Yini eholela umuntu phansi kweNarcissism Pathway?

-Delile

• Ukufundwa Okubalulekile Kwe-Narcissism
• Ukulinganisa ukulawulwa ngokungekho emthethweni: Izinto Esizenzela Umuntu WamaNarcissist

Lapho ucabanga ukuthi abantu baba kanjani ama-narcissist, ucabanga ukuthi kukhona okungahambanga kahle ekukhuleni kwabo kwasekuqaleni? Ingabe usola abazali ngokubandakanyeka ngokweqile ezinganeni zabo, noma ngabe ubheka i-narcissism njengokuvela kokunganakwa kwasebusheni? Mhlawumbe ubheka i-narcissism njengomphumela wesiko elizala isizukulwane seminyaka eyinkulungwane sibe ngabantu abadala abazicabangela futhi abanelungelo. Yize i-narcissism kungeyona into entsha, ungakholelwa ukuthi iya ngokuya ilawula ngokusebenzisa ama-selfies nemithombo yezokuxhumana.

Abaphenyi bayikhiphile inganekwane yokuthi izinkulungwane zeminyaka ziyi-narcissistic kakhulu kunanoma isiphi isizukulwane esandulele (isb.Wetzel et al., 2017), kepha inganekwane ihlala isebenza ekwazisweni komphakathi. Ucwaningo olusha lusekela lokhu kuhlaziywa kwenganekwane ye-narcissism futhi lungeza ekuqondeni okuqhubekayo ngezinqubo ezingaholela umuntu omdala osemusha ukuba anyathele indlela ye-narcissism. ENetherlands, uMichael Grosz waseYunivesithi yaseTübingen nozakwabo (2019) bahole iqembu labacwaningi lobuntu bamazwe omhlaba ocwaningweni olude lokuvela kokuvela kwe-narcissism eminyakeni yenguquko phakathi kokuphela kwesikole esiphakeme kanye neminyaka emibili ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu ekolishi. Ukutadisha kwabo kwaqala njengesivivinyo "somgomo wokuvuthwa," umqondo wokuthi njengoba abantu abadala bebhekana nezinselelo zokuguquka kusukela eminyakeni yabo yobudala yobudala (ama-20s) baye ebudaleni, baba nokuzinza ngokwengeziwe ngokomzwelo, ukuvumelana, unembeza, nokubusa emphakathini. (ukuzimela nokuzethemba komphakathi). Ukukubeka nje, njengoba abantu bekhula "bayazinza" futhi bazinze kakhudlwana, uma mhlawumbe bengazami kangako. Ngoba umgomo wokuvuthwa ubikezela ukuthi abantu bagcina ukuzinza kwabo okulinganiselwe, kunombono wokuthi wonke umuntu ushintsha kancane noma kancane ebangeni elifanayo.

Lokho kusho ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu oguqukayo ngemfashini efanayo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi amava abantu empilweni ahluka kakhulu njengoba bekhula, kunamathuba amaningi okuthi abantu baqale ukuphuma komunye nomunye futhi behluke kakhulu kontanga yabo yobudala. Cabanga ngempilo yakho nomngani wakho omkhulu kusuka esikoleni sabaqalayo. Mhlawumbe benifana kakhulu ngesikhathi nisemncane, futhi yilokho okwaholela ekutheni nithandane. Kodwa-ke, wenze iqoqo elilodwa lokukhetha impilo, njengokufudukela kwelinye idolobha noma mhlawumbe kwelinye izwe, futhi umngani wakho wasala ehleli. Manje nina nobabili nizothonywa yizici ezithile eziya ezindaweni zenu ezintsha, kusuka kwezepolitiki kuya kokunikezwayo ezimakethe zangakini zokuthenga.

Izifundo zesikhathi eside kuphela ezingafika ohlotsheni loshintsho olwenzeka ngaphakathi kwabantu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma lezo zifundo zifaka imininingwane eyengeziwe efanelekile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwempilo. Izifundo ezihamba phambili, futhi, zibheka ngaphezu kweqembu elithile labantu njengoba zikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ukubuyela kulo mqondo wezinkulungwane zeminyaka nobuntu babo, ungabuza ukuthi ngabe abantu abakhule benethonya langekhulu lama-20 bakhombisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zoshintsho kunalabo ababeyingxenye yesizukulwane sangaphambilini. UGrzz nalabo asebenzisana nabo bakwazi ukusizakala ngalolu hlobo lomklamo wobude obude lapho bafunda khona isikole samabanga aphezulu ukuyoshintsha iminyaka yasemakolishi emakilabhini amabili ahlukene. Ngokwengeziwe, iqembu labacwaningi bamazwe omhlaba landise ukutadisha kwabo kobuntu kusuka ezicini esezivele ziphenyiwe ngokwe-Five-Factor Model (ebikwe nguRoberts et al., 2008) ukufaka ngqo i-narcissism kanye nekhwalithi ehlobene nayo yeMachiavellianism, ukuthambekela kokuxhaphaza abanye. Ukuhlaziywa kwabo akugxilanga emaphethini woshintsho kuphela, kepha nasezenzakalweni zempilo ezizololonga lezo zinguquko.

Incazelo ye-narcissism eqondise uGratz et al. ucwaningo lugxile kwikhwalithi "yokunconywa kwe-narcissistic," lapho abantu "bebeka phambili izinhloso ze-ejenti (isimo, ubungqayizivele, ikhono, nokuphakama) ngaphezu kwezinhloso zomphakathi (ukuzibandakanya, imfudumalo, ukuhlobana, ukwamukelwa nemizwa yomphakathi)." Abantu abababazeke ngokweqile ngokufuna ukuzithokozisa "bafuna ukugcina nokukhulisa ukuzethemba okuphezulu futhi bathole ukuvunyelwa kwangaphandle kokuzibuka okukhulu" (ikhasi 468). I-Machiavellianism ibuye ifake ukufuna izinhloso ze-ejenti, kepha ngenqubo ehlukile yezinqubo. “Umbono wezwe ongaqondakali,” ophethwe ngabakwaMachivavellis bomhlaba, uthatha abanye abantu njengalapho bezoxhashazwa. Ngenxa yalokho, laba bantu abangosomathuba “badelela izinhloso zomphakathi kanye nokuziphatha kanye nokwesaba ukuthi abanye bazobabusa, babalimaze, noma babaxhaphaze uma bengewona ama-ejenti noma bengenamandla anele” (ikhasi 468).

Kusetshenziswa idatha evela ku "Transformation of the Secondary School System and Academic Careers" ukutadisha okude (okufushaniswe ngokuthi “TOSCA”), uGrosz nalabo asebenzisana nabo bahlole izinguquko zesikhathi eside kubafundi besikole samabanga aphezulu abaqala ukuhlolwa ngo-2002 kwathi iqembu lesibili laqala ngo-2006. isikhathi seminyaka emine sakha ibanga elincanyana lokuchazwa kweqoqo, ukwakheka kocwaningo okungenani kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuphindaphinda amaphethini wezinguquko kusuka kuqoqo lokuqala kuya kwesibili. Amasampula we-TOSCA womabili abemakhulu (ama-4,962 kowokuqala no-2,572 kowesibili), avumela ithimba labacwaningi ukuthi bahlole hhayi ushintsho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuphela kodwa nangomthelela wezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto ezenzeka empilweni ezithinta ukuguquka kobuntu babo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababhali bakwazile ukuhlola umbono ohlangothini osuselwa ethembeni elithakazelisayo lokuthi ukukhetha komfundi ekolishi okuyinhloko kukhombisa, futhi kuthinteke, izici zobuntu. Ikakhulu, uGrosz et al. bakholelwa ukuthi abafundi abagxile kwezomnotho bazothonyelwa ezifundweni zabo ukuthuthukisa "ukuthambekela kokuziphatha okubi" ngesimo samazinga aphezulu okuncoma ama-narcissistic kanye ne-Machiavellianism ephezulu. Le hypothesis yavela esifundweni esikhudlwana sobuntu kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwasekolishi.

Ukubuyela kudatha ye-TOSCA, ababhali bacele ababambiqhaza ukuthi balinganise, njalo eminyakeni emibili, amava abo okudlula kumcimbi owodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezimpilo ezingama-30. Ngokuhambisana nokugcizelelwa kwesifundo kuzinhloso ze-ejenti (zomuntu ngamunye) nezomphakathi (iqembu), ababhali bahlukanise imicimbi yempilo ngezigaba ezibonisa le dichotomy. Ukuhlaziywa okuyinkimbinkimbi okwenziwe ngababhali kuhlolwe, lapho-ke, ushintsho lwesikhathi eside, umehluko weqembu, kanye nomthelela wezenzakalo zempilo, kufaka phakathi okuhlangenwe nakho okuhambisana nokuba yinhloko yezomnotho.

Okutholakele kukhombisile, okokuqala, ukuthi amaphuzu wokubonga ama-narcissistic ahlala ezinzile kuyo yonke iminyaka kusuka esikoleni esiphakeme kuya ngemuva nje kwekolishi. Ababhali bakholelwa ukuthi ukube babebalandele abafundi isikhathi eside, esikhathini esidlule seminyaka yobudala, ukunconywa kwe-narcissistic bekuzokhombisa ukwehla njengoba kuye kwabonwa ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokho kwehla kokwehla kubangele ukuthi ababhali baphinde bahlaziye ukugomela kwabo kokuthi ukuncipha kwe-narcissism kuyahambelana nomgomo wokuvuthwa: ) ngesikhathi sokuba mdala ”(ikhasi 476). Ngamanye amagama, mhlawumbe abantu abadala abasebasha bakuthola kuzuzisa ukuzama ukuzuza ukuqashelwa kanye nezinga njengoba bezinza emhlabeni.

Emicimbini yokuphila ehlanganiswe kulolu cwaningo, ukwanda kokunconywa kwe-narcissistic kuhlotshaniswa nezinguquko ezihlolwe kahle ekudleni noma emikhubeni yokulala, okuphakamisa ukuthi lapho izinto zihamba kahle, abantu bazizwa bengcono ngabo ngakho-ke bathatha imikhuba enempilo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ngemuva kwekolishi, abantu abadala asebekhulile bakwazi kangcono ukuhlela amashejuli abo, okuthi nabo, kubasize bazizwe benethemba futhi benethemba. Ukuhlukana nobudlelwano bothando kwakungomunye umcimbi wempilo ohlotshaniswa nokwanda kokunconywa kwe-narcissistic. Lokhu kutholakala okubonakala kuyindida kungahle kuchazwe, njengoba ababhali bephawula, ngeqiniso lokuthi ngemuva kokuphela kobudlelwano, abantu baye bathambekele ekuhlanganyeleni futhi bagxile kakhulu ezinhlosweni ze-ejenti, okungukuthi, ngokwabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi abantu ababa ngama-ejenti amaningi babe ngabalingani bezothando abangathandeki kangako. Ukushintsha kwamanyuvesi kwaba wushintsho lwesine lwempilo oluhlotshaniswa nokunconywa okwandayo kwe-narcissistic. Konke lokhu okutholakele kusikisela, kubabhali, ukuthi abantu abenza ushintsho lwempilo engunaphakade bayakwazi ukufeza ukulunga okungcono komuntu-imvelo: "ukulungiswa okubalulekile okunganikeza umuzwa wokunika amandla nokuzethemba futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukubabazeka kwe-narcissistic" (p. (479).

Ukufundwa Okubalulekile Kwe-Narcissism

Ukulinganisa ukulawulwa ngokungekho emthethweni: Izinto Esizenzela Umuntu WamaNarcissist