I-American College of Pediatricians Iqembu Elimelene ne-LGBT

Usifundile lesi sihloko futhi wacabanga ukuthi ngangisola i-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ngokuphikisa umphakathi we-LGBT? Leyo inkinga. Iqembu elincane elilwa ne-LGBT elibizwa nge- "American College of Pediatricians (ACP)" lazakhela igama elidideka kalula ne-AAP, okuyinhlangano enkulu kunazo zonke yezingane ezweni.

Kuyaphazamisa ukuthi izinhlangano zezindaba nodokotela babalula i- "ACP" njengomthombo ohloniphekile. I-ACP yiqembu elincane lodokotela elashiya i-AAP ngemuva kokuthi i-AAP ikhiphe isitatimende senqubomgomo sango-2002 esichaza ukuthi abazali abayizitabane ababeki bungozi ekutholeni izingane. ISouthern Poverty Law Centre isibize kaningi i-ACP njengeqembu elilwa ne-LGBT elikhuthaza izimangalo ezingamanga nemibiko yesayensi edukisayo.

Ngokuphola, leli qembu selidlulele ngale kwemibiko yalo eku-inthanethi, langena langena kwezombusazwe. Sebeze bafika ekufakeni amafayili ama-amicus ezinkantolo zase-U.S. Ngamacala amakhulu aphathelene namalungelo e-LGBT. Imibiko yabo ithole ukudonswa, yize bekugxekwa ngokusobala odokotela abangochwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Ngesikhathi ebuzwa nge-ACP, uDkt. Scott Leibowitz, umqondisi wezokwelapha wohlelo lwe-THRIVE eNationalwide Children's Hospital nosihlalo wekomidi eliqondene nezocansi kanye nekomidi lezindaba zobulili ze-American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, akazange awachaze amazwi akhe athi, "It ayinakuba yinhlangano yezokwelapha ethembekile uma ihlala ikhetha ukungayinaki isayensi kanye nobufakazi obukhulayo obukhombisa ngokusobala izinzuzo zokunakekelwa kwentsha ne-LGBT kuyo yonke iminyaka. "

Ngezansi kunezitatimende ezingamanga ezimbalwa ezisatshalaliswa yi-ACP ezinamandla okulimaza intsha ye-LGBT:

1. Ukwelashwa Okuphindayo Kwentsha Yongqingili Kuwumqondo Omuhle

Ukwelashwa okuphindayo kubhekisa emzamweni wokushintsha indlela umuntu aziphatha ngayo kwezocansi (imvamisa kusuka kobungqingili kuya kobungqingili). Ngo-2010, i-ACP yathumela incwadi ko-superintendents besifunda abangama-14 000 bekhuthaza ukwelashwa okuphindiselayo kwabafundi abathandana nabobulili obufanayo. Encwadini, basho ngokungeyikho umqondisi we-NIH uFrancis Collins, MD, Ph.D., owashesha wasola incwadi yabo ngokuthi iyadukisa futhi iyingozi.

I-American Academy of Pediatrics, I-American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, kanye neAmerican Psychiatric Association, phakathi kwabanye, babalule ukwelashwa kokuphindisela okuyingozi nokungekho emthethweni. Ukwelashwa okuphindayo kukhonjiswe kaningi njengokungaphumeleli ekushintsheni inkanuko yezocansi, futhi ukungamukeleki kokuthambekela kocansi kwentsha kukhulisa kakhulu amathuba okuzibulala, ukudana, nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa.

2. Izitabane Abazali Ababi

Lesi bekuyisizathu sokwakhiwa kwasekuqaleni kwe-ACP. I-American Academy of Pediatrics yachaza ngo-2002, icaphuna uhla lwezincwadi, ukuthi izingane zabazali abayizitabane nabangqingili zinamandla afanayo ezempilo, ukulungiswa, kanye nentuthuko njengezingane ezinabazali abangabobulili obuhlukile. Iphendula, i-ACP yazishaya indiva izincwadi ezibalulekile futhi yakhipha umbiko ongabukezelwa ontanga ngaphansi kwegama layo elisha elizwakala lisemthethweni: “I-American College of Pediatricians.”

I-ACP ibukeka njengeqembu kuphela lodokotela abamele lesi simo, ne-American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, I-American Academy of Pediatrics, ne-The American Medical Association, phakathi kwabanye, abavumelani ngokuqinile. I-American Psychological Association ichitha izimangalo ezingamanga ngesihloko yi-ACP lapha kulabo abanesifiso sokufunda kabanzi.

3. Ukuqinisekisa Intsha yeTransgender Umqondo Ombi

Mhlawumbe amanga athandwa kakhulu ^1,2 okusanda kwaziswa yi-ACP muva nje ukuthi intsha yama-transgender esekelwa kumazisi wayo we-transgender idale umonakalo kulesi siqinisekiso. Futhi, abazinaki izifundo ezinkulu. Kumagazini Izifo zezingane ngo-2014, abacwaningi bakhombisa ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kwama-pubertal kanye nama-hormone wobulili obuhlukile kubangele impilo engcono yengqondo yentsha ye-transgender.

Ngo-2016 nango-2017, amaphepha amabili akhombisa ukuthi izingane ezingama-transgender ezisekelwa kumazisi wazo futhi ezivunyelwe ukuguquka emphakathini zinamazinga ajwayelekile athuthukayo okukhathazeka, ukudangala, nokuzethemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu be-transgender imindeni yabo engazisekeli ubunikazi babo be-transgender banamathuba angamaphesenti angama-20 okuzama ukuzibulala.

Nginxusa izinhlangano zezindaba nabantu ngabanye ukuthi bayeke ukusabalalisa lezi zimangalo zamanga ezivela ku-ACP. Impilo yentsha ye-LGBT incike kuyo.

Imibhalo yaphansi (nezibonelo zokuthi i-ACP idukisa kanjani abafundi nabenzi bomgomo):

¹ I-ACP, kulo mbiko, ithi amaphesenti angama-97.8 wezingane ezi-transgender ezingaphambi kokuba zishintshe izingqondo zazo ngokuba ngabesilisa nabesifazane ngemuva kokuthomba. Lokhu kususelwa ocwaningweni lwango-1987, futhi abacwaningi bachaza lapha ukuthi kungani lezo zifundo zinamaphutha (ingqikithi ukuthi izingane ezikuleso sifundo nezinye zazingakaze zidlulise ama-transgender ekuqaleni). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane zangaphambi kokubeletha azikutholi ukungenelela kwama-hormonal ngaphansi kwe-Endocrine Society Guidelines. Intsha kuphela efinyelele ebusheni iyenza, futhi yonke imibhalo ekhona ikhombisa ukuthi ubunikazi be-transgender buzinzile ngemuva kokuthomba kweningi lentsha (Cohen-Kettenis 2003, deVries 2014).

² I-ACP ithi ukungenelela kwama-hormonal kwenza kube nzima ngabantu abangena kuma-transgender ukuba babe nezingane ezizalayo. Lokhu kungamanga. Intsha yeTransgender ethola ukungenelela kwamahomoni inikezwa izinyathelo zokulondolozwa kokuzala njengoba kuchaziwe ku-Endocrine Society Guidelines futhi kuchazwe lapha.

Ukubhalwa kukaJack Turban nge-neuroscience kanye nempilo yengqondo yezingane kuvele I-New York Times , Ijenali yeAmerican Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , futhi UKevin MD phakathi kwabanye. Mlandele ku-Twitter noma ku-intanethi.

UCohen-Kettenis, P.T, noPfäfflin, F. (2003). I-Transgenderism kanye nocansi phakathi kobuntwana nasebusheni: Ukwenza izinqumo (Umq. 46). Sage.

UDe Vries, A. L., McGuire, J. K., Steensma, T. D., Wagenaar, E. C., Doreleijers, T. A., & Cohen-Kettenis, P.T (2014). Imiphumela yengqondo yabantu abadala abasha ngemuva kokucindezelwa ukuthomba kanye nokunikezwa kabusha kobulili. Izifo zezingane, 134 (4), 696-704.

UDurwood, L., McLaughlin, K. A., no-Olson, K. R. (2017). Impilo yengqondo nokuzethemba ebusheni obuguqulwe ngumphakathi bentsha yama-transgender. Ijenali yeAmerican Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56 (2), 116-123.

U-Olson, K. R. (2016). Izingane ezi-prepubescent transgender: esikwenzayo nesingakwaziyo. Ijenali yeAmerican Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55 (3), 155-156.

U-Olson, K. R., Durwood, L., DeMeules, M., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2016). Impilo yengqondo yezingane ezingama-transgender ezisekelwa kumazisi wazo, iPediatrics, 137, 1-8.

UHembree, W. C., Cohen-Kettenis, P., Delemarre-van de Waal, H. A., Gooren, L. J., Meyer III, W. J., Spack, N. P., ... & Montori, V. M. (2009). Ukwelashwa kwe-Endocrine kwabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo: umhlahlandlela wokuziphatha we-Endocrine Society. Ijenali ye-Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 94 (9), 3132-3154.