I-Psychology ikunikeza izeluleko eziyi-6 zokubhala kangcono

-Delile

• Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uSteven Pinker uchaza okhiye bokubhala okuhle kakhulu.
• Ukubhala nokusebenza kwengqondo, kufana kakhulu
• USteven Pinker usilethela okhiye bezengqondo ekubhaleni kangcono
• Izeluleko ze-6 zengqondo zababhali
• 1. Zibeke ezicathulweni (nasengqondweni) yomfundi
• 2. Sebenzisa isitayela esiqondile, nezithombe nezingxoxo
• 3. Beka umfundi kwisimo
• 4.Ukuqamba (kepha ukuqonda) uma kukhulunywa ngokulandela imithetho
• 5. Ungalokothi uyeke ukufunda
• 6. Bukeza kahle imibhalo futhi ubekezele
• Umcabango wokugcina

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uSteven Pinker uchaza okhiye bokubhala okuhle kakhulu.

Ukufunda kungenye yezinjabulo ezinkulu zempilo, Akungatshazwa.Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule sananela isikhundla sethu nezincwadi ezibalulekile ezingama-50 okufanele uzifunde kanye empilweni yakho, futhi namhlanje sibuya ngokuningi, yize kusuka kwenye indawo yokubuka.

Ukubhala nokusebenza kwengqondo, kufana kakhulu

Sihlala sixhumana ngamagama abhaliwe; ziyingxenye yempilo yethu kanye namagugu ethu amasiko. Sonke sizwile kwesinye isikhathi isidingo sokubhala imicabango yethu noma izindaba zethu, futhi ukuthi ukubhala kungaba yindlela yokwelapha.

Kungenzeka singabi yizihlakaniphi zemibhalo ezifana UGabriel García Márquez noma UWilliam Shakespeare, kepha isimangalo sepeni nephepha (noma ikhibhodi yabomdabu bedijithali) sivame ukwethulwa kithi. Kodwa-ke, ukubhala ephepheni imibono kanye nemicabango edlula ezingqondweni zethu kungaba yinto enzima, futhi uma kungenjalo, buza ababhali kanye "ne-white page syndrome" yabo ebesabekayo.

USteven Pinker usilethela okhiye bezengqondo ekubhaleni kangcono

Esinye sezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo esidumile namuhla, uSteven Pinker, isazi sokusebenza kwezilimi kanye nengqondo eHarvard University, unezimpendulo ezithile zokusisiza sithuthuke uma kukhulunywa ngobuciko bokubhala.

Encwadini yakhe ethi The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person’s Guide to Writing in the 21st Century ( Umuzwa weSitayela: khombisa usolwazi ukuthi abhale ngekhulu le-XXI ), eshicilelwe ngo-2014, UPinker uyaseluleka futhi usinikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele walabo esifuna ukubathuthukisa njengababhali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphakamiso nezimfundiso zakhe zisuselwa ocwaningweni oluningi lwesayensi emkhakheni we-neuroscience kanye ne-psychology engqondweni: Pinker ibukeza okutholakele ohlelweni olusebenzayo lobuchopho bethu futhi isifundisa ukuthuthukisa ikhono lethu lokubhala. Umbhali uphakamisa uchungechunge lwamasu namasu ahlose ukuqonda ukuthi ingqondo yethu isebenza kanjani ukuze sazi ukuthi singazuza kanjani kukho, kulokhu ukuze sibe nobuciko futhi siphumelele lapho sibhala.

Izeluleko ze-6 zengqondo zababhali

Ngezansi sifingqe amaphuzu ayisithupha lapho izimfundiso zikaSteven Pinker zisekelwe khona. Uma ufuna ukuba umbhali futhi uthuthukise izindaba zakho, lokhu kungakusiza.

1. Zibeke ezicathulweni (nasengqondweni) yomfundi

Abafundi abazi ukuthi wazi ini. Lokhu kubukeka njengephuzu elisobala kakhulu, kepha akucaci kangako. Uma kunabantu abangaqondi kahle ozama ukubadlulisela kubo ngemibhalo yakho, inkinga akuyona eyabo, kodwa eyakho. Uxolo.

Isizathu esingokwengqondo salokhu kwehluleka ukubhala ukuthi ubuchopho bethu buvame ukuthatha ulwazi oluningi, idatha kanye nezimpikiswano kungabi ndaba zalutho ngoba vele uyabazi, kepha ngabe abafundi bakho bayazazi njengoba nawe wazi? Mhlawumbe akunjalo, futhi lokhu kuyinkinga ejwayelekile okufanele kubhekwane nayo, ngokuzigxeka nokuzindla.

USteven Pinker ubiza leli phutha ngokuthi "isiqalekiso solwazi," futhi kunjalo ukwehluleka kwababhali abaningi ukuqonda ukuthi abanye abazi ukuthi bazi ini. Lokhu kuholela emibhalweni engacacile, lapho izinto zithathwa njengezingenamqondo ezidukisa umfundi. Encwadini yakhe, uPinker uthi indlela engcono yokugwema ukuwela kuleli phutha (okuyiyona ndlela evame kakhulu ngokusho kwabahleli) ukuthumela uhlaka lombhalo kumuntu ngaphandle kolwazi oluthile, bese umbuza ukuthi uqonda konke, noma cha.

2. Sebenzisa isitayela esiqondile, nezithombe nezingxoxo

Isayensi yokusebenza kwengqondo ayikhathali ukuphinda lokho ngaphezu kuka-30% wobuchopho bethu bunemisebenzi ehambisana nokubona. UPinker uphinde waveza ukuthi kunobufakazi obuningi besayensi obukhombisa ukuthi abafundi bayazwisisa futhi bayakwazi ukukhumbula izinto eziningi zombhalo ezihlobene nolimi oluveza izithombe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukusebenzisa isitayela sokuxoxa futhi ukhulelwe umfundi njengomuntu owaziwayo: lokhu kuzobenza bazizwe beyingxenye yendaba nezwe elingaphakathi lombhali. Kodwa-ke, uPinker uqinisekisa, ukubhala ngesitayela esigxile ekugcizeleleni umfundi kufinyelela umphumela ohlukile, futhi umfundi angazizwa ekhungathekile futhi abone ibanga elide kulokho umlobi afuna ukukusho.

Eqinisweni, ucwaningo luthole lokho abafundi abaningi basekolishi basebenzise ngamabomu ulwazimagama oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuze babonakale behlakaniphile. Eqinisweni, imibhalo elula kunazo zonke ezingeni lexical yaqondana nabalobi bokuhlakanipha okuphezulu.

Icebo lokuthola ukuvumelana okuhle phakathi komfundi nombhali, ngokusho kukaPinker, ukuthi njengombhali cabanga ukuthi uzithola usengxoxweni nomuntu onesilinganiso samasiko esifana nesakho, kepha onolwazi oluthile oluncane kunawe inkambu ngalowo okhuluma ngaye. Ngale ndlela ungaqondisa umfundi futhi umenze athole ezinye izinto osuzazi kodwa angakazazi.

3. Beka umfundi kwisimo

Udinga ukuchazela umfundi ukuthi yini inhloso yombhalo, kungani ubatshela okuthile, ukuthi bazofundani kuwo. Uphenyo lubike ukuthi abafundi abawazi umongo kusukela ekuqaleni kokufunda bakwazi kangcono ukuwuqonda kahle umbhalo.

UPinker uqobo uyaligcizelela leli phuzu, aqaphele ukuthi abafundi kumele bazi isizinda ukuze bakwazi ukufunda phakathi kwemigqa futhi baxhume yonke imiqondo nezimpikiswano ngendlela enembile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umfundi utholakala embhalweni kusuka olwazini lwakhe lwangaphambilini, futhi lokho kumsiza ukuthi akuqonde kangcono akufundayo. Eqinisweni, uma kungekho okusetshenziswayo ngokuhambisana nomongo, umfundi ngeke akwazi ukuqonda ngokwanele imigqa ephambi kwakhe, kuzobe kungukufunda okungenasisekelo.

Iseluleko sicacile: njengababhali kumele sithole umfundi, simkhombise ukuthi uyini isihloko sombhalo nokuthi yini esifuna ukukuchaza. Yize abanye ababhali benqaba ukwenza lokhu ngokungasusi ukungabaza nemfihlakalo embhalweni, iqiniso ukuthi kubonakala kunengqondo kakhulu ukunqoba umfundi kusukela kumzuzu wokuqala futhi abenze bagcine ukunaka kanye nentshisekelo yabo kukho konke ukufundwa kunokuba bangathembi ukuthi, Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukufaka emongweni, uzokwazi ukuqeda ngisho nendima yokuqala.

4.Ukuqamba (kepha ukuqonda) uma kukhulunywa ngokulandela imithetho

Ngalokhu asisho ukuthi akudingeki ukuthi sihloniphe imithetho yesipelingi nohlelo lolimi, kepha uma sibhala kufanele futhi sishiye indawo ethile yokwakha nobuciko. Isichazamazwi asiyona incwadi engcwele, kusho uPinker. Okungaphezulu: abahleli bezichazamazwi baphethe ekuthatheni ukuthambekela nokusetshenziswa kwamagama athile kuhlelo ngalunye olusha, futhi lokhu kutholakala kuphela ngokuxhunyaniswa nomphakathi, okuyinjini enikeza incazelo olimini.

Kunjalo: Udinga ukuyazi kahle imithetho ukuze ukwazi ukuyiphula ngezikhathi ezithile ngomthamo omuhle wobuciko. Ukudala, kunjalo, kufanele kube uphawu lwekhwalithi, hhayi ithuba lokukhombisa ukuthi besifuna "ukuhlakanipha". Uma ungayazi kahle imithetho yokubhala yolimi, kungcono ukuthi ungazami ukuvuselela isondo futhi unamathele kwezinye izinhlu ezijwayelekile emibhalweni yakho. Kuzoba nesikhathi sokwenza izinto ezintsha, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

5. Ungalokothi uyeke ukufunda

Le neminye imihlahlandlela yokubhala ingamathuluzi athakazelisayo futhi abalulekile, kepha uma ufuna ukuthuthuka njengombhali, udinga ukufunda okuningi, usuku nosuku.

Umbono kaPinker ucace bha: ukuze ube ngumbhali osezingeni eliphakeme, umuntu kufanele azicwilise ezincwadini nasemibhalweni eyahlukahlukene, ezama ukufunda izilimi ezintsha, izinsizakusebenza zemibhalo, imigomo emisha nemishwana angakhula ngayo njengomcabango, ngakho-ke Umbhali.

Kuyinto elula: qhubeka ufunda futhi ucwaninge ngenye yezikhiye zokunweba izingqondo zakho futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amakhono akho okubhala.

6. Bukeza kahle imibhalo futhi ubekezele

Ukuze ube ngumbhali ovelele, akunconywa ukuthi uzame ukubhala imibhalo emihle okokuqala, ngokungahambisani newashi. Eqinisweni, lelo yikhono abambalwa abalisebenzisayo. Empeleni, kunjalo kungcono kakhulu uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi nokunakekela ukubuyekeza nokwakha kabusha imibhalo yakho.

USteven Pinker ukholelwa ukuthi ukubuyekeza kungenye yezikhiye zababhali abalungile. “Bambalwa kakhulu ababhali abazifunela ngokwabo ukuthwebula amagama ngqo achaza kahle lokho abafuna ukukuveza. Okuncane okuningi. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokwazi ukwazi ukubuyekeza nokucwengisisa isigaba ngasinye, umusho ngamunye. Uma sibhala, sidinga ukubuyekeza futhi senze izinguquko kabusha ukuze senze umyalezo ucace futhi sifinyelele umfundi ngendlela efanele, ”kusho uPinker.

Umcabango wokugcina

Ukukwazi ukuxhumana ngemibhalo nezincwadi kuyinto engafundwa. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuzijwayeza nokuqala ithalente lethu.

Lawa masu namasu okuthuthukisa ukubhala uSteven Pinker asinike wona angasisiza ukuthi sizwisane nabafundi bethu futhi sidlulise umyalezo wethu ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Bhala!