba ezintathu ezigxile:

• Ukubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi esungulwe ngaphambilini lapho kungenzeka
  • Isb. Uma isiguli sishaywa unhlangothi ngobuthakathaka obusemaceleni, futhi ubuchopho bubuyisela ezingeni lapho isiguli silulama sibuyele kokujwayelekile kubhekwa njengokubuyiselwa.
• Ukuguqulwa komsebenzi wesiguli ukunxephezela lapho bengakwazi ukubuyisa imisebenzi yabo yangaphambilini
  • Isb. Uma isiguli sishaywa unhlangothi ngobuthakathaka obusemaceleni futhi ubuchopho busimama buze busebenze, noma kunjalo ukuhamba kwabo akukabuyeli kokujwayelekile ngenxa yokushaywa unhlangothi (umphumela ovamile ubuthakathaka emlenzeni owodwa), kuzofanela bakushintshe indlela yabo. Njengoba bengabuyelanga ngokuphelele kokujwayelekile, kufanele bamukele ukukhubazeka ngokushintsha indlela abebezohamba ngayo.
• Ukujwayela indawo yesiguli, lapho imisebenzi yesiguli ingakwazi ukubuyiselwa ngamandla amancane noma ukungakwazi nhlobo ukunxephezela.
  • Isb. Uma isiguli sishaywa unhlangothi esinobuthakathaka obusemaceleni angakwesokudla futhi singakwazi ukuzihlanganisa futhi sesifinyelele ekuthuthukisweni okuphezulu kwezokwelapha, odokotela banganikela ngedivayisi yokusiza, efana nesihlalo esinamasondo.

• Isb. Uma isiguli sishaywa unhlangothi ngobuthakathaka obusemaceleni, nobuchopho bubuyisela ezingeni lapho isiguli silulama sibuyele kokujwayelekile kubhekwa njengokubuyiselwa.

• Isb. Uma isiguli sishaywa unhlangothi esinobuthakathaka obusemaceleni futhi ubuchopho busimama buze busebenze, noma kunjalo ukuhamba kwabo akukabuyeli kokujwayelekile ngenxa yokushaywa unhlangothi (umphumela ovamile ubuthakathaka emlenzeni owodwa), kuzofanela bakushintshe indlela yabo. Njengoba bengabuyelanga ngokuphelele kokujwayelekile, kufanele bamukele ukukhubazeka ngokushintsha indlela abebezohamba ngayo.

• Isb. Uma isiguli sishaywa unhlangothi esinobuthakathaka obusemaceleni angakwesokudla futhi singakwazi ukuzihlanganisa futhi sesifinyelele ekuthuthukisweni okuphezulu kwezokwelapha, odokotela banganikela ngedivayisi yokusiza, efana nesihlalo esinamasondo.

Ukusebenzisa le migomo emi-5 kunikeza indlela ebambekayo nesebenzayo yokululama kulandela ukuhlukumezeka kobuchopho.