Kuyini i-Anorexia Nervosa?

Njengoba sibona iviki likaZwelonke Lokuqwashisa Ngokuphazamiseka Kwemikhuba Yokudla lapha e-Clay Centre, sinethemba lokuthi ulwazi esabelana ngalo luzosiza futhi lusize. Ukuthola imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nokuphazamiseka kokudla, nezindlela ongasiza ngazo ukwenza umehluko empilweni yomuntu omthandayo noma kuwena, sicela uvakashele iwebhusayithi yeNational Eating Disorder Association. Khumbula, “Isikhathi sokukhuluma ngakho.” #Ukuqwashisa

Ngibhale le bhulogi ngoba kube yindaba yempumelelo kwesinye seziguli zami (inhlanganisela yeziguli eziningi) ebhekene nezinkinga ezinzima kakhulu, ezinzima nezinesabekayo umuntu angazibekezelela.

I-Anorexia Nervosa ithinta kakhulu wonke umuntu. Kukuhlukumeza umuntu ohluphekile, kuyethusa kubazali futhi kuyabakhathaza kakhulu abelaphi.

Inezinga lokufa eliphakeme kunanoma yisiphi isifo sengqondo. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu iba ngcono, futhi cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu uyafa eminyakeni engu-20-30.

Futhi ngokudabukisayo sijwayele ukuzwa kakhulu ngabantu abadumile ababulawe noma abahlushwa i-anorexia, njengoKaren Carpenter, uPortia de Rossi, noMary-Kate Olsen, hhayi isibalo esikhulu samantombazane nabesifazane abazwelayo abahlupheka nsuku zonke. it.

Ngabelana ngale bhulogi ukuze wonke umuntu aqonde izici ze-anorexia, ayikhombe kusenesikhathi, futhi azame ukusiza nokusekela labo abadonsa kanzima.

Kuyini i-Anorexia Nervosa?

Angizange ngiye esikoleni sobudokotela ukuze ngibe yisitha.

Ngafundiswa — futhi ngakholelwa — ukuthi ukunikeza usizo nozwela kwakuzovuzwa, ngobudlelwano bokuthembana. Kufanele kube umphumela wemvelo ngokwenza nje into efanele.

Kwakungaphezu kokukhala lapho ngiqala ukusebenza nezingane ezazine-anorexia nervosa. Yize bacishe babulawa yindlala emzimbeni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, ukuwa kwezokwelapha, bebefuna nje ukusala bodwa phakathi kokunxenxwa kwabazali babo nethimba lezokwelapha ukuthi badle nje.

Hheyi, sonke siyalamba, angithi?

Futhi ezinganeni, ukudla kumayelana nokuthola kwakho. Kepha njengodokotela ophethe ukunakekelwa kwabo, bavele bangibone ngiyisikhohlakali esifuna ukubakhuluphalisa.

Masithathe uSarah (hhayi isiguli sangempela, kepha inhlanganisela yabaningi engibabonile). Uneminyaka engu-14 omuhle futhi onethalente, ukuziqhenya komndeni wakhe — umfundi oqondile, umdansi okhaliphile, inkanyezi phambili eqenjini le-hockey yasensimini, ozwelayo futhi onika indodakazi nomngani — ngokusobala umuntu omiselwe ukwenza izinto ezinkulu. Kubonakala sengathi wayenakho konke: ithalente, ubuhlakani, nabazali abaphumelelayo nabanothando.

Kepha, ngemuva kwehlobo ekamu ledrama, uSarah wehla cishe ngo-15 wamakhilogremu; Wabuye waba ne-vegan, wagijima amamayela amahlanu nsuku zonke ngaphambi kokuya esikoleni, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangaphambi kokuntwela kokusa. Nokho ngo-5'7 ”futhi esesemncane impela futhi elungile, abazali bakhe nabangane bacabanga ukuthi ubukeka emuhle. Impilo, kwakubonakala ukuthi yayimnandi — waze wehla wafinyelela kumakhilogremu ayikhulu futhi wancipha izikhathi zakhe. Udokotela wakhe wezingane wamnxusa ukuthi afune usizo esibhedlela, kanti abazali bakhe babenethemba lokuthi konke akudingayo ukubona isazi sokudla okunempilo bese eqala ukudla futhi. Lokhu ekugcineni akwenzi mehluko, yingakho beze kimi.

Lapho uSarah ehlangana nami okokuqala, wayengenalutho, uma kukhona, ayengakusho — wayengazizwa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Kepha lapho wehla ngamakhilogremu amahlanu futhi udokotela wezingane wayedinga ukungeniswa esibhedlela ukuze kube nozinzo lwezempilo kanye "nokuvuselelwa kokudla okunempilo," waqala ukukhuluma-cha, encenga-nami ukuba ngimshiye yedwa ngimyeke ahlale ekhaya, ebonisana ngenhloso yakhe yesisindo gwema ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Lapho ngingathobeli, ngabukelwa phansi; akunandaba ukuthi ngathini ngobungozi bezokwelapha, ubungozi obungaba khona emzimbeni wakhe (kufaka phakathi ukuphuka kwamathambo nokungabi nenzalo), akukho okusebenzayo.

Ngaba yisitha.

Izingane ezine-anorexia nervosa zinesibindi esingapheli sokufuna ukuba mncane, nokwesaba okukhulu nokungazanyazami kokukhuluphala. Naphezu kwesisindo esiphansi esiyingozi, abaziboni bezacile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, empeleni: noma ngabe isisindo sabo asiphansi kangakanani, kuhlale kunokuningi okufanele kwehliswe.

Lawa mantombazane azalwa efuna ukuphelela, ahambisana nezidingo zangaphandle, ayaphoqelela, aqhutshwa — futhi mhlawumbe isithende sabo i-Achilles — azwela kakhulu ebudlelwaneni, esaba ukwaliwa noma ukulimaza abanye. Ngokudidayo, bavame ukuphika noma bangakunaki ukuhlupheka kwalabo abababukayo belamba kancane kancane — okungenani ekuqaleni. Kamuva ekuguleni, bavame ukuzizwa benecala elikhulu, kulokhu, nangakho konke okunye.

Kwenzekani kula mantombazane? Yiziphi izimbangela eziyisisekelo zesifo esiphikisana nokwelashwa, futhi ngokudabukisayo, sinesinye sezibikezelo ezimbi kakhulu (namazinga aphezulu okufa kwabantu) kuzo zonke izifo zengqondo?

I-Anorexia "isiphepho esiphelele" esidinga inhlanganisela elungile nje yezakhi ezivela ku-biology ngayinye, ubudlelwano bomndeni, imikhuba yengqondo nokuziphatha, kanye namandla ezenhlalo. Yize “iresiphi” ingahluka kuye ngomuntu ngamunye, kubonakala sengathi ukuba nengxenye ebucayi evela kuleyo naleyo mikhakha kuyadingeka ukuze kuvele ukugula.

Ngokwezinto eziphilayo, ucwaningo lwamawele nomlando womndeni lwembula ukuthi kukhona ukuthambekela kofuzo ku-anorexia nervosa. Kubukeka kunobudlelwano phakathi kwe-anorexia nervosa, i-bulimia nervosa nokukhuluphala, okuholela ekutheni abanye abacwaningi bazibuze ngokulawulwa kwendlala nokusutha kohlelo oluphakathi nendawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amantombazane ane-anorexia ajwayele ukuba nezici zomthethosisekelo kusukela ekuzalweni, njengokufuna ukuphelela, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile, ukuncintisana kanye nokuzwela okuhle ebudlelwaneni, ikakhulukazi ukwesaba ukwaliwa. Futhi bathambekele ebunzimeni bokulawulwa kwemizwelo, futhi banengozi enkulu yokudangala nokukhathazeka.

Ngaphandle kwe-biology, izinto zenhlalo, ezengqondo nezomndeni zidlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Lezi zinto zivame ukuba nzima ukuhlukanisa ngoba zihlangene nesiko laseNtshonalanga.

Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zivame ukuba izingcindezi zenhlalo ezungeze "isithombe" somzimba, futhi, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane, ukuba mncane. Asinakulibukela phansi izinga lokuthi umzimba uqiniswa kangakanani, hhayi ngethelevishini namabhayisikobho kuphela, kepha nakumamagazini, ngisho namathoyizi. Kakade, ithoyizi elidume kakhulu emlandweni wanamuhla uBarbie — into engenakwenzeka ngokomzimba nezindinganiso, cishe engenakufinyelelwa yinoma yimuphi umuntu wesifazane!

Kodwa-ke, izici zomndeni nezengqondo nazo ziyathinteka ekukhuleni kwe-anorexia nervosa.

Ngenkathi imindeni yamantombazane ane-anorexic ijwayele ukuba phakathi kwabanothando kakhulu, abathembekile futhi abanakekelayo, futhi banokubheka okusobala esithombeni, ekusebenzeni nasekuzuzeni.

Manje yini engalungile ngalokhu?

Ngokwesimo sengcindezi yezenhlalo emfanekisweni womzimba, ukulawulwa kwemizwelo emibi, kanye nemizwelo esizalwa nayo yokuphelelisa, ukuthobela nokuzwela ukwenqatshwa konke kubeka ingcindezi yangaphakathi entombazaneni ekhulayo.

Umphumela uba ukuthi la mantombazane ajwayele ukuba nobunzima obukhulu ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Ubunikazi: abazi ukuthi bangobani, kuphela ukuthi kufanele babe yini.
2. Ubudlelwano: bafuna ukujabulisa abanye, nezimfuno ezibonakalayo zalabo ababazungezile (njengokubaluleka kokuzaca).
3. Ugqhozu lwakho: bavame ukungazethembi futhi bahlale benecala, ikakhulu ngoba abanayo indlela yokuxazulula izingxabano. Yize ukuntuleka kwengxabano kungabonakala njengokuhle, kwesinye isikhathi kubuyela emuva ngoba ayikho indlela yokuthi umuntu axazulule intukuthelo yakhe ejwayelekile nokukhungatheka ngalabo abathandayo. Sonke kufanele sithande, silimaze labo esibathandayo, bese silungisa izinto ukwehlisa icala futhi sikhulise ukuzethemba. Amantombazane amaningi anorexic analo nje leli thuba.

Ngakho-ke, okubonakala kuyisimo esikahle — umndeni onothando, ukungabikho kwengxabano, nezimfanelo ezincomekayo esizalwa nazo emphakathini ogcizelela ukubukeka okuhle nokuqina komzimba — kungagcina sekulahla izinto ngendlela engahlelekile.

Abanye bayazibuza ukuthi kungani lokhu kubonakala kuyisifo se- "culture bound", isici somphakathi waseNtshonalanga (U.S.).

Ngabe kugcizelelwa kwethu ukuba mncane?

Ngabe ukuthembela kwethu nokuhlonza kwethu ngabantu abayizibonelo esizibona kwabezindaba?

Ngabe kuncike ezinhlakeni ezithile zomndeni emphakathini wethu — lezo ezigcizelela isithombe, impumelelo nokuvumelana?

Ingabe isici sabesifazane ikakhulukazi (cishe amaphesenti angama-96 alabo abane-anorexia nervosa ngabesifazane)? Ngabe yindlela esizijabulisa ngayo namantombazane nabafana esikweni lethu?

Ingabe kungumphumela omubi wentombazane enokukhubazeka okuthile kofuzo nezici zangaphakathi ezalwa kwiwebhu eyinkimbinkimbi engakwazi ukuzikhulula kuyo?

Impendulo kungenzeka ukuthi "yebo" kuyo yonke le mibuzo eyinkimbinkimbi!

USarah walaliswa kaningi kwezokwelapha nangokwengqondo, imvamisa ezindaweni zokuhlala nezibhedlela ezingalaliswayo. Uqhubeke nokusebenza nami iminyaka eminingi ekwelashweni komuntu ngamunye nasemndenini, nangokuphathwa kwami ​​kwemithi (hhayi ukumelapha i-anorexia nervosa, kepha ukumsiza ukuba ajabule futhi akhathazeke).

Ngemuva kweminyaka engaba mibili yomzabalazo nokungathembi, uSarah wangithanda. Kancane kancane wakhuluphala, waqala kabusha ama-mens, futhi ekugcineni waya ekolishi. Empeleni ngisambona, futhi sesiyazana, sazisana futhi siyaqondana — ikakhulukazi izinhloso zethu, nokubaluleka kobudlelwano bethu.

Yini esebenzayo? Kubhulogi ehlukile sibheka ukwelashwa kwe-anorexia nervosa, nokuthi ungaba yini umphumela wayo. Akukuhle, kepha kwabanye abanjengoSarah, likhona ithemba.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, imarathon, hhayi i-sprint.

Ngifunde ukuthi ngisinda kanjani njengesitha. Ngikholwe, kuthatha inani.

Odokotela abaningi, nami uqobo, bafuna ukuthandwa; sizama kanzima ukunakekela nokuphilisa abanye.

Kodwa-ke, futhi kudingeka sazi ukuthi ezikhathini eziningi iziguli zethu azisiboni ngaleyondlela, futhi okungcono kakhulu esingakwenza ukubambelela empilweni ethandekayo — ezimpilweni zeziguli zethu, kanye nasekuqiniseni imizwelo yethu uqobo.

Uhlobo lwale bhulogi ekuqaleni lwaluthunyelwe ku-The Clay Center for Young Healthy MindseMassachusetts General Hospital.