Ukuba Nenjongo Ekuphileni Kukhulisa Induduzo Ngokuhlukahluka

Isizukulwane esisodwa kusukela manje, abantu abamhlophe abangewona amaSpanishi ngeke besaba yiningi labantu base-U.S. Yize abamhlophe bezoqhubeka nokwakha isizwe esisodwa esikhulu kunazo zonke, izinhlanga ezincane (njengeqoqo) zibekelwe ukufeza isimo sobuningi ngonyaka ka-2042. yokunethezeka okwandayo ngokuhlukahluka kungenzeka kubonakale kubalulekile ekusizeni abaMhlophe ukuba bajwayele umphakathi onobuzwe obuningi.

Umuzwa wenjongo empilweni ubulokhu uhlotshaniswa nezinzuzo eziningi. Abantu abanomuzwa wenjongo bajabula kakhudlwana ¹ , amasosha abo omzimba aqinile ² , zilulama ngokushesha okukhulu lapho zihlinzwa ³ , futhi baphila isikhathi eside ⁴ . Manje, isifundo esisha ⁵ equkethe izivivinyo ezintathu ezihlukene, ezenziwa ngu-Anthony Burrow noRachel Sumner waseCornell University, uPatrick Hill waseCarleton University, futhi nami ngikhombisile ukuthi abantu abanenhloso nabo banethezekile ngokuhlukahlukana kwezinhlanga.

Esivivinyweni sokuqala, ababambiqhaza abangama-205 abaMhlophe babuzwa ukuthi baphendule imibuzo mayelana nenani labantu, ubuntu, imizwa yabo yamanje, kanye nochungechunge lwezikali ezisungulwe ezenzelwe ukukala umqondo wazo wenhloso kanye nokunethezeka kwabo ngokuhlukahluka kobuhlanga. Imiphumela ikhombise ukuthi ukuba namazinga amakhulu enhloso empilweni kuhlotshaniswa nokuzizwa unethezekile ngokuhlukahluka kobuhlanga, ngaphezulu nangaphezulu komphumela wanoma yikuphi okunye ukuguquguquka.

Ekuhlolweni kwesibili, abahlanganyeli abangu-184 abaMhlophe bonke bakhonjiswa ishadi likaphayi elibhalwe ukuthi “2015,” elikhombisa ngokunembile inani labantu base-United States njengamanje abangama-62% abaMhlophe nabangu-38% abayingcosana. Ngokulandelayo, isigamu sababambiqhaza sakhonjiswa ishadi elengeziwe elibhalwe ukuthi “2050,” eliveza abantu njengabamhlophe abangama-57% kanye no-43% wobuzwe obuncane (ngakho-ke, kukhombisa iningi eliMhlophe eliqhubekayo). Enye ingxenye yabahlanganyeli ibuke ishadi likaphayi elihlukile "lama-2050" eliveze inani labantu njengabantu abancane abangama-53% kanye no-47% abaMhlophe (ngakho-ke, kukhombisa ushintsho kubantu abaningi bohlanga). Njengoba bekulindelekile, labo ababheka amaphesenti wabantu abaningi besizwe babika imizwa enkulu yosongo kunalabo ababheka amashadi akhombisa iningi eliMhlophe eliqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwabantu ababuke amashadi ophaya abonisa inani labantu abaningi, umqondo wenhloso wawuhlotshaniswa nemibono enciphile kakhulu yosongo.

Ekuvivinyweni kokugcina, ababambiqhaza abaMhlophe abangama-130 bacelwa ukuba bagcwalise isabelo sokubhala esifushane ngomqondo wabo wenjongo noma ukubhala "ngosuku olujwayelekile." Ababambiqhaza babe sebekhonjiswa amamephu anemibala equkethe imibala yamadolobha anamazinga amabili ahlukene okwakheka kobuhlanga (bheka ngezansi).

Labo ababhala ngomqondo wabo wenhloso babenamathuba amaningi okuvulelwa ukucabanga ngokuhlala edolobheni elinezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo ababebhale ngosuku lwabo olujwayelekile.

Sekukonke, imiphumela yezivivinyo zethu ezintathu iqinisekisa ucwaningo lwangaphambilini emiphumeleni yenhloso ezimweni ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-2013 ⁶ ababambiqhaza bagibela isitimela endaweni ehlukahlukene eChicago. Abantu abagibela izitimela ezihambisana nezilinganiso eziphakeme zabantu bezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene babike amazinga aphezulu okuxineka ⁷ . Kodwa-ke, abantu abayalelwe ukuthi babhale ngomqondo wabo wokuphila ngemizuzu eyi-10 nje ngaphambi kokugibela isitimela abathinteki kakhulu ngenxa yezinkinga zobuzwe ezazisesitimeleni.

Kuyavunywa, abacwaningi abaqiniseki ngezinqubo eziqondile ezisekela indima ezuzisayo yenhloso kumongo wokwehlukahlukana kwezinhlanga. I-hypothesis eyodwa ikhomba emcabangweni wokuthi abantu abanenhloso bathambekele ekuxhumaneni nezwe elibanzi elibazungezile. Ukuqondiswa okunjalo komhlaba wonke kungenza abantu bakwazi ukucabanga ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuze bachume kumongo wekusasa elihlanganisayo futhi elihlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, olunye ucwaningo luyadingeka ngokufanele ukuze kukhanyiswe ngokugcwele indima ezuzisayo yenjongo ebangeni lokwehlukahlukana kwezinhlanga.

Izinkomba:

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3. UKim, E. S., iLanga, uJ. K., iPaki, uN., Kubzansky, L. D., & Peterson, C. (2013). Inhloso empilweni kanye nokwehla kwengozi ye-myocardial infarction phakathi kwabantu abadala base-US abanesifo senhliziyo: ukulandelwa kweminyaka emibili. Ijenali yemithi yokuziphatha , 36 (2), 124-133.

4. IHill, P. L., Turiano, NA (2014). Injongo empilweni njengesibikezelo sokubulawa kwabantu ebudaleni. Isayensi Yezengqondo , 25.

5. IBurrow, A. L., Stanley, M., Sumner, R., & Hill, P. L. (2014). Injongo empilweni njengesixhobo sokukhulisa induduzo ngokuhlukahluka kobuhlanga. Bulletin yobuntu ne-Social Psychology , 40 (11), 1507-1516.

6. IBurrow, A. L., & Hill, P. L. (2013). Ngabe kwehliswe ukwehlukahlukana? Injongo ihlukumeza ubudlelwano phakathi kokwakheka kwezitimela nezitimela ezingezinhle. Bulletin yobuntu ne-Social Psychology , 39 (12), 1610-1619.

7. Ukubukeza izingcindezi zokwehlukahlukana, bheka i-athikili kaRobert Putnam enesihloko esithi "E Pluribus Unum: Ukwehluka kanye nomphakathi ngekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye Isifundo somklomelo kaJohan Skytte sango-2006."